99 resultados para <0.45 µm, dissolved matter
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We report the measurements of relative cross sections for single capture (SC), double capture (DC), single ionization (SI), double ionization (DI), and transfer ionization (TI) in collisions of Xe23+ ions with helium atoms in the velocity range of 0.65-1.32 a.u. The relative cross sections show a weak velocity dependence. The cross-section ratio of double-(DE) to single-electron (SE) removal from He, sigma(DE)/sigma(SE), is about 0.45. Single capture is the dominant reaction channel which is followed by transfer ionization, while only very small probabilities are found for pure ionization and double capture. The present experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the estimations by the extended classical over-barrier (ECB) model..
New uniform algorithm to predict reversed phase retention values under different gradient conditions
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A new numerical emulation algorithm was established to calculate retention parameters in RP-HPLC with several retention times under different linear or nonlinear binary gradient elution conditions and further predict the retention time under any other binary gradient conditions. A program was written according to this algorithm and nine solutes were used to test the program. The prediction results were excellent. The maximum relative error of predicted retention time was less than 0.45%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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The dual-phase membrane of La0.15Sr0.85Ga0.3Fe0.7O3-delta-Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe0.2Co0.8O3-delta (LSGF-BSCF) was prepared successfully. This membrane was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). This membrane has a dense dual-phase structure: LSGF being the dense body of this membrane and BSCF as another phase running along the LSGF body. This structure is favorable for the oxygen permeation through the membrane. The oxygen permeation test shows that the oxygen permeation flux of LSGF-BSCF membrane (Jo(2) = 0.45 ml/min cm(2), at 915 degreesC) is much higher than that of LSGF membrane (Jo(2) = 0.05 ml/min cm(2)). Thickness dependence of oxygen permeation indicates that the oxygen permeation is controlled by the bulk diffusion. Compared to pure BSCF the dual-phase membrane of LSGF-BSCF is stable in reducing atmosphere. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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利用天然物质城市草炭土、草甸土、火山岩和红壤与壳聚糖絮凝剂絮凝复配处理味精废水,并对影响絮凝复配过程中味精废水浊度去除率的助剂投加量、壳聚糖用量和pH值的影响做了进一步的探讨.结果表明,壳聚糖经天然物质复配絮凝处理味精废水后的浊度去除率均优于复配前,其中草甸土和红壤最为突出.在最佳复配比例为m(草甸土):m(壳聚糖)=5∶1、pH为1.0~2.0(即在原味精废水中)时,草甸土复配后味精废水浊度去除率为45.77%;对于红壤,在最佳复配比例为m(红壤):m(壳聚糖)=25∶3、pH=6.0时,其浊度最佳去除率为78.41%.此絮凝复配方法为味精废水的处理提供了一种廉价的新方法.
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分别对生长于冬季和夏季的五倍子蚜虫冬寄主藓类植物湿地匍灯藓 (Plagiomniumacutum (Lindb .)T .Kop .)和侧枝葡灯藓 (Plagiomniummaximoviczii(Lindb .)T .Kop .)的净光合速率及其与光照、温度的关系进行了比较研究 .结果表明 ,2种藓类的最大光合能力在夏季分别为 12 5 6 7和 94 6 3μmolCO2 ·kg-1DW·s-1,而在冬季只有 5 8.1和 6 2 .1μmolCO2 ·kg-1DW·s-1;其暗呼吸强度夏季也比冬季显著增强 ;光补偿点均在 2 0~40 μmol·m-2 ·s-1,光饱和点在 2 0 0~ 40 0 μmol·m-2 ·s-1之间 ,夏季比冬季略高 .它们在夏季的表观量子效率分别为 1 5 35和 1 5 5 9,冬季只有 0 45 6和 0 45 9.光合最适温度在 2 0~ 35℃之间 ,夏季比冬季有所升高 .在 0~ 2 0℃条件下测得的温度系数 ,在不同季节和不同种类均相似 ,约在 1 15~ 1 2 3之间 .它们对高温和低温都表现出一定的抗性 ,在 -15~ -10℃的低温以及 40~ 45℃的高温条件下均能够保持一定的净光合速率
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采用孢粉分析和 1 4 C测年法 ,通过花粉植被化模拟技术 ,研究了延安地区全新世的孢粉组合特征及其古植被的演替历史。全新世时期延安地区的气候变化在全球和中国区域气候的格局下 ,也呈现出早、中、晚三个气候阶段 ,中期 (75 0 0~ 45 0 0 a)为气候最佳期 ,与之相对应的植被演替也分为三个阶段 :中期植被为松、桦、栎、漆为主具亚热带成分的暖温带落叶阔叶林 ,早期和晚期的气候较干冷 ,乔木花粉的含量减少 ,呈现以松、栎为主的暖温带针阔叶混交林
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以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,采用大田试验,研究了半湿润农田两种杂草处理方式下(成熟后期清除杂草-A区和苗期开始清除杂草-B区),不同施氮量对夏玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,当施氮量为0、45、90、1351、80 kg/hm2时,B区玉米子粒产量比A区分别增加了8.7%、12.1%、9.4%、5.0%和12.5%;吸氮量分别增加了1.5、2.9、4.85、.2和4.3 kg/hm2。A区和B区全生育期0—100 cm土层矿质氮(Nmin)累积量变化趋势基本一致,但B区比A区变幅较大。当施氮量为45、90、135和180 kg/hm2时,B区氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率均高于A区。研究还发现,在A区,当施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,杂草干生物量最大,为1518.3 kg/hm2,不施氮时,杂草的生物量最低,为845.7 kg/hm2;杂草的吸氮量随施氮量的增加而增加。可见,清除玉米农田杂草不仅可以提高作物产量和氮肥利用率,而且在减少氮素损失方面具有一定作用。
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为了揭示黄土高原南部地区不同质地类型土壤剖面坚实度的变化及其与土壤含水率的定量关系,以黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表的粘化层耕作剖面为研究对象,定位观测其0~45 cm土壤坚实度与含水率的变化。结果表明,黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表粘化层耕作剖面的犁底层平均坚实度均大于耕层,犁底层平均坚实度较耕层分别高194.8%,87.3%,10.4%;剖面土壤质地越粘其平均坚实度越大;土壤坚实度与含水率呈负相关关系;土壤坚实度变化速率为0时,以上3种土壤剖面临界含水率分别为0.1712,0.1757,0.1835;质地不同的土壤剖面坚实度时空变化特征有差异,其中黄墡土剖面0~20 cm土层土壤坚实度为350~500 kPa,受土壤含水率变化的影响较小;20~30 cm土层土壤的坚实度为500~1400 kPa,不易受外界环境影响;30 cm以下土层土壤坚实度为700~1600 kPa,受土壤含水率变化影响较大。土娄土剖面0~40 cm土层土壤坚实度为600~1200 kPa,受含水率变化影响较大;40 cm以下土层土壤坚实度稳定在1 800 kPa左右。粘化层剖面0~15 cm土层土壤坚实度在2000 kPa左右,受环境影响较...
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以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,通过田间试验,研究了不同施氮量下(0、45、90、135和180 kg.hm-2)夏玉米生育期土壤剖面NO3--N的变化特征、氮素利用率及施氮量与土壤NO3--N残留的关系.结果表明:在整个生育期内,土壤NO3--N含量均以0~20 cm土层最高,且施氮量越高,NO3--N含量也越高;0~60 cm土层NO3--N含量变化显著,60~100 cm土层NO3--N含量变化不大.夏玉米整个生育期,受玉米对氮素的需求和降雨的影响,0~100cm土层NO3--N累积量呈波动式降低趋势;当施氮量小于135 kg.hm-2时,作物氮肥利用率随施氮量的增加而显著提高,但当施氮量超过135 kg.hm-2时呈下降趋势.氮肥农学利用率随施氮量的增加而减小,氮肥生理利用率随施氮量的增加而递增.土壤中残留NO3--N与施氮量呈极显著正线性相关关系(R2=0.957**,n=5);施氮处理籽粒产量显著高于不施氮处理(P<0.05);施氮量与籽粒产量呈极显著正线性相关关系(R2=0.934**,n=5).在本试验条件下,夏玉米生长季适宜施氮量为135 kg.hm-2.该施氮水平可保证效益和环境的双赢.
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选择具有典型代表的辽宁北部平原区、河北坝上农牧交错区和渭北旱塬区农田防护林为研究对象 ,以主栽树种杨树林带为研究材料 ,针对每个特定类型区的主要自然灾害因子和防护目的 ,统计分析调查研究数据 ,确定了辽宁北部、河北坝上和渭北旱塬 3类型区农田防护林可持续集约经营模型的最优经营参数 .其中林带最适疏透度分别为 0 2 5~ 0 35、0 2 0~ 0 30和 0 2 75~ 0 375 ;主林带间距分别为 45 0~ 5 0 0m、2 0 0m和 2 0 0~2 5 0m ;副林带间距分别为 5 0 0~ 10 0 0m、5 0 0m和 35 0~ 45 0m ;林带带面宽度分别为 8m、9m和 4 5~ 8m ;林带行数分别为 3~ 4、6和 2~ 4;林带树木株行距分别为 2m× 1 5~ 3m、1 5m× 1 5m和 1 5~ 3m× 1 5~ 3m ,主栽树种的防护成熟龄分别为 15~ 16a、14~ 15a和 12~ 14a ;防护成熟期分别为 10a、10~ 11a和 12~ 14a ;最佳更新方式分别为隔带更新、半带嫁接更新和隔带更新 .
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研究紫外照射条件下,土壤厚度对多环芳烃苯并[a]芘、芘光降解的影响及其动力学变化,以及土壤粒径对多环芳烃苯并[a]芘、芘和菲的光解的影响。结果表明,苯并[a]芘和芘的光降解速率与土壤厚度呈负相关,光解速率的顺序为1.0 mm>1.6 mm>2.0 mm>2.4 mm>4.0 mm,通过对实验数据的模拟土壤中苯并[a]芘和芘的光降解符合准一级动力模型;三种不同土壤粒径(分别小于1 mm、0.45 mm、0.25 mm)对多环芳烃苯并[a]芘、芘和菲的光降解有明显影响,在三种粒径范围内,PAHs的降解在小于1 mm土壤中最快,同一粒径中多环芳烃的降解速率:苯并[a]芘>芘>菲。
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应用相似性系数分析方法 ,对新疆阿尔泰山、天山和昆仑山苔藓植物区系间的相似性进行了定量研究。结果表明 :阿尔泰山与天山苔藓植物区系之间的相似性最大 ,其科、属、种的相似性系数分别为 86 .1 1 % ,6 4 .45 %和 5 0 .45 % ,表明阿尔泰山与天山苔藓植物区系有较近的亲缘关系 ;昆仑山与天山苔藓植物区系间的相似性大于它与阿尔泰山间的相似性。上述结果与对三大山地气候条件的分析结果相一致
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Very low hysteresis vanadyl-phthalocyanine/para-sexiphenyl thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated using benzocyclobutenone (BCBO) derivatives/tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)/BCBO triple gate dielectrics. The field effect mobility, on/off current ratio and threshold voltage of organic TFTs are 0.45 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), 3.5 x 10(4) and -6.8 V, respectively. To clarify the mechanism of hysteresis, devices with different dielectrics have been studied. It is found that the bottom BCBO derivatives (contact with a gate electrode) block the electron injection from a gate electrode to dielectrics.
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A series of optically active poly(ester imide)s (PEsI's) has been synthesized by the polycondensation reactions of new axially asymmetric dianhydrides, that is, (R)-2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyloxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride and (S)-2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyloxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride, and various diamines with aromatic, semiaromatic, and aliphatic structures. The polymers have inherent viscosities of 0.45-0.70 dL/g, very good solubility in common organic solvents, glass-transition temperatures of 124-290 degreesC, and good thermal stability. Wide-angle X-ray crystallography of these polymers shows no crystal diffraction. In comparison with model compounds, an enhanced optical rotatory power has been observed for the repeat unit of optically active PEsI's based on aromatic diamines, and it has been attributed to a collaborative asymmetric perturbation of chiral 1,1'-binaphthyls along the rigid backbones.
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圆二色谱 (CD)和紫外可见光谱 (UV VIS)可用来研究单克隆抗体 (McAb) 卟啉之间的相互作用。卟啉形成McAb 卟啉复合物 ,在Soret带区域最大吸收峰有显著红移和增色现象。在 3 5 0~ 45 0nm区域 ,形成复合物时能检测诱导的CD光谱。CD光谱遵守朗伯 比尔定律 ,显示等吸收行为。McAb 卟啉复合物的紫外可见吸收及诱导的CD光谱在pH 6~ 1 1的范围内保持不变 ,说明复合物异常稳定 ,也说明McAb 卟啉结合位点之间疏水相互作用是主要因素。