152 resultados para 480


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采用田间取样与实验室分析相结合的方法,研究了黄土高原坡地密植枣园土壤质地与肥力状况。结果表明,坡地枣园土壤肥力低,氮、磷严重缺乏,钾相对丰富,土壤属于砂壤土,通气性强,保肥、保水性差。0~60 cm土壤有机质含量为1.687~5.002 mg/kg;全氮为0.072~0.316 g/kg;硝酸盐为2.325~16.846 g/kg;铵态氮为1.187~2.146 g/kg,速效磷为0.270~2.480 mg/kg,速效钾为51.9~169.1 mg/kg,并且含量均随剖面向下减少。颗粒组成大部分为粉砂粒,含量一般在65.75%~68.98%;随有机质含量升高,0.25~0.05 mm微团聚体数量呈上升趋势,二者为正相关;<0.05 mm微团聚体含量则逐渐下降,二者呈负相关。黄土高原坡地密植枣园土壤肥力总体水平很低。除了速效钾为中等级外,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷均为很低等级。

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在植物生长箱通过种子萌发试验,从种子发芽进程、发芽率和吸水量等方面研究了水分和低温胁迫对红豆草种子萌发的影响。用10%,15%,20%,25%,30%的聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液和5℃左右低温预处理红豆草种子,结果表明,不同浓度的聚乙二醇和5℃左右低温预处理可以缩短种子的平均发芽时间,提高发芽率;比较发现,聚乙二醇浓度30%和低温处理时间4 d时可促进红豆草种子的萌发。

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甲状腺激素,特别是3,3',5一三碘甲状腺素(T_3)对机体新陈代谢与能量的内稳定、生长发育、其它激素分泌等发挥着重要调节作用。甲状腺素脱碘酶是九十年代后才发现的能够催化甲状腺激素不同降解反应的一簇含硒酶,对维持甲状腺激素在体内的动态平衡和生物活性起关键作用。它们的缺乏将导致机体产生多种与甲状腺激素有关的严重疾病。由于脱碘酶稳定性差,体内含量极微且基因表达困难等,因此,开展脱碘酶的人工模拟研究具有重要意义。以天然脱碘酶的初步催化机制和疏水腔修饰法的半抗原设计思想为依据,设计合成了三种疏水性不同的甲状腺素衍生物半抗原:o-methyl-T_4,o-benzyl-T_4和o-p-nitro-benzyl-T_4,并对其结构进行了表征。半抗原与载体蛋白偶联制备出全抗原,经免疫Balb/C小鼠、细胞融合、多轮克隆化与筛选,获得一株分泌抗-T_4的单抗细胞株4C5和一株分泌抗-o-methyl-T_4的单抗细胞株688。经腹水制备和分离纯化,获得单克隆抗体4C5和6E8。通过化学组装将催化基团Sec引入到抗体的抗原结合部位,制备出两种分别对半抗原T_4和o-methyl-T_4特异的含硒抗体酶Se-4C5和Se-6E8,其最大酶活力分别为270和480 U/mg protein,为含天然酶的鼠肝匀浆液活力(36 Ulmg protein)的7.5及13.3倍,是国内外首次报道的具有脱碘酶活性的含硒抗体酶。同时对它们的理化性质、酶促反应、动力学性质以及Fab片段的活性等方面进行了系统的研究,用化学修饰法鉴定了催化部位的一些关键氨基酸。指出抗体酶催化的反应与工型脱碘酶相似,属乒乓机制,且PTU抑制作用也相一致,因此确认为I型脱碘酶模拟物,并提出了较详细的脱碘酶催化机制和过渡态的形成过程,这将对天然脱碘酶催化机理的完善和药用价值的模拟酶研究等具有重要意义。

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The layer structure of GaInP/AlGaInP quantum well laser diodes (LDs) was grown on GaAs substrate using low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) technique. In order to improve the catastrophic optical damage (COD) level of devices, a nonabsorbing window (NAW), which was based on Zn diffusion-induced quantum well intermixing, was fabricated near the both ends of the cavities. Zn diffusions were respectively carried out at 480, 500, 520, 540, and 580 Celsius degree for 20 minutes. The largest energy blue shift of 189.1 meV was observed in the window regions at 580 Celsius degree. When the blue shift was 24.7 meV at 480 Celsius degree, the COD power for the window LD was 86.7% higher than the conventional LD.

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利用分子束外延技术,在高温下(540℃)生长了具有三维空间有序的白组织InGaAs/GaAs量子点超晶格结构,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测量到了明显的垂直人射吸收峰,中心响应波长在11μm.作为对比,在低温下(480℃)生长了相同的结构,傅里叶变换红外光谱几乎没有测量到明显的垂直人射吸收峰.高分辨率X射线双晶衍射测量表明高温生长的量子点超晶格具有更好的晶体质量,原子力显微镜测量表明在高温540℃下生长的量子点具有明显的横向有序;而在低温480℃下生长的量子点并没有显示出横向有序.在进行垂直人射的吸收测量时,为了扣除量子点超晶格的周期结构带来的干涉效应,提出使用生长条件完全相同但量子点区没有掺杂的样品作为背景,提高了测量的准确性及分辨率.结果表明空间有序的量子点超品格结构比空间无序的量子点超晶格更适宜作红外探测器结构.

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报道了正入射Si_(0.7)Ge_(0.3)/Si多量子阱结构光电探测器的制作和实验结果。测试了它的光电流谱和量子效率。探测器的响应波长扩展到了1.3μm以上波段。在1.3μm处量子效率为0.1%。量子效率峰值在0.95μm处达到20%。

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Polycrystalline GaN thin films have been deposited epitaxially on a ZnO-buffered (111)-oriented Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The microstructural and compositional characteristics of the films were studied by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A SiO2 amorphous layer about 3.5 nm in thickness between the Si/ZnO interface has been identified by means of spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy. Cross-sectional and plan-view TEM investigations reveal (GaN/ZnO/SiO2/Si) layers exhibiting definite a crystallographic relationship: [111](Si)//[111](ZnO)//[0001](GaN) along the epitaxy direction. GaN films are polycrystalline with nanoscale grains (similar to100 nm in size) grown along [0001] direction with about 20degrees between the (1 (1) over bar 00) planes of adjacent grains. A three-dimensional growth mode for the buffer layer and the film is proposed to explain the formation of the as-grown polycrystalline GaN films and the functionality of the buffer layer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The optimum growth condition of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was investigated. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed that ion damage drastically degraded the quality of GaNAs and GaInNAs QWs and that ion removal magnets can effectively remove the excess ion damage. Remarkable improvement of PL intensity and obvious appearance of pendellosung fringes were observed by removing the N ions produced in the plasma cell. When the growth rate increased from 0.73 to 1.2 ML/s, the optimum growth temperature was raised from 460 degreesC to 480 degreesC and PL peak intensity increased two times. Although the N composition decreased with increasing growth rate, degradation of optical properties of GaInNAs QWs was observed when the growth rate was over 0.92 ML/s. Due to low-temperature growth of GaInNAs QWs, a distinctive reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern was observed only when the GaAs barrier was grown under lower As-4 pressure. The samples with GaAs barriers grown under lower As-4 pressure (V/III ratio about 24) exhibited seven times increase in PL peak intensity compared with those grown under higher As-4 pressure (V/III ratio about 50). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved.

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选取三株属于不同亲合类群的Frankia代表菌株即 At4(分自色赤杨)、Cc01(分自细枝木麻黄)和 Hr16(分自沙棘),提取了其总DNA,以G-谱宿主粘粒载体, pLAFR1建立了其基因文库,转化了数和重组质粒酶切检查均证明达到理论要求。为克隆 Frankia的共生固氮基因,采用了二种克隆策略,首先是基于固氮酶结构基因 (nifHDK) 在固氮微生物中的普遍保守性,以其为探针筛选文库;其次是基于 Frankia 在侵染和结瘤过程中与根瘤菌的相似性,考察二者结瘤基因的结构相似性和功能互补性。BamHI酶解的 Frankia 总 DNA 与pSA30(肺炎克氏杆菌nifHDK)的杂交表明nifHDK同源片段的大小在不同亲合类群菌株中是不同的:在At4基因组中分布在 3kb、1.9kb和0.8kb 三条杂交带上,在Hr16中分布在 2.1kb 和 1.7kb 二条带上,而在木麻黄类群(包括木麻黄属和异木麻黄属)6个种的内生菌中,均集中分布在一条只有 5.5kb 的 BamHI片段上,这表明此片段可作为木麻黄类群菌株的一个特征性分类指标。用 pBR322 为载体,克隆了Cc01中的5.5kb的nif同源片段(pCc1GX),与pSA30中的nifH、nifD和nifK基因的杂交表明pCc1GX确实含有了全部的固氮酶结构基因的同源区。以pCc1GX为探针,通过菌落原位杂交,从文库中分离到几个 nif克隆,即:pAt1GX(来自 At4文库),插入片段为 24kbEcoRI片段,含有 1.9kb 的nif同源片段和 0.8kb nif同源片段的大部分;pHr18GX (来自 Hr16 文库),插入片段为二条13kb的EcoRI片段,其中分别含有 2.1 kb 和 1.7 kb 的nif同源片段,以及pHr11-③GX,插入片段的 17kb EcoRI片段。pHr18GX 和pHr11③GX 中插入片段总长约 43kb,根据一般与共生固氮有关的基因成簇存在的特点,这些片段可能含有了很大一部分的 Frankia共生固氮基因。关于Frankia基因组中nifH和nifDK的连锁与分离问题尚无定论,二种情况皆有实证;本工作发现pAt1GX中 1.9kb BamHI nif 同源片段和pHr12GX、pHr17GX、pHr18GX中 2.1kb BamHI nif同源片段与 pPC1201 和 pP1202皆呈阳笥杂交,在木麻黄类群菌株中则 pSA30的同源片段集中在 5.5kb 的 BamHI 片段上,这些结果说明在At4、Hr16和6株木麻黄类群菌中,nifH和nifDk均是连锁的。以豌豆根瘤菌结瘤基因(nodDABC)为探针杂交 BamHI和EcoRI酶解的 Frankia 总DNA,均未发现阳性杂交信号。通过三亲本杂交,将At4文库分组(每组480克隆)并导入nodD缺陷的豌豆根瘤菌结瘤缺陷(nodD-)受体,结果得到一些互补瘤,这些瘤较正常瘤为小,呈白色,显瘤时间较正对照稍迟。分析根瘤内生菌的重组质粒分布和大小后,得到一条“公共”质粒(pAt2GX),含有约 23kb的EcoRI插入片段,但当将其重新导入一个新的结瘤缺陷受体时,它却不能再度互补受体的致瘤能力。

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