137 resultados para 338.064
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介绍了近年来CO2置换开采天然气水合物技术的研究进展;论述了CO2与天然气水合物中CH4置换反应在热力学上的可能性;认为正确理解置换反应机理、探索新的反应技术并提高反应速率是置换开采技术走向产业化的关键。
This paper introduces the advancement in research on replacement of CH4 from hydrate with CO2, and discusses the thermodynamic feasibility of replacment reaction between CO2 and CH4 hydrate, and points out that correct understanding of the replacement mechanism, new reaction techniques and higher reaction rate will be the key to commercial application.
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本工作用固相反方法、以炭保护或在N_2-H_2还原气氛中,两次灼烧,合成了一系列烯土取代的卤磷酸盐发光体,其反应是M_2~ICO_3 + M_3~(II)(PO_4)_2 + M_2~(III)O_3 + (NH_4)_2HPO_4 + M~(II)F_2 → M_x~IM_(10-2x)~(II)M_x~(III)(PO_4)_6F_2 + NH_3 + H_2O式中:M~I = Li~+, Na~+, K~+; M~(II) = Ca~(2+), Sr~(2+); M~(III) = Y~(3+), La~(3+), Gd~(3+); X = 0.5, 1, 2, 3。通过X-射线分析法和以Eu~(3+)作为荧光离子探针方法确定了样品的物相和晶体结构,表明它与M_(10)~(II)(PO_4)_6F_2同属六方晶系(Pb_3/m)。并用图解外推法求得样品的晶胞参数a和c分别为9.41和6.89 A。在研究了M~I, M~(II)和M~(III)为不同阳离子,X为不同值时,取代物的物相和结构变化以及对Ce~(3+)发光和能量传递影响规律的基础上,以Na_2Ca_6La_2(PO_4)_6F_2为基本体系比较详细地研究了Ce~(3+)的发光,Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+), Ce~(3+)-Re~(3+) (Re~(3+) = Pr~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Tb~(3+)、Dy~(3+)、Tm~(3+)、Ho~(3+)、Er~(3+))以及Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+) (Re~(3+) = Dy~(3+), Nd~(3+))的能量传递。实验发现,Na_2Ca_6La_2(PO_4)_6F_2:Ce~(3+)是较强的紫外光发射体,发射谱带是由338和358nm两个宽带峰组成的,相应于~2D-~2F_(5/2)和~2D-~2F_(1/2)跃迁。发射强度和~2D-~2F_(6/2),~2D-~2F_(7/2)两种辐射跃迁几率相对大小与温度,Ce~(3+)的浓度有关;F~-含量对发射强度也有强烈的影响。我们认为,浓度和温度的影响是由于Ce~(3+)-Ce~(3+)的能量迁移作用。实验发现,Ce~(3+)能有效地敏化Mn~(2+)的发光,得到高效的黄色荧光发射体。Ce~(3+)对Re~(3+)的作用可以分为三类:A). Ce~(3+)-Sm~(3+)、Tb~(3+)、Dy~(3+)、Tm~(3+);B).Ce~(3+)-Nd~(3+),Pr~(3+);C). Ce~(3+)-Ho~(3+), Er~(3+)。在A,B类型中,Ce~(3+)能有效地敏化这些稀土离子,但能量传递效率(η_T)_A > (η_T)_B。在Ce~(3+)-Ho~(3+)、Ce~(3+)-Er~(3+)类型中,Ho~(3+)、Er~(3+)不产生可见辐射,Ce~(3+)的发射强度也显著降低。在Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+)三元中心体系中,Ce~(3+)的能量可直接传递给Mn~(2+)和Re~(3+)中心,还可通过Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+)的途径传递。通过研究中心离子的浓度效应,温度效应、测定激发光谱、荧光光谱、荧光衰减曲线的荧光寿命,能够证实:在Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)、Ce~(3+)-Re~(3+)、Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+)的能量传递属于无辐射共振传递相互作用类型。符合M. Yokata等人提出的偶极-偶极相互作用扩散限制传递历程。我们还利用Ce~(3+)、Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)、Ce~(3+)-Re、Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+))-Re~(3+)激活体系中Ce~(3+)的发射强度和荧光寿命等数据计算了Ce~(3+)的能量传递效率。发现两种结果相差较大,为了准确地表达Ce~(3+)的敏化效果,在分析上了产生这种误差的原因后,提出了两种传递效率表示式(η_f, η_R)。
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通过测量1.55 μm量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的光电流随反向电压和光功率的变化关系,以及模拟能带结构、电场分布等特性,研究了量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的高功率特性.分析了光电流的产生机制,测量了1.064 μm量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的光电响应,模拟了具有不同势垒高度的量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的光电响应.从实验和模拟两方面证明了量子阱的势垒高度是影响量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器高功率特性的最主要因素.
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We reported an efficient diode pumped Nd ! YVO, 1 064 nm laser passively mode-locked and Q-switched by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror(SESAM). At the incident pump power of 7. 5 W, 2. 81 W average output power was obtained during stable CW mode locking with a repetition rate of 111 MHz. The optical conversion efficiency was 37. 5% , and the slope efficiency was 39%. So far as we know, this is the highest optical-optical conversion efficiency with a SESAM at home.
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Ultrashort pulses were generated in passively mode-locked Nd:YAG and Nd:GdVO4 lasers pumped by a pulsed laser diode with 10-Hz repetition rate. Stable mode-locked pulse trains were produced with the pulse width of 10 ps. The evolution of the mode-locked pulse was observed in the experiment and was discussed in detail. Comparing the pulse evolutions of Nd:YAG and Nd:GdVO4 lasers, we found that the buildup time of the steady-state mode-locking with semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) was relevant to the upper-state lifetime and the emission cross-section of the gain medium.
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室温下在p-Si(100)上采用直流反应磁控溅射法外延生长了ZnO薄膜。XRD测量表明了ZnO是高度c轴单一取向生长的,XRC测量则表明了ZnO的高质量。在室温下的PL测量中见到了带边发射,其强度与晶体质量有关。
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采用串联等效电路分析了较大正向电压下半导体二极管的交流电学特性,由此可以同时测量结电容和串联电阻,并能判断二极管是否有界面层。首次发现了在较低的测试频率和较大的正向电压下,GaN二极管的结电容具有负值,并且测试频率越低,正向偏压越大,负电容现象越显著。这种负电容效应可能与大正向电压下强注入造成的电子-空穴复合发光有关。
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国家自然科学基金
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A series of silicon film samples were prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) near the threshold from amorphous to nanocrystalline state by adjusting the plasma parameters and properly increasing the reactions between the hydrogen plasma and the growing surface. The microstucture of the films was studied by micro-Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The influences of the hydrogen dilution ratio of silane (R-H = [H-2]/[SiH4]) and the substrate temperature (T-s) on the microstructural and photoelectronic properties of silicon films were investigated in detail. With the increase of RH from 10 to 100, a notable improvement in the medium-range order (MRO) of the films was observed, and then the phase transition from amorphous to nanocrystalline phase occurred, which lead to the formation of diatomic hydrogen complex, H-2* and their congeries. With the increase of T-s from 150 to 275 degreesC, both the short-range order and the medium range order of the silicon films are obviously improved. The photoconductivity spectra and the light induced changes of the films show that the diphasic nc-Si/a-Si:H films with fine medium-range order present a broader light spectral response range in the longer wavelength and a lower degradation upon illumination than conventional a-Si:H films. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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森林作为陆地生态系统的主体,在碳的生物地球化学循环中起着关键的作用,因此对森林生态系统生产力的研究具有重要意义。本文以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,在2005年7月~9月对其主要优势种红松、紫椴、蒙古栎、水曲柳的生理生态学参数进行了测定,并利用单叶尺度的光合作用-气孔导度-能量平衡耦合模型,以及冠层尺度的多层模型,对单叶尺度以及冠层尺度的光合作用进行了模拟,主要的结论有: (1)长白山阔叶红松林主要优势树种红松、紫椴、蒙古栎、水曲柳的生理生态学参数:光合有效辐射吸收率a、初始量子效率α、光饱和时的最大净光合作用速率Pmax、最大的Rubisco催化反应速率Vcmax、CO2饱和时的最大净光合作用速率Jmax有着明显且不同的季节变化。7、8月水曲柳的α值最大,分别为0.077、0.064,9月紫椴的最大,为0.051。红松的Vcmax值在7、9月为四个树种中最大的,分别为:49.085、43.072μmol•m-2•s-1,8月为水曲柳最大,为66.041μmol•m-2•s-1。 (2)对优势树种单叶尺度的净光合作用速率An和气孔对CO2的导度gsc进行模拟发现:紫椴、蒙古栎、水曲柳的An、gsc的值在7~9月要大于红松,进入植物生长末期的9月则随着生理活性的下降而迅速下降,而红松则表现较为平稳且略有上升。7月蒙古栎的An、gsc的最大值最大分别为15.055μmol•m-2•s-1、0.400 mol•m-2•s-1;8月水曲柳的最大分别为22.944μmol•m-2•s-1、0.567 mol•m-2•s-1;9月紫椴的最大分别为12.045μmol•m-2•s-1、0.249 mol•m-2•s-1。 (3)通过模拟得到:长白山阔叶红松林冠层2005年8月的净光合作用速率An有着明显的日变化特征, 8月林冠的净光合作用速率最大值可以达到44.880μmol•m-2•s-1,该月白天净光合作用速率的总量可以达到23.580 mol•m-2。通过与观测值比较发现模拟结果能够较好地反映冠层光合作用的特征。