All-optical switching application of germano-silicate optical fiber incorporated with Ag nanocrystals

银纳米晶体掺杂的高非线性石英光纤的全光转换应用

贵金属（Au, Ag, Pt, Pd）纳米材料的可控合成及性能研究

功能化的贵金属纳米材料的设计和可控制备在材料科学研究领域引起了人们广泛的关注。贵金属纳米材料的光学、电学、磁学和催化等物理和化学性质不但与其大小有关，而且还与其形貌息息相关。因此寻求简单而有效的低温溶液合成途径以实现对贵金属纳米材料的尺寸和形貌控制尤为重要。本论文的主要研究内容可以归纳如下： (1)在水溶液中利用种子生长方法分别制备了核壳Au-Pd/Pt三金属复合纳米粒子和三层的核壳AuAg复合纳米粒子。这些纳米粒子的尺寸和组成可以通过改变金种子的加入量来加以调控。 (2)通过种子生长和取代沉积相结合的方法制备了具有金核铂/银双金属壳的铃铛状纳米粒子。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X-射线光电子能谱对所得纳米粒子的尺寸、结构和组成进行了表征。 (3)以二肽甘氨酰甘氨酸作为模板合成了具有[111]取向的单晶银纳米片。通过改变实验条件探讨了片状银纳米结构的形成机理。片状银纳米结构的产率可达到80%，反应物之间的摩尔比对产物的尺寸和形貌有至关重要的作用。 (4)将K3[Fe(CN)6]和Na2S2O3的混合溶液进行水热处理，得到了具有立方体形貌的FeIIIFeIII(CN)6（柏林绿）微晶。实验结果显示K3[Fe(CN)6]和Na2S2O3的摩尔比及其浓度对所得产物的尺寸、形貌和组成有决定性的作用。 (5)在室温下通过混合3, 3', 5, 5'-四甲基联苯胺和氯铂酸，成功合成了有机-无机杂化的纳米纤维。纳米纤维的尺寸和形状可以通过改变反应物的比和浓度加以控制。基于不同的实验结果，提出了纳米纤维的可能形成机理。

Ln-Ba-Cu-Ag-O多元复合物制备、结构及电学性质的研究

本文合成了LnBa_2Cu_(3(1-x))Ag_xO_(7-δ) (x = 0.1,0.3,0.5, Cu = Y,Dy,Ho,Er,Gd) YBa_(2(1-x))Cu_3Ag_xO_(7-δ) (x = 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6); Y_(1-x)Ag_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (x = 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5); YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x (x = 0.2～2.0), CuBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x (x = 0.5,1.0, Cu = Dy,Ho,Er)及与之对照的空白样品等一系列超导稀土复合氧化物，对它们的结构、电学性质、Ag的存在状态及Ag的加入方式进行了研究。对这方面的研究目前仍无全面系统的报道。对CuBa_2Cu_(3(1-x))Ag_xO_(7-δ)的研究表明Ag并未取代Cu的格位，少量的Ag加入（x<0.1）就使结构发生破坏，当x>0.1时样品即失去超导性，对光加Ag的YBa_(2(1-x))Cu_3Ag_(2x)Cu_3O_(7-δ)的研究表明，当x<0.6时仍为90k左右的超导体，Ag没有取代Ba的格位，Ag的加入使杂相比例加大，Ag的加入改善了样品晶粒间的弱连接状况，使电流密度明显提高，Ag以单质及复合物形式存在于样品之中。后加Ag方式对结构、电性、无影响没有提高Jc。对光加Ag的Y_(1-x)Ag_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的研究表明，x<0.5时样品仍为90k左右超导体，Ag的加入使杂相比例减少，Ag部分以单质及与13a、Cu形成对改善弱连接状有益的复合场的形式存在，部分进入晶格可能占据了Y的格位使C轴变长。Ag的加入改善了样品晶粒间的弱连接状况，从而使Jc大幅度提高，当x=0.1时Jc = 362 A/cm~2，后加Ag的方式对结构、电性、无影响没有提高Jc。对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x的研究表明，加Ag的样品的Jc比不加Ag样品的Jc明显加大，随着Ag量的加大Jc增加，当x=1时Jc最大，当Ag量大于2.0mol时将有大量Ag析出，Ag的加入不影响超导正交结构，部分Ag进入了晶格可能占据了Y的格位，C轴增长，部分以单质及复合物的形式存在，Ag的加入不影响样品的临界温度，使样品电阻降低，电镜分析表明，Ag的加入改善了样品晶粒间的连接状况。CuBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_x与上面体子有相同的性质，在加入1mol Ag得到，Jc：DyBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_(1.0) 113A/cm~2；HoBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_(1.0) 164 A/cm~2 ErBaCu_3O_(7-δ)Ag_(1.0) 177A/cm~2的样品。样品加Ag后密度明显加大，最大可达6.321克/cm~3，硬度也加大具有良好的机械性能。针对在YBaCu_3O_(7-δ)样品中添加Ag，可以做为一种大幅度提高Jc的途径的特点，进行了各种工艺探索，到目前为止，合成出了临界电流密度为570 A/cm~2的样品。

DIFFERENT INTERDIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN AG/YBA2CU3O7-X AND AL/YBA2CU3O7-X CONTACT INTERFACES

The differences between the interdiffusion characteristics of Ag/YBa2Cu3O7-x and Al/YBa2Cu3O7-x contact interfaces have been revealed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The different electrical properties of Ag/YBa2Cu3O7-x and YBa2Cu3O7-x films after high temperature treatment are well understood by the SIMS results.

Ag surface plasmon enhanced double-layer antireflection coatings for GaAs solar cells

Surface plasmon enhanced antireflection coatings for GaAs solar cells have been designed theoretically. The reflectance of double-layer antireflection coatings (ARCs) with different suspensions of Ag particles is calculated as a function of the wavelength according to the optical interference matrix and the Mie theory. The mean dielectric concept was adopted in the simulations. A significant reduction of reflectance in the spectral region from 300 to 400 nm was found to be beneficial for the design of ARCs. A new SiO_2/Ag-ZnS double-layer coating with better antireflection ability can be achieved if the particle volume fraction in ZnS is 1%-2%.

Ag生长温度对Ag/ZnO肖特基接触特性的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在Si衬底上制备了ZnO单晶体薄膜,并在不同温度下生长了Ag膜作为肖特基电极,研究了Ag与ZnO的接触特性.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和Ⅰ-Ⅴ测试方法对样品的晶体质量、结构和电学性质进行了分析.结果表明,ZnO薄膜具有高度的c轴择优取向,Ag膜随生长温度的不同的晶体质量有较大差异.样品在室温下的Ⅰ-Ⅴ测试结果表明Ag电极的生长温度对Ag/ZnO接触性能有重要影响.在150℃和200℃生长的Ag电极实现了Ag与ZnO的肖特基接触,电极生长温度低于150℃和高于200℃的样品Ag与ZnO均为欧姆接触.经过分析,肖特基接触的形成依赖于在Ag与ZnO接触界面处形成的p型反型层.

Ag/AuGeNi/n-GaSb欧姆接触的研究

研究了Ag/AuGeNi/n-GaSb在150℃─450℃下合金处理对欧姆接触的的影响,最佳合金温度为220℃,此时接触电阻率为6.7×10~(-4)Ωcm~2。用AES和XRD研究了金属半导体界面处的扩散及物相变化,并讨论了接触电阻率与微结构的关系。

nμc-Si:H/SiOx/Ag隧道背面拉触对a-Si:H太阳能电池性能的影响

国家自然科学基金

The plasmon resonance absorption of Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite films

The plasmon resonance absorption of the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite film is investigated. The measured absorption spectra are compared with those calculated by the Mie theory. The results indicate that the Mie theory on the basis of classical electrodynamics can only partially explain the optical absorption spectra of the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite film. We believe that the plasmon resonance absorption is mainly an intrinsic quality of the metal particle, and can be explained only with the electronic structure of the metal particle. In the latter, surface resonance state is introduced to systematically discuss the optical absorption spectra of the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite film. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Homogeneous Epitaxial Growth of N,N '-di(n-butyl)quinacridone Thin Films on Ag(110)

The structural evolution of the ordered N-N' dibutyl-substituted quinacridone (QA4C) multilayers (3 MLs) has been monitored in situ and in real time at various substrate temperatures using low energy electron diffraction (LEED) during organic molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Experimental results of LEED patterns clearly reveal that the structure of the multilayer strongly depends on the substrate temperature. Multilayer growth can be achieved at the substrate temperatures below 300 K, while at the higher temperatures we can only get one ordered monolayer of QA4C. Two kinds of structures, the commensurate and incommensurate one, often coexist in the QA4C multilayer. With a method of the two-step substrate temperatures, the incommensurate one can be suppressed, and the commensurate, on the other hand, more similar to the (001) plane of the QA4C bulk crystal, prevails with the layer of QA4C increasing to 3 MLs. The two structures in the multilayers are compressed slightly in comparison to the original ones in the first monolayer.

枸杞体细胞胚发生过程中Ag~+对痕量金属离子吸收的影响

以药用植物宁夏枸杞愈伤组织为材料,离体培养诱导体细胞胚发生。采用多重示踪剂和γ射线能谱分析法研究不同浓度AgNO_3处理的枸杞体细胞胚发生过程中对多种痕量金属元素离子的吸收。结果表明:(1)当AgNO_3的浓度小于50mg/L时,随着AgNO_3浓度的增加,多种痕量金属离子的吸收率也随之增加,而超过此浓度后,对多种痕量金属离子的吸收影响不同。Ag~+对痕量金属离子的吸收有协同,拮抗或竞争的作用。(2)适当浓度的AgNO_3对细胞分化及体细胞胚发生有促进作用。当AgNO_3的浓度小于50mg/L时,随着AgNO_3浓度的增加,体细胞胚的发生频率随之增加。Ag~+对枸杞体细胞胚发生表现促进作用,当AgNO_3的浓度为50mg/L时,可大大提高愈伤组织中体细胞胚发生,是对照(不加AgNO_3)组的3倍左右。而超过此浓度后,Ag~+对枸杞体细胞胚发生表现毒害作用,体细胞胚的发生受到明显抑制。

30 MeV/u~(40)Ar+~(nat)Ag反应中类弹碎片发射的时-空演化

报道了 ３０ＭｅＶ／ ｕ(４０)Ａｒ＋(ｎａｔ)Ａｇ反应中中等质量碎片（ＩＭＦ）发射时间（τ）随发射源空间大小的演化规律，并对类弹碎片的发射时空进行了讨论．结果表明，ＩＭＦ的发射时标与中等质量碎片关联函数以及发射源的核物质密度（ρ）有关，而与发射源的质量数的关系不大．对于能量较高的类弹碎片来说，在较小的核物质密度下提取的发射时间也较小，因此，在正常核物质密度参数下提取出的发射时间值可作为碎片实际发射时间的上限值．中速碎片的发射时间随密度大小的变化非常缓慢，提取出的发射时间值即可作为实际的发射时间。

Structure of upper-g(9/2)-shell nuclei and shape effect in the Ag-94 isomeric states

Using a shell model which is capable of describing the spectra of upper g(9/2)-shell nuclei close to the N = Z line, we study the structure of two isomeric states 7(+) and 21(+) in the odd-odd N = Z nucleus Ag-94. It is found that both isomeric states exhibit a large collectivity. The 7(+) state is oblately deformed, and is suggested to be a shape isomer in nature. The 21(+) state becomes isomeric because of level inversion of the 19(+) and 21(+) states due to core excitations across the N = Z = 50 shell gap. Calculation of spectroscopic quadrupole moment indicates clearly an enhancement in these states due to the core excitations. However, the present shell model calculation that produces the 19(+)-21(+) level inversion cannot accept the large-deformation picture of Mukha et al.