112 resultados para COIL


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氧碘化学激光器(COIL)的混合喷管内发生的是气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程,每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响.利用3维计算流体动力学技术,通过求解层流Navier-Stokes方程与组分输运方程对简化的氧碘化学激光RADICL模型进行数值模拟与分析,结合10种组分和21个基元反应的化学反应模型,对COIL超声速段射流情况下喷管内的流动及混合情况,尤其是产率、分解率、泵浦率和小信号增益系数的细致3维空间分布进行研究.结果证明超声速段进行射流有利于提高COIL的性能表现,可以充分利用高增益区,光腔位置增益可以达到0.012 cm~(-1),与亚声速段射流相比总压恢复性能提高,混合有待加强.

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缠绕技术通常被用于大模场面积多模光纤激光器的横模控制。将光纤弯曲成不同半径的圆环,多模光纤激光器的高阶横模逐个被抑制并在缠绕半径为20mm时,获得15.4W的单模激光输出。实验研究表明,缠绕半径减小时,由于激光器高阶模式被抑制,其光束质量变好,同时其斜率效率降低。实验测量了多模光纤激光器在不同缠绕半径下的输出性能,并理论计算了各阶模式在不同缠绕半径下的损耗特性。实验测量结果与理论计算结果符合得较好。

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In the present study, EA-CATH1 and EA-CATH2 were identified from a constructed lung cDNA library of donkey (Equus asinus) as members of cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides, using a nested PCR-based cloning strategy. Composed of 25 and 26 residues, respectively, EA-CATH1 and EA-CATH2 are smaller than most other cathelicidins and have no sequence homology to other cathelicidins identified to date. Chemically synthesized EA-CATH1 exerted potent antimicrobial activity against most of the 32 strains of bacteria and fungi tested, especially the clinically isolated drug-resistant strains, and minimal inhibitory concentration values against Gram-positive bacteria were mostly in the range of 0.3-2.4 mu g center dot mL-1. EA-CATH1 showed an extraordinary serum stability and no haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes in a dose up to 20 mu g center dot mL-1. CD spectra showed that EA-CATH1 mainly adopts an alpha-helical conformation in a 50% trifluoroethanol/water solution, but a random coil in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscope observations of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2592) treated with EA-CATH1 demonstrated that EA-CATH could cause rapid disruption of the bacterial membrane, and in turn lead to cell lysis. This might explain the much faster killing kinetics of EA-CATH1 than conventional antibiotics revealed by killing kinetics data. In the presence of CaCl2, EA-CATH1 exerted haemagglutination activity, which might potentiate an inhibition against the bacterial polyprotein interaction with the host erythrocyte surface, thereby possibly restricting bacterial colonization and spread.

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采用PCR—PAGE方法,对16个少数民族群体和9个地区的汉族群体共1521 人进行了线粒体基因组COIl和tRNAb8基因间非编码序列中串联重复的9 bp序列缺失情况的检测.贵州苗族、布依旅的缺失频率在所研究的民族人群中最高,分别达到 32·4%和30.8%,云南佤族、拉祜族和新疆维吾尔族、蒙古族频率相当低(≤4%),新疆哈萨克族群体中未检测到缺失类型,而其他群体的频率表现为中等或较低(6%。 24%)·除新疆汉族、贵州汉族和报道的台湾汉族外,其他各地汉族群体间缺失频率差异不大;有些来自同一地区或共同历史起源的民族群体的缺失频率没有表现出相边的分布趋势·总体上南方的、沿海的民族群体比北方的、内地的群体表现出较高的缺失频率.综合统计已报道的和此次研究的中国人群的9 bp缺失频率约为17.20%.另外,还在4个个体中检测到并经测序证实存在9 bp的3个重复;在随机抽样选择测定的有缺失和没有妖失的27个个体中,仅在1例中发现有报道的X.II型9 bp模式,

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目的:解释平顶猴成为唯一能够被HIV-1感染的旧大陆猴以及在被SIV感染时出现较其他旧大陆猴严重临床症状的原因.方法:参考人TRIM5α基因的结构和序列合成引物,以平顶猴DNA 为模板,分别扩增其TRIM5α基因编码序列的所有外显子.利用生物学软件分析获得的编码序列,分析在已经明确与TRIM5α抗病毒功能密切相关的几个位点上是否发生可能影响其功能的突变.结果:在平顶猴基因组上CypA基因融合到TRIM5α基因第八外显子的下游,融合方式与在鹰猴中发现的CypA与TRIM5α的融合方式完全不同.恒河猴TRIM5α基因具有限制HIV-1复制的功能,第332位脯氨酸对其抗病毒功能非常重要,但在平顶猴的TRIM5α上,该氨基酸突变成谷氨酰胺;第335位以后8个氨基酸对恒河猴TRIM5α抗病毒功能也有重要影响,但在平顶猴的TRIM5α上,与其对应的氨基酸片段不仅缺失了两个氨基酸,还有两个氨基酸发生突变,附近区域还有另外两个发生突变.在平顶猴TRIM5α基因的Coiled-Coil结构域插入了13个氨基酸,但没有影响到编码框.结论:在平顶猴的基因组上CypA与TRIM5α的融合以及平顶猴TRIM5α基因抗病毒功能关键位点上的氨基酸突变可能影响其抗病毒功能,是其成为唯一能够被HIV-1感染的旧大陆猴以及在被SIV感染时出现较其他旧大陆猴严重临床症状的重要原因.

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统计分析了人的119种蛋白质和大肠杆菌的92种蛋白质密码子翻译速率和蛋白质二级结构的关系。据 二密码子片段在不同二级结构中的频数分布,我们发现人和大肠杆菌中翻译速率与蛋白质二级结构之间有一定 关系:高翻译速率时倾向编码。螺旋、不倾向编码线团(coil);低翻译速率时倾向编码线团、不倾向编码。螺旋;R 折叠结构则随翻译速率表现出明显的振荡。同时,密码子的使用在不同片段内一般也是不均匀的:在。螺旋片段 内,结构尾部偏向使用高翻译速率密码子;中部倾向使用中翻译速率密码子;而头部使用的密码子翻译速率偏 低。这样的倾向性不大可能归结为随机起伏的影响。

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It was expected that there are a coil (289 similar to 325) and two a helix (alpha(1)368 similar to 373, alpha(2)381 similar to 388) structures in p53 protein C-terminal region based on its mRNA secondary structure template and Chou-Fasman's protein secondary structure principle of prediction. The result was conformed by the other four methods of protein secondary structure prediction that are based on the multiple sequence alignment (accuracy = 73.20%). Combine with the 31 amino acids crystal structure of the oligomerization, the three dimensional conformation of p53 C-terminal 108 residues was built using the SGI INDIGO(2) computer. This structure further expounds the relationship among those biological function domains of p53 C- terminus at three-dimensional level.

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Hydrodynamic properties of five newly isolated algal extracellular polysaccharides with putative adhesive properties are described, using a combination of size exclusion chromatography, total or 'multi-angle' laser light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. The respective polysaccharides had been extracted from four filamentous cyanobacteria: Microcoleus vaginatus, Scytonema javanicum, Phormidium tenue and Nostoc sp. and a coccoid single-cell green. algae Desmococcus olivaceus that had been separated from desert algal crusts of the Chinese Tegger Desert. SEC/MALLS experiments showed that the saccharides had, diverse-weight average molecular weights ranging from 4000 to 250,000 g/mol and all five showed either bi-modal or tri-modal molecular weight distribution profiles. Use of the Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada (MHKS) scaling relationship between sedimentation coefficient and (weight average) molecular weight for the five samples, assuming a homologous conformation series revealed an MHKS b exponent of (0.33 +/- 0.04), suggesting a conformation between that of a stiff rod (b similar to 0.18) and a random coil (b similar to 0.4-0.5), i.e. a 'flexible rod' or 'stiff coil'. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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In this paper, we present a theoretical approach to optimize the design of a fiber optic hydrophone based on a flat diaphragm and multilayer fiber coils. In this theoretical analysis, both the radial and tangential strain induced fiber length changes are taken into account. The result shows that the position of the fiber coils and the number of the fiber layers have significant effects on the sensitivity, of the hydrophone. By optimizing these parameters, a higher sensitivity can be achieved. Sample hydrophones are fabricated and tested. The experimental result is in good agreement with the theoretical result, which shows this theoretical approach is effective in optimizing the design of the fiber optic hydrophone. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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本论文以半结晶性的PLLA-b-PS为研究对象,主要研究两个方面的问题。首先研究聚合物结晶对嵌段共聚物在稀溶液中的自组装行为的影响。在此基础上,研究薄膜状态下,聚合物结晶与微相分离之间的相互作用。首先,我们系统地研究了PLLA-b- PS在不同溶剂中的自组装结构。通过调节溶剂选择性由中性向弱选择性和选择性改变,PLLA-b-PS分别形成类旋节图案,松散的胶束结构和典型的胶束核壳结构。使用混合溶剂,实现了从结晶性的球形胶束向结晶性的片状胶束的转变。标度理论分析和实验结果表明,溶剂与胶束结晶核心之间的界面能的增加是发生这一转变的主要原因。为了研究薄膜中的微相分离与结晶之间的相互作用,我们比较了三种薄膜条件下的相分离与结晶过程。均匀平坦的PLLA-b-PS薄膜是旋节不稳定的,在几以上时,分子链发生微相分离,形成旋节图案,表面诱导分子链的伸展有序化过程促使PLLA分子链发生折叠结晶,形成非经典的亚稳态凸出结构,相分离层间距增大50%。结晶过程为一级动力学。在薄膜中引入成核剂时,PLLA在几以上即开始结晶,同时实现了PLLA与P3之间的相分离,薄膜的旋节不稳定性得到了松弛。结晶使薄膜收缩,形成大量的裂纹。在PLLA熔点以上时,以裂纹为核,在薄膜中形成大量的孔洞。孔洞的生长为经典的动力学过程。我们利用自组装方法在薄膜中引入半结晶性的开放的纳米棒。在几以上时,PLLA在纳米棒中发生结晶,诱导薄膜中的分子链向纳米棒迁移,从而在薄膜中形成孔洞结构。同时,薄膜中的未结晶分子链被表面和界面诱导取向,这种取向结构利于PLLA结晶,结晶被加速,从而孔洞的生长也被加速。也就是说,结晶与孔洞的生长相互促进。在相分离薄膜中,PLLA的结晶形态与结晶温度有关。To<TgPS时,结晶被束缚在相结构中,相分离结构不变;TgPs<Tc<Tm以及Tc→Tm时,结晶对相结构有一定的破坏,相分离片层结构的层间距增大,薄膜收缩,形成大量的裂纹和缺陷。在180℃时,PLLA形成不稳定的晶体结构;PLLA与PS之间的相分离强度被减弱,在线张力作用下,岛状结构的相对高度大幅度增加;在岛状结构的边缘,线张力驱使部分分子链穿越已有的相结构,形成多层岛状结构。

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三重基序蛋白TRIM5α(Tripartite motif protein 5 alpha)是哺乳动物细胞中一种重要的限制因子,广泛分布于各种哺乳动物细胞中。人类TRIM5α mRNA 广泛表达于人类各个组织中,并且I 型干扰素IFN-α/β/γ 均能与TRIM5α 基因启动子的ISRE 元件结合,上调TRIM5α mRNA 的表达。恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)TRIM5α 是恒河猴体内重要的限制因子。目前对恒河猴尤其是中国恒河猴TRIM5α 的组织分布以及在受到外界刺激时TRIM5α mRNA 表达量的变化研究还未见报道。本论文通过从中国恒河猴各组织中提取总RNA,以β-actin 基因作为内参照,通过逆转录PCR 检测各组织中TRIM5α mRNA 的表达。我们选择用HIV-GFP-VSVG 感染、用佛波脂(Phorbol myfismte acetate, PMA)+离子霉素(Ionomycin, Ion),CD28 抗体+CD49d 抗体分别共刺激恒河猴PBMC,研究不同刺激对中国恒河猴TRIM5α mRNA 表达量的影响。研究发现:TRIM5α mRNA 广泛表达于恒河猴各组织中,在免疫系统和泌尿生殖系统各组织,如腹淋巴结、睾丸和附睾中表达量最高,而在神经系统各组织如大脑、脊髓中表达量比较少,在其他各组织中未见明显的表达差异。此外HIV-GFP-VSVG 感染、PMA+ Ion 与CD28 抗体+CD49d 抗体分别共刺激PBMC 均能促进PBMC TRIM5α mRNA 表达量的上调。 TRIM5α 作为恒河猴体内的最主要的限制HIV-1 感染的限制因子,除了可能通过促进HIV-1 的脱壳和阻止整合前复合物PIC(pre-integration complex)入核,恒河猴TRIM5α 还能限制HIV-1 病毒颗粒的产生。在这个过程中B30.2 结构域是非必需的,而B-box2 和Coiled-Coil 结构域起着决定性的作用。因为鹰猴(Aotes trivirgatus)TRIMCyp(omTRIMCyp) 蛋白和北平顶猴(Macaca leouina) TRIMCyp(npmTRIMCyp)蛋白的B-box2 和Coiled-Coil 结构域与恒河猴TRIM5α 的B-box2 和Coiled-Coil 具有很高的同源性,我们希望了解鹰猴TRIMCyp 蛋白和北平顶猴TRIMCyp 蛋白对HIV-1 病毒颗粒的产生是否有限制作用。本论文主要通过将质粒pNL4.3 分别与质粒pLPCX 、pLPCX-npmTRIMCyp-HA 、 pLPCX-omTRIMCyp-HA和pLPCX-rhTRIM5α-HA共转染293T细胞,通过western blot 检测细胞内Gag 蛋白和TRIM5 蛋白的表达情况,研究omTRIMCyp 蛋白和 npmTRIMCyp 蛋白对HIV-1 病毒颗粒产生的限制作用。结果表明:北平顶猴 TRIMCyp 蛋白、鹰猴TRIMCyp 蛋白都能不同程度的促进HIV-1 病毒Gag 蛋白的降解。

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以PCR技术从金黄色葡萄球菌基因组DNA中首次克隆编码成熟SECZ蛋白的全基因sec2。该基因共717bp,编码239个氨基酸,Genbank Accession number:AY450554。构建了SEC2的表达载体pET-28a-sec2,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达可溶性rSEC2蛋白。经亲和层析纯化,其纯度在95%以上,平均回收量为每升培养物40mg。纯化的rSEcZ保持了与野生型相当的生物学活性。以限制性核酸内切酶连接技术分别将两个抗人表皮生长因子受体HER-2单链抗体基因通过DNA Linker与sec2融合,构建融合基因b-l-sec2和ml小sec2,并以两种方式表达纯化。以pET-32a表达载体在E,coliAD494(DE3)中以氨基端融合大肠杆菌硫氧还蛋白(TrxA)形式高效表达融合蛋白TRX-B-L-SEC2和TRX-ML-L-SEC2,经亲和层析纯化,并以肠激酶切割得到成熟融合免疫毒素B-L-SEC2和ML-L-SEC2,其纯度在95%以上,平均回收量为每升培养物smg;以构建的新型表达载体pASK-75-EX在E.coliBL21(ED3)中以不溶性包涵体形式表达融合免疫毒素蛋白,经变性、纯化和复性后得到具有生物学活性的融合免疫毒素,其纯度在95%以上,平均回收量为每升培养物30mg。以两种方式制备的融合免疫毒素都保持了SECZ蛋白的免疫原性,都能有效刺激人外周血单个核细胞的增殖,并且都显示出在体外与HER-2过表达的乳腺癌细胞SK-Br-3特异性结合能力,具有显著的靶向性抑瘤作用。用PcR方法扩增了编码TrxA蛋白的基因trxA并克隆至表达载体pET-28a启动子上游,构建了一种在单质粒中利用两个相同的启动子游离共表达硫氧还蛋白与目的蛋白的表达载体。利用该载体可使TrxA与外源蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中以非融合形式高效共表达。共表达的TrxA可明显促进外源蛋白单链抗体ML3.9(scFv-ML)、3一轻基苯甲酸-6-单加氧酶(3HBA)的可溶性表达;并明显减少肠毒素C2(SEC2)、结核杆菌螺旋酶A亚基(GYRA)的包涵体表达。

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Two important factors that influence the force accuracy of the electromagnet-based nano-indenters but have not yet attracted much attention are analyzed, and a more reasonable way to estimate the force accuracy is presented in this paper. MTS Nano Indenter (R), with the characteristics of a coil suspended in a uniform magnetic field by two sets of springs acting as an actuator and force measuring unit, is used as an example. One of the two factors is the uniformity of the magnetic field. The other is the stiffness of the supporting spring. Consequently, the practical force accuracy varies considerably from test to test because it firmly depends on the working position of the coil and the displacement stroke. A reasonable estimated accuracy value is of the order of 10 degrees mu N for typical indentation tests with a 10(2) nm indentation depth or a 10 degrees mN test force. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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针对主流无载气、副流以氮气为载气的氧碘化学激光(COIL), 应用求解3维多组分化学反应流方程的数值方法, 对流场和物理化学的耦合过程进行细致研究, 对副流载气变化带来的问题及性能提升的手段、特别是合理的配气方式进行深入分析. 结果表明:传统的在亚声速段进行喷流的配气方式不适用于主流无载气N_2-COIL系统, 必须采用超声速段射流方式; 合理的流量配比条件下, 超声速段射流方式COIL光腔位置处增益可达1.5% cm~(-1); N_2-COIL流场边界层厚度明显减小, 拓宽了增益的有效分布区域

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Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe). Two particular C-type dipoles with embedded windings are used in the injection beam line of CSRm. They also act as the prototype dipoles of CSRe. The windings are designed to improve the field quality by their trimming current. The current impacts on field homogeneity and multipole components are investigated by a hall sensor and a long coil, respectively. The experiment shows that a field homogeneity of +/- 1.0 x 10(-3) can be reached by adjusting the trimming currents, though the multipole components change correspondingly. In our case, the quadrupole component is decreased to a low level with the octupole, decapole and 12-pole ones increased slightly when the trimming current is optimized.