164 resultados para 336-U1383B
Resumo:
A technology for the monolithic integration of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is developed. Molecular beam epitaxy is used to grow an RTD on a HEMT structure on GaAs substrate. The RTD has a room temperature peak-to-valley ratio of 5.2:1 with a peak current density of 22.5kA/cm~2. The HEMT has a 1μm gate length with a-1V threshold voltage. A logic circuit called a monostableto-bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) circuit is developed. The experimental result confirms that the fabricated logic circuit operates successfully with frequency operations of up to 2GHz.
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Ultrashort pulses were generated in passively mode-locked Nd:YAG and Nd:GdVO4 lasers pumped by a pulsed laser diode with 10-Hz repetition rate. Stable mode-locked pulse trains were produced with the pulse width of 10 ps. The evolution of the mode-locked pulse was observed in the experiment and was discussed in detail. Comparing the pulse evolutions of Nd:YAG and Nd:GdVO4 lasers, we found that the buildup time of the steady-state mode-locking with semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) was relevant to the upper-state lifetime and the emission cross-section of the gain medium.
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利用化学气相传输法生长了ZnO单晶.通过控制源区和生长端的温度梯度,使用碳辅助增强质量传尊挚应,在无籽晶自发成核的条件下,得到了晶粒尺寸达5mm×8mm的ZnO晶体.利用长有GaN层的蓝宝石号片待为籽晶,得到了直径32mm、厚4mm左右的ZnO单晶体.用光致发光谱和X射线双晶衍射研究了ZnO晶体的性质并对生长的热力学过程和现象进行了分析.
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室温务件下,用低能离子束外延制备了GaAs
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The structural and optical properties of MBE-grown GaAsSb/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) as well as strain-compensated GaAsSb/GaAs/GaAsP MQWs are investigated. The results of double crystal X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping show that when strain-compensated layers are introduced, the interface quality of QW structure is remarkably improved, and the MQW structure containing GaAsSb layers with a high Sb composition can be coherently grown. Due to the influence of inserted GaAsP layers on the energy band and carrier distribution of QWs, the optical properties of GaAsSb/GaAs/GaAsP MQWs display a lot of features mainly characteristic of type-I QWs despite the type-II GaAsSb/GaAs interfaces exist in the structure. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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植物与微生物之间的共生体(如菌根和根瘤)使宿主植物从生理、生态功能方面获得利益,其抗逆性得到提高,从而使植物的生存竞争能力得到提高。近二十年来,对于菌根或根瘤这样两位一体的共生体系的研究相当活跃,并取得显著的进展。但是对于“固氮植物、根瘤菌或放线菌、菌根真菌”这三者之间形成的共生体的研究还较少,而且基本上停留在对现象的描述上,缺少对三者之间关系的探讨及对共生机理的揭示。因此,研究木本固氮植物的联合共生体,对总结树木与微生物共生生态的基本规律、提示生物间的朴素协调关系、科学地利用共生资源、发挥共生优势以及促进生态物脆弱地带的生态恢复、提高土地生产力、丰富生态学理论都具有重要意义。通过对固氮树木沙棘和刺槐联合共生体人工构建的研究,得出如下结论:联合共生体的确认:通过显微观察和形态解剖特征观察,确认了在人工纯培养条件下,两种典型的固氮树种均能形成根瘤、菌根联合共生体。非豆科固氮树种沙棘与弗兰克氏放线菌共生形成根瘤的同时,还能与内生菌根菌共生形成内生菌根。豆科固氮树种刺槐在与根瘤菌共生形成根瘤的同时,还能与内生菌根真菌、外生菌根真菌共生形成内生菌根和外生菌根。菌根菌对固氮树种生长的促进作用:接种菌根真菌明显地促进了固氮树种的生长,但不同的菌种及组合促生效果不同。相比较而言,VAH较适合沙棘,而VAR则更适合刺槐,毛边华锈伞(H.mesophaseum)是比较适合剌槐的外生菌根真菌,这说明了共生菌种选择的必要性以及选择土著菌种的重要意义。内生菌根真菌和外生菌根真菌的混合接种对刺槐的生长具有增效作用,但不同菌种搭配的效果不同,尤其以VAR+毛边华锈伞(H.mesophaseum)接种组合效果最佳。固氮菌对固氮树种生长的促进作用:接种固氮菌能明显地提高结瘤固氮能力,从而促进宿主植物的生长。HR16是沙棘较理想的共生固氮菌株,接种HR16的沙棘植株的生理指标及生长指标均明显提高。接种根瘤菌336的刺槐小苗也明显地改善了其生长状况。联合共生体中菌根菌和固氮菌之间存在着相互依存,互相促进的关系:这是人工构建联合共生体的前提。沙棘联合共生体中,VA菌根菌对Frankia的结瘤固氮能力具有明显的促进作用,而同时Frankia对菌根的发育也具有促进作用。刺槐联合共生体中菌根菌和根瘤菌之间也表现出相同的规律,菌根真菌对根瘤菌的结瘤固氮能力具有明显的促进作用,尤其是内、外生菌根真菌混合接种,效果更佳。根瘤菌对菌根的发育也同时具有促进作用。菌根菌与根瘤菌之间的协同增效作用以及联合共生体人工构建的最佳组合:联合共生体中菌根菌和固氮菌之间的关系决定着二者对宿主植物的生长存在着协同增效作用。混合接种固氮菌和菌根菌,明显的提高了宿主植物生长的综合指标,但不同的菌种搭配表现出不同的作用。对沙棘而言,VAH+HR16(Frankia)是最佳的组合。对刺槐来说,根瘤菌(Rhizobium 336)+VAR+毛边华锈伞(H.mesophaseum 870191)是最佳的组合。无论是豆科固氮树木还是非豆科固氮树木,促进结瘤固氮能力的最佳组合、促进菌根发育的最佳组合以及促进植株生长的最佳组合是一致的。共生资源的调查及菌种培养条件:通过对刺槐林下菌根真菌资源的调查、分离和培养,进一步了共生资源,摸索出了一套较理想的适合外生菌根真菌的培养条件及培养基,为人工构建联合共生体提供了技术保障。综上所述,本文在木本固氮植物联合共生体人工构建的研究中得出具有重要意义的结论:从殂态解剖特征上确诊了木本固氮植物联合共生体人工构建的可能性;定量研究了菌根菌和固氮菌对宿主植物的促进作用以及两者之间的联合增效作用,选择出了最佳的联合共生体构建接种组合;对宿主植物、菌根菌、固氮菌之间的相互关系及机理进行了初步的探讨,为联合共生体人工构建应用于生产提供了理论基础和技术依据。
Resumo:
本论文由三章组成。第一章为综述,概述了植物中环烯醚萜类化合物的研究进展;第二和第三章为实验论文,分别报道了唇形科药用植物绵参和蔷薇科药用植物地榆的化学成分研究。 第一章概述了植物中环烯醚萜类化合物的研究成果,主要包括结构类型及药理活性等方面。 第二章包括两个部分。第一部分报道了藏药绵参(Eriophyton wallichii Benth)地上部分甲醇提取物的化学成分。采用正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从中共分离出7个化合物,有6个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到,分别为β-谷甾醇(1),夏至草苦素(marrubiin,2),乌苏酸(3),cimigoside(4),5-deoxyantirrhinoside(5),8-表马钱子酸葡萄糖苷(8-epiloganic acid,6)和apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(7)。第二部分,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对绵参地上部分的甲醇提取物进行了分析,通过标准品对照紫、外光谱分析以及多级质谱分析与文献对照鉴定了8个成分,分别是:8-epiloganic acid(Ⅰ),quercitrin 3-glucoside-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(Ⅱ),ajugoside(I) (Ⅲ),chrysoeriol 7-O-E-p-coumaroyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside(Ⅳ),helichrysoside(Ⅴ),生物碱(Ⅵ),apigenin 2,3-dihydrogen-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅶ),apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅷ)。 第三章报道了中药地榆根部乙醇提取物正丁醇相的化学成分,通过正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从中分离得到8个化合物,分别为3,4¢- O-二甲基逆没食子酸(8),3,3¢,4¢-O-三甲基逆没食子酸(9)和3,4¢-O-二甲基逆没食子酸-4-O-b-D-木糖苷(10),19a-羟基-3-O-(a-L-阿拉伯糖)乌苏酸-28-O-b-D-葡萄糖苷(11), 3b-[(a-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-urs-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid b-D- glucopyranosyl ester(13),3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-urs-12,18(19)-dien-28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester(14),儿茶素(15),还有一种可能是皂苷11的工作产物(12)。 This dissertation consisted of three chapters. The first chapter elaborated the progress of iridoids occurring in plants. The later two chapters respectively elaborated the chemical constituents of Eriophyton wallichii Benth. and Sanguisorba officinalis L. The first chapter is a review of the research progress of iridoids occurring in plants, which includes their structure and pharmacology. The second chapter consisted of two parts. The first part is about the chemical constituents of methanol extraction from the aerial parts of Eriophyton wallichii Benth. Seven compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, the compounds of marrubiin, ursolic acid, cimigoside, 5-deoxyantirrhinoside, 8-epiloganic acid,apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside were firstly reported in this plant. A HPLC-MSn method was developed for rapid identification of major compounds of Eriophyton wallichii. A total of 8 peaks in the chromatograms were unequivocally determined (peaks 1, 8) or tentatively identified (peaks 2-7) based on the detailed UV and tandem mass spectra analysis. Seven components were identified as 8-epiloganic acid(Ⅰ),Quercitrin 3-glucoside-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(Ⅱ),ajugoside(I)(Ⅲ),Chrysoeriol 7-O-E-p-coumaroyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside(Ⅳ),helichrysoside(Ⅴ),apigenin 2,3-dihydrogen-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅵ),apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅶ)。 The third chapter elaborated the chemical constituents of methanol extraction from Sanguisorba officinalis L, eight compounds were isolated from this plant by repeat column chromatography over silica gel. These compounds were identified as 3,4′-O-dimethylellagic acid, 3,3′,4′-O-trimethylellagic acid, 3,4′-O-dimethylellagic acid-4-O-b-D-xyloside, 3b-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-19a- hydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-b-D-glucopyranoside, 3b-[(a-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-urs-11,13(18)-dien- 28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester,3-O-a-L–arabinopyranosyl-urs-12,18(19) -dien-28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester, catechin.