蓝氏贾第虫分离株tim 基因序列分析比较研究

　为了探讨来源于不同地理位置贾第虫分离株之间的遗传学关系, 采用tim 基因扩增、限制性酶切和 DNA 序列分析方法对来自我国(C1、C2、、CH2、CH3)、柬埔寨(CAM )、澳大利亚(A 1、A 2) 和美国(BP、CDC) 共9 株 蓝氏贾第虫的基因型进行了分析比较。结果表明,A 1、A 2 和CAM 属第1 型(WB) ; CH2 和CH3 属第2 型(JH) ; C1、 C2、BP 和CDC 属第3 型(GS)。本实验结果提示, 虫株间遗传学关系并非由地理位置的远近所决定。来源于同一地 理位置的虫株其遗传学特性可有很大的差异。相反, 来源于地理位置相隔很远的虫株其遗传学特性却可极为相近。 贾第虫分离株基因型的确定可为本虫分子系统进化和分子流行病学研究提供重要资料。

DNA sequence analysis of the triose phosphate isomerase gene from isolates of Giardia lamblia

Objective To confirm the genetic relation between Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) isolates from different geographic regions of China and other countries. Methods Genomic DNA were extracted from the trophozoites or cysts of Giardia lamblia. The triose phosphate isomerase (tim) gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR products were digested with endonuclease and sequenced. The data of sequencing were analyzed with the DNAstar software and compared with that of the isolates acquired from GenBank. Results Of nine isolates of Giardia lamblia from China (C1, C2, CH2 and CH3), Cambodia (CAM), Australia (A1 and A2) and America (BP and CDC), respectively, 3 (A1, A2 and CAM) fit into Group 1 (WB), 2 (CH2 and CH3) into Group 2, and 4 (C1, C2, BP and CDC) into Group 3 (GS). The results confirmed the genetic relatedness of G. lamblia isolates from all over the world. Conclusion Genotyping isolates of G. Lamblia provides important information for establishing the phylogenetic relationship or for the epidemiological evaluation of the spreading of this organism.

On-going generation of multiple forms of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in the Yunnan Province of China

Objectives: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of HIV in China's Yunnan Province, where the initial HIV-1 outbreak among injecting drug users (IDU) occurred in 1989, and to analyse the genesis and interrelationship of the epidemic with that in surrounding areas. Design: A molecular epidemiological investigation was conducted among IDU in three prefectures in Yunnan Province, including Wenshan (east), Honghe (southeast) and Dehong (west). Methods: Thirty-nine specimens were collected from consenting IDU in 2000-2001. The nucleotide sequences of 2.6 kb gag-RT and 340 base pair (bp) env (C2/V3) regions were determined. Phylogenetic tree and recombination breakpoint analyses were performed. Results: The circulating recombinant form (CRF), CRF08_BC, predominated in east Yunnan near Guangxi Province (89% in Wenshan and 81% in Honghe), whereas it was not detected in Dehong(0/14) in the west. In contrast, 71% (10/14) of the Dehong isolates were unique recombinant forms (URF), mostly between subtypes B' (Thailand variant of subtype B) and C, with distinct profiles of recombination breakpoints. The subtype B' accounts for the remaining 29% (4/14) of Dehong isolates. Interestingly, two Honghe isolates (2/16) shared some of the precise B'/C recombination breakpoints with CRF07_BC. Conclusion: New recombinant strains are arising continually in west Yunnan near the Myanmar border. Some appeared to be secondary recombinants derived from CRF07_BC that had further recombined with other strains. The uneven distribution of subtypes, CRF and URF, suggests the presence of independent transmission networks and clusters among IDU in Yunnan. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

三峡水库香溪河库湾沉积物对磷的吸附特征研究

通过三峡水库香溪河库湾的3个采样点沉积物中磷的自然吸附实验和不同粒径下沉积物的胁迫吸附试验,研究了沉积物对磷的吸附特征。结果表明:上覆水中的磷浓度与沉积物中的总磷含量有很好的相关性,沉积物中的总磷含量对上覆水的水质有很大的影响;三点的临界平衡浓度为C1:0.188mg/L,C2:0.147mg/L,C3:0.188mg/L;各点增加的量即饱和吸附量不同(ΔQ1:268.16mg/kg,ΔQ2:57.96mg/kg,ΔQ3:267.27mg/kg),恰恰与三点的临界平衡浓度之间的关系一致;粒径对沉积物对磷的

稀有鮈鲫的脂肪酸组成

稀有鲫汉源种群和彭州种群全鱼中共检测到 3种饱和脂肪酸 (SFA) ,它们是C1 4∶0、C1 6∶0、C1 8∶0。 4种单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFA) ,它们是C1 4∶1、C1 6∶1、C1 8∶1、C2 0∶1。 4种多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) ,它们是C1 8∶2、C2 0∶4、C2 0∶5 (EPA)、C2 2∶6 (DHA)。SFA占总脂肪酸的2 3 6 3— 2 8 97% ,MUFA占 40 73— 5 4 3 2 % ,PUFA占 9 96— 2 3 1 7% ,EPA占 0 41—

Sedimentary records of water environment in lake Chaohu in the Yangtze delta region, China

Three lacustrine core samples were collected from Chaohu lake in December 2002 in the Yangtze delta region. The grain sizes were analyzed using a Laser Analyzer to obtain grain-size parameters. Sediment geochronology was determined in radioisotopes Cs-137 and the average sedimentary rates are 0.29cm.a(-1), 0.35 cm.a(-1) and 0.24cm-a(-1) in Cores C 1, C2 and C3, respectively. The grain-size parameters of the deposits vary regularly with the fluctuation of hydrodynamics. From 1950s to the beginning of 20th century, coarse-grained sediment was deposited, suggesting strong hydraulic conditions and high water-level periods with much precipitation; from the start of 20(th) century to latter half of 18(th) century, fine-grained sediment was deposited, indicating that weak hydraulic conditions and low water-level periods with less precipitation; before the first half of 18(th) century, coarse-grained sediment was deposited, suggesting great velocity of flow and high water-level periods of more precipitation.

Extracellular carbohydrate polymers from five desert soil algae with different cohesion in the stabilization of fine sand grain

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from four filamentous cyanobacteria Microcoleus vaginatus, Scytonema javanicum, Phormidium tenue and Nostoc sp. and a coccoid single-cell green alga Desmococcus olivaceus that had been separated from desert algal crusts of Tegger desert of China, were investigated for their chemical composition, structure,and physical properties. The EPS contained 7.5-50.3% protein (in polymers ranging from 14 to more than 200 kD, SDS-PAGE) and 16.2-46.5% carbohydrate (110-460 kD, GFC). 6-12 kinds of monosaccharides, including 2-O-methyl rhamnose, 2-O-methyl glucose, and N-acetyl glucosamine were found. The main carbohydrate chains from M. vaginatus and S. javanicum consisted mainly of equal proportion of Man, Gal and Glc, that from P. tenue consisted mainly of arabinose, glucose and rhamnose. Arabinose was present in pyranose form, mainly alpha-L 1 --> 3 linked, with branches on C4 of almost half of the units. Glucose was responsible for the terminal units, in addition of having some units as beta1 --> 3 and some as beta1 --> 4 linked. Rhamnose was mainly 1 --> 3 linked with branches on C2 on half of the units. The carbohydrate polymer from D. olivaceus was composed mainly of beta1 --> 4 linked xylose, galactose and glucose. The galactose part was present both in beta-pyranose and -furanose forms. Arabinose in alpha-L-furanose form was mainly present as 1 --> 2 and 1 --> 2, 5 linked units, rhamnose only as alpha 1 --> 3 and xylose as beta 1 --> 4. The backbone of the polysaccharide from Nostoc sp. was composed of beta-1 --> 4 linked xylose, galactose and glucose. Most of the glucose was branched on position C6, terminal glucose and 2-O-methyl glucose units are also present. The relationship between structure, physical properties and potential biological function is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ultrafast dynamics of four-state magnetization reversal in (Ga,Mn)As

The ultrafast dynamics of in-plane four-state magnetization reversal from compressively strained (Ga,Mn)As film was investigated by magneto-optical Kerr rotation measurement. The magnetization reversal signal was dramatically suppressed upon pumping, and recovered slowly with time evolution. The low switching field H-c1 increased abruptly from 30 to 108 G on the first several picoseconds and recovered back to the value before optical pumping within about 500 ps, whereas the high switching field H-c2 did not change obviously upon pumping, implying a domain-wall nucleation/propagation at low fields and coherent magnetization rotation at high fields in the magnetization reversal process.

Strong Spin-Orbit Interactions in an InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs Two-Dimensional Electron Gas by Weak Antilocalization Analysis

Spin-orbit interactions in a two-dimensional electron gas were studied in an InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well. Since weak anti localization effects take place far beyond the diffusive regime, (i.e., the ratio of the characteristic magnetic field, at which the magnetoresistance correction maximum occurs, to the transport magnetic field is more than ten) the experimental data are examined by the Golub theory, which is applicable to both diffusive regime and ballistic regime. Satisfactory fitting lines to the experimental data have been achieved using the Golub theory. In the strong spin-orbit interaction two-dimensional electron gas system, the large spin splitting energy of 6.08 meV is observed mainly due to the high electron concentration in the quantum well. The temperature dependence of the phase-breaking rate is qualitatively in agreement with the theoretical predictions. (C) 2009 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Calculation of energy levels in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot array

The subbands of the ground state E-c1, the first excited state E-c2 and heavy hole state E-HH1 are calculated by solving the eigenvalues of effective-mass Hamiltonian H-0 which is derived from eight-band k . p theory and the calculations are performed at k(x) = k, = k = 0 for the three-dimensional array of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). With indium content in InGaAs QDs gradually increasing from 30% to 100%,the intersubband transition wavelength of E-c2 to E-c1, blue-shifts from 18.50 to 11.87 mu m,while the transition wavelength of E-c1, to E-HH1, red-shifts from 1. 04 to 1. 73 mu m. With the sizes of Ir-0.5 Ga-0.5 As and InAs QDs increasing from 1.0 to 5.0 nm, the intersubband transition from E-c1, to E-C2 transforms from bound-state-to-continuum-state to bound-state-to-bound-state, and the corresponding intersubband transition wavelengths red-shift from 8.12 pm (5.90 pm) to 53.47 mu m (31.87 pm), respectively, and the transition wavelengths of E-C1 to E-HH1 red-shift from 1. 13 mu m (1.60 mu m) to 1.27 mu m (2.01 mu m), respectively.

钙钛矿型有机－无机杂化半导体材料的合成及其发光性质的研究

有机-无机钙钛矿型杂化半导体材料结合了有机和无机材料优点，并在分子水平上自组装形成复合材料，具有独特的光、电、磁等性质，在许多领域具有潜在的应用。基于第四主族金属卤化物的杂化钙钛矿是本论文研究的主题，这一类杂化钙钛矿材料是一类独特的半导体材料，其光功能引起人们越来越多的重视。 为此，本论文通过选择不同的有机阳离子配体制备了新型的基于卤化铅的有机－无机杂化钙钛矿结构单晶材料和薄膜，对它们的发光性质进行了研究。利用N-(3-胺基丙基)咪唑和溴化铅在氢溴酸溶液中反应得到了罕见的(110)取向杂化钙钛矿(C6H13N3)2PbBr4 (monoclinic, P21/c)。所得到的杂化钙钛矿在吸收(392 nm)及发射(424 nm)光谱中均存在激子的特征峰。同时，由于N-(3-胺基丙基)咪唑的光活性，得到的杂化材料具有独特的发光性质，在无机层与有机层之间发生了能量传递，使得有机配体的峰位发生红移并且发光强度明显增加。利用CASTEP (Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package) 总能计算软件包对配合物及配体的能带结构进行了计算。结果证明了配体在杂化材料中发光的红移及激子与配体间的能量传递。另外，还发现了一个有机配体2-(2-氨基乙基)硫脲也能够与金属卤化物络合形成(110)取向的有机－无机杂化钙钛矿结构C3H11SN3PbBr4(monoclinic P21/c)，由于有机配体的不同，2-(2-氨基乙基)硫脲构筑的(110)取向杂化钙钛矿结构较N-(3-胺基丙基)咪唑构筑的(110)取向杂化钙钛矿结构有较大程度的扭曲变形，使得它们的发光性质有所不同。 邻-(胺基甲基)吡啶，间-(胺基甲基)吡啶，对-(胺基甲基)吡啶在相同条件下与溴化铅组装，得到0-D [(m-C6H10N2)2PbBr6] (orthorhombic, Pbca), 1-D [(o-C6H10N2)PbBr4] (monoclinic, P21/c), 2-D [p-(C6H10N2)PbBr4] (orthorhombic, Pbca) 等不同维数的溴化铅骨架。其中间-(胺基甲基)吡啶与溴化铅在酸性条件下形成稀有的0-D杂化钙钛矿；邻-(胺基甲基)吡啶在相同条件下形成2-D层状杂化钙钛矿；对-(胺基甲基)吡啶则得到共边八面体组成的一维链。证实了有机配体氢键和空间位阻对无机结构的形成起限制作用。得到的杂化钙钛矿化合物的无机层激子特征吸收峰分别位于428 nm(0-D)和431 nm(1-D)，无机层激子特征发射峰位于461 nm (0-D)和467 nm(1-D)。 由于甲基咪盐的特殊胺盐构型，我们选用甲基咪盐取代的吡啶作为有机阳离子配体来构筑基于溴化铅的杂化钙钛矿，分别为3-甲咪基吡啶和4-甲咪基吡啶。3-甲咪基吡啶与溴化铅在酸性条件下构筑未见文献报道的即共点又共边的Pb-Br八面体连成无机层网络的杂化结构(C6H13N3)PbBr4 (monoclinic, C2/c)。4-甲咪基吡啶与溴化铅在相同条件下构筑的是常见的(100)取向的杂化钙钛矿结构(C6H13N3)PbBr4(orthorhombic, Pbca)。通过两个不同的化合物在结构和光学性质上的对比，表明有机阳离子配体对无机层结构以及杂化钙钛矿材料光学性质的影响。 在氢溴酸溶液中，组胺与卤化铅自组装成(100)取向杂化钙钛矿(C5H10N3)PbBr4 (monoclinic, P21/c)，(C5H10N3)PbCl4 (monoclinic, P21/c)。得到由扭曲的共角八面体组成的钙钛矿片层。受有机配体空间位阻及氢键的影响，无机层发生一定的扭曲，从而导致激子吸收较(分别位于419 nm，339 nm)线形脂肪胺有一定程度的红移。荧光光谱中存在基于溴化铅，氯化铅杂化钙钛矿激子的特征发射峰。另外作为比较，另一个复杂的有机胺3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑，在同样的条件下与PbBr2进行组装得到的是无机组分为一曲折的链状一维结构的杂化结构(C2H2N4)PbBr3 (orthorhombic, Pna21)。 线形的二咪唑配体2,2΄-(二咪唑基-甲基)苯和4,4΄-(二咪唑基-甲基)对联苯，由于其空间位阻与氢键的影响，与卤化铅的组装得到链状骨架。2,2΄-(二咪唑基-甲基)苯与氯化铅构筑的无机骨架是由共边铅氯三角锥连成的一维链状结构(C7H8N2)PbCl3 (triclinic, P-1)；与溴化铅形成类似交替排布的层状结构(C7H8N2)PbBr3 (triclinic, P-1)。4,4΄-(二咪唑基-甲基)对联苯构筑的氯化铅骨架为新奇的由共点的铅氯四方锥组成的类隧道形链(C20H21N4)Pb2Cl6•H2O (triclinic, P-1)；构筑的溴化铅骨架为由共边的铅溴八面体组成的双链(C20H21N4)Pb2Br6 (monoclinic, C2/c)。形成配合物的发光为配体本身的π-π*跃迁发光。 所合成的杂化钙钛矿材料都具有较好的成膜性，利用简单的旋涂法即可得到质量较好的薄膜材料，有利于对其进行光电研究。

手性吡啶醇基联萘酚衍生物的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用

C2-对称性的1,1’-联萘-2-酚(BINOL)及其衍生物在不对称催化等领域受到了广泛的关注。联萘酚自身能够与具有路易斯酸性的亲氧过渡金属配位完成不对称催化，但往往不能在不对称催化反应中给出满意的结果；可以通过对其骨架中多个可修饰位点的改造和修饰，从而影响金属中心周围的环境，达到不对称诱导的目的。因此对联萘酚的结构改造成为人们始终关注的焦点和努力的方向。 本论文以天然的手性酮(-)-葑酮、(+)-樟脑、(-)-薄荷酮为原料合成两个系列的手性吡啶醇类化合物2a-c，12a-b，并通过与3-或3,3’-单或双(硼酸嚬呐醇酯)- 2,2’-双(甲氧甲基)-1,1’-联-2-萘酚的Suzuki偶联反应在联萘酚的3,3’-位引入手性吡啶醇取代基，合成了两个系列手性联萘酚衍生物，十对非对映异构体8a-c，9a-c，19a-b，20a-b，所有反应中间体及最终产物均已用1H NMR，13C NMR，IR和ESI-MS表征和验证结构。 探讨了两个系列手性配体在芳香醛不对称ZnEt2加成反应、苯甲硫醚不对称氧化反应中的应用。其中，第一系列六对非对映异构体8a-c，9a-c在芳香醛的不对称ZnEt2加成反应中表现出中等的反应活性及较好的对映选择性，最高可达96% e.e.对映选择性；在苯甲硫醚的不对称环氧化中，这些配体表现出较好的反应活性和中等的对映选择性，最好可达51％e.e.对映选择性。第二系列四对非对映异构体19a-b，20a-b在芳香醛的不对称ZnEt2加成反应中也表现出中等的反应活性及较好的对映选择性(91% e.e.值)，但较第一系列配体要低一些；在苯甲硫醚的不对称环氧化中，这些配体同样表现出较好的反应活性和中等的对映选择性，但较第一系列配体显示出较高的手性诱导能力，e.e.值最高可达71％。 同时，将部分配体与金属钼(Ⅵ)配位合成手性金属配合物，对部分配合物进行单晶结构的表征，确定配合物中具有分子内氧桥键的结构。并初步探讨了金属配合物在非官能团化烯烃的不对称环氧化反应中的应用。

稀土离子的电荷迁移带与化学键性质研究

本论文主要研究的是掺杂在无机材料中的稀土离子的电荷迁移带，利用复杂晶体化学键的介电理论对晶体的化学键性质进行计算和分析，阐明了稀土离子的电荷迁移带与基质的化学键性质之间的规律，揭示了宏观电荷迁移带的微观机制，进而丰富和发展了稀土发光材料的理论知识。 根据大量掺杂稀土离子的化合物的电荷迁移带数据，利用复杂晶体的介电理论计算和分析出化合物的共价性、键体积极化率、配体在晶体中所呈现的电荷及配位数，进而得到由这四个参数定义的环境因子he。发现环境因子he能够有效地描述电荷迁移带的变化趋势,可以揭示电荷迁移的微观机制。具体获得了Eu3+、Sm3+和Yb3+在不同基质中的电荷迁移能与环境因子之间的定量关系。通过这些定量关系式，我们能够利用复杂晶体的介电理论来估算各种复杂晶体中稀土离子的电荷迁移带位置，为电荷迁移带方面的研究工作提供了理论依据。反过来，利用这一关系我们也可以从实验上测得的电荷迁移能数据来判断晶体结构的正确性。在此基础上，我们从化学键和YBO3：Eu的电荷迁移带的角度出发，研究了YBO3的结构，从而确定它的空间群为C2/c，排除了其他的可能性。 考虑到Eu3+的电荷迁移能随着基质平均能隙的增大而增大，而且利用复杂晶体化学键的介电理论可以估算化学键的平均能隙，我们研究了Eu3+在不同基质中的电荷迁移能与相应的化学键的平均能隙之间的关系，发现它们之间符合定量的线性关系。通过这一线性关系估算出的电荷迁移能与实验值一致，说明利用化学键的平均能隙来估算电荷迁移能的可靠性。在此基础上，我们预测了发光材料Gd4GdO(BO3)3:Eu的电荷迁移带位置，计算的结果与实验值相吻合；探索复杂化合物Li2Lu5O4(BO3)3:Eu中Eu3+取代的阳离子的格位，计算结果表明能量最低的电荷迁移带来源于Eu3+取代五种Lu中的Lu1格位，电荷迁移能的计算值与实验值一致。块状和纳米的Sr2CeO4分别通过高温固相法和溶胶凝胶法获得，根据电荷迁移能随平均能隙的增大而增大的规律，可以将激发光谱中出现的三个峰分别归属为：能量最高的激发峰来源于从O1到Ce的电荷迁移，能量最低的激发峰来源于从O2到Ce的电荷迁移，中间的峰是前面两种峰的叠加。

联萘基手性联吡啶的合成及其应用

本论文以手性联萘酚为手性源，合成一系列联蔡基手性联毗陡及其衍生物，歼探讨了部分手性配体在不对称催化氢转移等反应中的应用。同时，通过部分配体与金属离子配位合成了旋光纯手性金属配合物，并对其溶液性质进行了深入研究。主要工作和结论如下：利用Krohnke方法，从（R）-6-乙酞基-2，2'-二甲氧基-1，1'-联萘简洁地合成了6-[6-((R)-2,2'-二甲氧基-1，1'-联萘基）]-2，2'-联吡啶及其衍生物（R)-1a-e。在相似条件下，合成了6，6'-二［6-（2，2'-联吡啶基）］-1，1'-联萘衍生物（R）-27-b。利用Suztlki偶联反应，对化合物（R）-1e进一步进行修饰得到了高产率的6-芳基-6'-[6-((R)-2,2'-二甲氧基-1,1'-联萘基）〕-2，2'-联吡啶(R)-1f-i。通过（R）3-（4，4，5：5-四甲基-1，3，2-二唑硼烷基）2，2'-乙氧基-1,1'-联萘与6-溴-2，2'-联吡啶及其衍生物的Suzuki偶联合成了四种手性6-［3-（（R）-2，2'-乙氧基-1，1'-联萘基）］-2，2'-联吡啶衍生物（R）-3a-d。将（R）-27b与AgSO3CF3进行配位合成Ag（I）配位聚合物35。固态下，35具有M构型的无限单股螺旋结构，且每个Ag（I）中心的手性受到配体，扫联蔡基的控制，其构型为Λ。在用MS、CD、UV及NMR对配合物35的溶液性质进行深入研究时发现，在溶液中配合物35离解为剂聚体，同时齐聚体之间存在快速平衡，且平衡随浓度、温度等条件的不同而发生改变，配体的平衡构象也相应被调整。另外，合成了Ag（I）与(R)-1d的单核配合物34，其洛液表现出与配台物35相似的性质。探讨了1a-i在苯乙酮氢转移还原、苯乙烯环丙烷化等不对称催化反应中的应用。在这些反应中，大部分配体表现出很好的反应活性，但立体选择性比较差。以(S)3，3'-二（4，4，5．5-四甲基-1，3，2-唑硼烷基于-2，2'-二（甲氧亚甲氧基）-1,1'-联萘为原料与2-溴吡啶及其衍生物先进行Stlzuki偶联，再经水解反应较高产率地合成了C2-对称性新型（S）-3，3'-二吡啶丛联茶酚衍生物（S）-38a-d。

P_(507)萃取分离Gd、Tb、Dy三出口工艺及多元稀土萃取分离数学模拟的研究

溶剂分馏萃取是分离、提纯、富集物质的有效方法之一，由于它具有分离效果好，易于操作等优点。因此，在稀土萃取分离工艺中得到了广泛的应用。但是，每个分馏萃取工艺只能分离两个组份，若要分离所有稀土元素，流程较长。为改进生产，本工作提出了一种三出口萃取分离工艺流程。这种工艺流程可视为由两个萃取段和两个洗涤段组成，由于在两个洗涤段中，两相稀土浓度较高、稀土交换量较大，故可使级数减少。采用此工艺流程进行了P_(507)萃取分离Gd、Tb、Dy三组元素的串级模拟实验，得到了纯度大于99.99％的La－Gd，纯度大于99.8％的Dy－Lu和含量高于65％的Tb_4O_2富集物。Tb的收率大于95％。串级总级数为38级。通过对P_(507)萃取实际体系中稀土元素行为的研究，建立了多元体系中稀土在两相分配的经验模型。Z＝C_1H~(C2)×T~(C_3)e~(c_4X(Tb)+C_5X(Dy))和具有一定物理意义的半热力学半经验模型。YT=(Z/H)~3[Σ from i=1 to m of CiXi + Co]根据氨化P_(507)萃取工艺中稀土总浓度在两相的分布规律，提出了一种适合氨化P_(507)萃取分离多元混合稀土工艺的串级计算方法，并用FORTRAN语言编写 了计算程序。使用自编的计算程序进行了氨化P_(507)萃取分离Gd、Tb、Dy三出口工艺的串级模拟计算，计算结果与实验值基本一致。同时，对文献中报导的中间某级开设出口的一分三工艺也进行了串级计算，根据计算结果讨论了两种工艺的优缺点。对恒定混合萃取比的多元稀土萃取分离工艺，进行了在不同串级条件下分界元素在各级的积累及易萃组份和难萃取份的有效分离系数在各级变化规律的计算。结果表明，有效分离系数在级体中出现一极小值β~*，并且β~*值的大小与其出现在级体中的位置随条件不同而改变。对同一萃取体系，当出口产品较纯时，用线性回归分析法关联计算数据得到了β~*与出口产品组成和总萃取比的经验关系式，在萃取段有（A、B与C分离的工艺）β~*/β_B~C=C1+C2EM+C_3ln (A1)/(B1)引入有效分离系数后，进行了环烷酸萃取分离钇与镧系元素的串级模拟计算，计算结果与实验值基本吻合。