80 resultados para indole alkaloids
Resumo:
Two new bromoindole alkaloids have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the red alga Laurencia similis. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods (including 1D and 2D NMR technique), their structures have been elucidated as 2,2',5,5',6,6'-sixibromo-3, 3'-bi-1H-indole and 3, 5-dibromo-1-methylindole, respectively. (C) 2008 Xiao Bin Zhu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
To assess the medicinal value of cultural Anisodus tanguticus,the contents of four bioactive tropane alkaloids,anisodine,anisodamine,scopolamine and atropine,in cultural and wild materials were determined by the HPLC method.The results showed that content of each alkaloid in the aboveground parts of cultural and wild samples was lower than that in roots,and this explained why it was not the whole plant but the root that was used as medicinal materials.The content of each alkaloid in the roots of one-year cultural material was lower than that in the two-year plants.The discrepancy of the total of four alkaloids between one-year and wild plants is not significant.Moreover,the total of four alkaloids,and the contents of anisodine,scopolamine,and atropine in two-year plants were higher than those in wild plant.Thus there is medicinal value in the cultivated A.tanguticus as well as wild A.tanguticus,especially in the two-year cultural A.tanguticus.
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An accurate capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the determination of dissociation constants of five Strychnos alkaloids from Strychnos nux-vomica L. The method relies on measuring the effective mobility of the solute as a function of the buffer pH. The mathematical relationship was strictly derived from the fundamental electrophoresis theory and the dissociation equilibrium of a weak base without any simplifications. Careful optimization of the running buffer permitted base-line resolution of the five structurally similar alkaloids.
Resumo:
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method has been developed for investigating the physicochemical characteristics of five Strychnos alkaloids in Strychnos nux-vomica L. Firstly, the dissociation constants of the five Strychnos alkaloids were determined, based on the relation between the effective mobility of the solutes and the buffer pH. The mathematical relationship was strictly deduced from the fundamental electrophoretic theory and the dissociation equilibrium. Secondly, an equation describing the relation between the migration time of alkaloids of similar structure and their molecular weights was developed and used to predict the migration order and to calculate the electrosomotic velocity. The results predicted by the theory agreed with those from experiments.
Resumo:
本实验用喷施6-BA和茎切生根的方法建立了一套德国鸢尾快速分株繁殖的体系。用3 000 mg/L 或5 000 mg/L 的6-BA 对德国鸢尾(Iris germanica)‘lovely again’进行单次喷施可以促进根茎芽的萌发和根状茎的形成。在喷施后的30 天到90 天内,BA的促进作用在具有2个或4个起始根状茎的植株上表现得很显著,但对于只有一个起始根状茎的植株不显著。在喷施后的150 天以及第二年,具有2个或4个起始根状茎的母株总体上比只具有1个起始根状茎的母株产生了更多的根状茎。而6-BA的喷施对母株的叶面积和叶片数变化没有显著影响。在早春时,把处于不同发育阶段的侧芽或小根茎从母株上取下,并且用不同浓度的IBA处理。总体上,处于较高发育阶段的茎切(芽切)在生根率、初级根和次级根的数目,总根长、根干重以及植株高度等测量指标方面的表现较好。IBA对德国鸢尾的茎切(芽切)的生根作用不显著。多次喷施6-BA 对德国鸢尾根茎芽的生出的促进作用显著,并且使生物量重新分配。连续喷施6-BA后,对内源生长素和细胞分裂素的连续测定结果表明,6-BA的作用主要是解除了顶端优势对侧芽的萌发和生长的抑制,从而形成新的根茎。
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预计到本世纪末,大气CO2浓度将会增加到540~970ppm,大气CO2浓度升高所引起的全球气候变化已经受到广泛的关注。植物生长依赖CO2,并且对大气CO2浓度升高在结构和生理上产生响应。目前已有大量报道,从生态系统、群落、种群、个体、器官、组织、生理以及生化等水平上研究高浓度CO2所对植物产生的影响。但是有关高浓度CO2对植物有性生殖影响的报道却很少,同时多数实验均建立在短期的生殖响应,忽视了植物在长期高CO2浓度下具有的反馈作用和CO2浓度变化对植物的驯化作用。植物有性生殖与其生态适应性和农作物籽粒产量的关系极为密切;同时,植物有性生殖特性的变化,也可作为预测植物对全球气候变化响应的重要指标之一。为此,利用高浓度CO2对植物进行长期选择实验将很有必要。研究结果将为预测未来大气CO2浓度增加的条件下陆地生态系统的演变趋势、全球变化对植物有性生殖响应的方式和机制提供新的思路和有效方法。 在本研究中,我们以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)作为实验材料,利用370和700ppm CO2对其进行连续8个世代处理,首先研究高浓度CO2对每一个世代的拟南芥有性生殖特性的影响,然后比较各个世代中各种生殖特性指标变化的规律,从细胞、组织和个体尺度上揭示拟南芥有性生殖对全球变化的响应模式。此外,在700ppm CO2处理下,我们对拟南芥叶片生理、生化以及结构的变化进行了相关研究。两部分研究结果及主要结论如下: 首先,在每一个世代中,与370ppm CO2相比较,700ppm CO2处理显著促进了拟南芥开花,缩短生长周期,增加花、角果及种子等生殖的产量,降低种子N含量,提高种子C/N比、种子千粒重以及生殖生物量所占总生物量的比例等,而对种子萌发率、角果所含种子数目以及角果长度则无显著影响。但是, 通过对相同CO2浓度处理条件下,不同世代之间的研究结果比较发现,不同世代之间相关的生殖生物学指标并无显著差异。 其次,高浓度CO2显著降低叶片气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔导度以及蒸腾速率。在高浓度CO2处理下,叶肉细胞中叶绿体数目、叶绿体宽度和表观面积、淀粉粒大小和数量、叶片和细胞壁厚度等都显著增加,但是基粒内囊体膜的数量却显著下降。叶片中碳水化合物如可溶性总糖、淀粉以及纤维素含量在高浓度CO2下分别显著增加71.9%、78.7% 和 22.3%。此外,在高浓度CO2处理下,叶片中多数激素如如吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)、玉米素核苷(zeatin riboside, ZR)、二氢玉米素核苷(dihydrozeatin riboside, DHZR)和异戊烯基腺苷(isopentenyl adenosine, iPA)均都显著地增加,而脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)含量却有所下降。最后,叶片中各种矿物质元素含量如N、P、K、Ca和Mg等含量在高浓度CO2处理下也都显著下降,而C/N比增加24.8%。 以上结果表明: (1) 在每一个世代中,700ppm CO2处理对拟南芥各种有性生殖特性具有显著的影响,但是高浓度CO2处理对植物所引起的效应在多个世代以内并不能够传递给后代,所以在多个有性生殖世代内,高浓度CO2处理对植物生长、生殖没有驯化作用。 (2) 在高浓度CO2处理下,拟南芥叶片中叶绿体超微结构的变化,可能主要是由于叶绿体中淀粉粒数量和体积大小显著增加而引起。 (3) 在高浓度CO2处理下,由于拟南芥叶片内与促进细胞分裂与伸长的激素含量显著增加,从而对拟南芥植株生长发育速率的提高起了重要的作用。 (4) 拟南芥生长在高浓度CO2条件下,其叶片中各种矿质元素含量(如N、P、K、Ca和Mg)均显著降低,究其原因可能是,第一由于叶片中碳水化合物含量的显著增加而对矿物质元素具有稀释作用;第二由于蒸腾速率下降,引起矿质元素从根部随着蒸腾流运输到地上部分的含量相应减少。
Resumo:
利用电喷雾串联质谱(ESI-MSn)系统地研究了乌头属植物和中药煎煮液中的乌头碱型生物碱的质谱行为。实验表明,ESI-MSn不仅是一种灵敏的药用植物中乌头生物碱的分析方法,也是研究中药配伍规律和阐释中药复方合理内涵的有效工具。低能诱导碰撞解离肠导下,具有乌头碱骨架类型的生物碱断裂规律相似:丢失C8乙酰基或长链脂肪酰基是它们在MSZ中的特征断裂,在MS3和MS4中丢失1-4CH3OH,1-3H2O,CO,BzOH,CH3(N)或C2H5(N)是其他所有可能的断裂方式,并且结构的微小差别也能在串联质谱中得到反映。利用这些规律分析了生附子、生草乌、生草乌花、生白山草乌和制雪上一支蒿中的生物碱,我们不仅发现所有已知的化合物,还部分表征了50余种新化合物,其中具有15C,17C,19C和ZOC饱和或不饱和脂肪酰基,以10-OH-中乌头碱和10-OH-乌头碱为骨架的脂碱以及三脂型脂碱为首次在乌头属植物中发现。该结果提出了脂类生物碱在乌头属植物中普遍存在的可能性。另一方面,我们发现中药煎煮液具有缓冲溶液的性质,酸性和糖是影响剧毒性双酯型生物碱水解的两个因素。在pH5.0-5.5和糖的存在下,大部分双酯型生物碱水解为苯甲酰单酯型生物碱,少部分被转为脂碱,在pH2.8到3.5之间(半夏等与附子禁用中药煎煮液的pH),双酯型生物碱十分稳定,既不水解,也不转为脂碱。这样,我们不仅解释了传统中医药配伍理论的合理内涵,也表明她可能.存在着不足。此外,脂碱难溶于水,大部分脂碱煎煮后仍残留在药材组织中。最后,为评价脂碱的抗癌效果,我们用在水相下合成了8-棕榈酰-苯甲酰乌头原碱,体外实验表明,0.001mg/ml的8-棕榈酰-苯甲酰乌头原碱对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和黑色素瘤细胞B16即具有很强的杀伤作用,并且提示它们可能具有不同的作用机制。
Resumo:
首先,利用现代软电离质谱技术--一电喷雾质谱技术以及电喷雾源内碰撞诱导解离(CID)技术,对传统中药--一黄连中的生物碱类化合物小聚碱及其同分异构体表小粟碱化合物的质谱碎裂机理进行了详细研究,实验结果表明,随着碰撞能量的变化,两者的质谱碎裂规律具有明显的差异,据此,建立了简便、快速、准确的小巢碱和表小聚碱两种同分异构体化合物区分的质谱新方法,为该类药材及其相应的中药制剂的质控提供了有效的手段和方法。其次,还利用电喷雾多级串联质谱(ESI-MSn)技术,系统地研究了传统中药--一黄连中生物碱类化合物的质谱碎裂规律,我们通过一级质谱的数据,获得了黄连中生物碱类化合物的分子量信息,并对其中五个已知的生物碱进行了初步的确认,同时,通过一级质谱的结果,首次在黄连中发现的分子量为366的未知生物碱类化合物,并通过电喷雾多级串联质谱技术对上述六种化合物的结构进行了详细的研究,结合标准样品的串联质谱数据和文献资料,确认了五个已知的生物碱类化合物分别为小粟碱、巴马汀、药根碱、黄连碱和13-甲基小桨碱,并推断未知生物碱类化合物为13-甲基巴马汀,建立了黄连中生物碱类化合物简便、快速的质谱分析表征新方法,并为其他传统中药中生物碱类化合物的分析与表征积累了重要的理论数据,更重要的是建立了传统中药中未知生物碱类化合物确认和结构分析的质谱方法。此外,还利用量子化学DFT-B3LYP方法,6-31G(d)基组,详细研究了传统中药黄连中小璧碱分子的质谱碎片的相对稳定性。并通过对结合能的理论计算,探讨 质谱碎裂过程中关键基团的相对活性。结合几何参数比较和前线分子轨道分析等方法,从理论上解释了小聚碱化合物的质谱碎裂规律的合理性、分子结构特征及基团活性等,为研究该化合物的药效作用机理,以及药物分子的全合成提供理论依据。同时,还利用电喷雾质谱和薄层层析等方法,对含有黄连的传统复方--一半夏泻心汤进行了初步的考察研究,通过复方中黄连的阴、阳性溶液对比分析,发现在半夏泻心汤中主要的生物碱类化合物,如:小聚碱、巴马汀、药跟碱、黄连碱在复方煎煮过程中在仅仅表现在数量的变化,而没有质的变化,进一步揭示了在半夏泻心汤复方中黄连中的生物碱类化合物的变化规律,为阐明传统复方的药效物质基础提供了科学依据。最后,确定了黄连中生物碱类化合物的毛细管电泳分析的最佳条件,并对黄连中小粟碱化合物进行了定量分析研究,建立了生物碱类化合物毛细管电泳分析的新方法。
Resumo:
电喷雾质谱是一种软电离技术,生物碱分子中均含有氮原子,具有很高的质子亲合势和气相碱度,特别适合电喷雾质谱分析。本文利用电喷雾质谱系统研究了乌头属的几种植物中二菇类生物碱的质谱行为。并且对中药复方中的生物碱成分的化学变化进行探讨,在串联质谱中,乌头碱类生物碱的裂解方式相似。双酷型、三醋型、脂类生物碱在MS2中容易丢失C8乙酸或长链脂肪酸形成特征子离子峰,在进一步CID谱中,在C15位失去CO为其特征。但是单酷型生物碱在串联质谱中碎裂方式与上述几种生物碱有很大差别,例如,在MSZ中主要失去甲醇,还会失去C3位经基,但是不会失去CS轻基。利用这些规律分析了附子及草乌中的生物碱,发现了多种具有特殊取代基的新化合物。以电喷雾质谱为检测手段分析了附子在炮制过程中的成分变化;并且发现了分离提取脂类生物碱的方法。高乌头中的生物碱以C18型为主,同时也包含少量C19乌头碱骨架的生物碱。这两种类型的生物碱在串联质谱中的碎裂规律相似,都容易失去取代基,而生物碱骨架比较稳定,难以碎裂。但是不同位置的取代基失去时所形成的子离子的丰度有很大差别,经过串联质谱可以获取重要的结构信息。并且通过串联质谱确定了刺乌头碱环糊精的包合位点,更正了文献中的错误。关白附的CZ。型海替生型生物碱在串联质谱中的行为与上述生物碱相似,容易失去取代基,但是在失去取代基的同时,常常伴随骨架中C-C键的断裂。由于这些生物碱的结构存在较强的规律,所以很容易表征其中的结构相似的新生物碱。另一方面,我们发现导致白术与附子配伍将导致共煎液中有毒生物碱成分增加,从而解释了八味地黄丸与人参汤导致中毒的原因。并且通过对八味地黄汤的配伍研究,发现起解毒作用的药材为山茱英,解毒机理为抑制了有毒生物碱的溶出。方中的山药能够抑制双酷型生物碱的水解。
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链霉菌是十分重要的一类放线菌,绝大多数的抗生素都由该类细菌产生。毛壳属真菌是一类重要的丝状真菌,从中也发现有很多结构新颖、活性独特的活性物质。因此本论文对两株链霉菌的活性成分及一株金毛壳菌的次生代谢产物进行了研究。 1.从吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus 1.358)液态发酵产物(乙酸乙酯提取物)中分离得到3个化合物,通过波谱方法鉴定为RK955A (1)、Nigericin(2)、Elaiophylin(3)。以青霉素耐药-金黄色葡萄球菌作为指示菌的抗菌活性测定表明,三者均具有较强抗菌活性。 2.通过抗肿瘤体外活性筛选模型筛选得到得到一株链霉属土壤放线菌,从中分离得到六个化合物:苯乙酰胺(4)、苯丙酰胺(5)、肉桂酰胺(6)、3-(N-(甲酰胺基)乙酰基)吲哚(7)、鸟苷磷酸(8)、鸟苷(9)。 3.从金色毛壳菌(Chaetomium aureus)的固态培养物中分离得到13个化合物,利用波谱方法将其鉴定为:金毛壳菌素A(10)、金毛壳菌素B(11)、Eugenetin(12)、Eugenitol(13)、Chaetoquadrin A(14)、Chaetoquadrin B(15)、Chaetoquadrin G(16)、Chaetoquadrin H(17)、Chaetochromin A(18)、Sterigmatocystin(19)、O-methylsterigmatocystin(20)、3β-羟基-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯(21)和过氧麦角甾醇(22)。 4.综述了聚醚类抗生素的结构、生物合成、生物活性及作用机理。 The genus Streptomyces (Actinomycetes) is an important group of microbe. Most antibiotics known nowdays are discovered from species of Streptomyces. The fungi of the genus Chaetomium have attracted much attention because various kinds of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities have been found from them. Thus, the bioactive compounds from two strains of Streptomyces and the secondary metabolites of Chaetomium aureus were investigated. 1. Three compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. They are identified to be elaiophylin (1), nigericin (2), and antibiotic RK955A (3) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 possess antibacterial activities against Staphyloccocus aureus. 2. It was found that the extract of the fermented broth of a strain of Actinomycetes could inhibit some tumor cel lines. Separation of the bioactive fraction led to the isolation of six compounds. They were characterized to be phenylacetamide (4), phenylpropylamide (5), trans-cinnamamide (6), 3- (N- (formylmethyl) acetamide) indole (7), guanylicacid (8), and guanosine (9). 3. From the fermented broth of Chaetomium aureus, 13 compounds were isolated for the first time. They were determined to be chaetomiumycin A (10), chaetomiumycin B (11), eugenetin (12), eugenitol (13), chaetoquadrin A (14), chaetoquadrin B (15), chaetoquadrin G (16), chaetoquadrin H (17), chaetochromin A (18), sterigmatocystin (19), O-methylsterigmatocystin (20), 3β-hydroxyergosta-5, 7, 22-triene (21) and peroxy-ergosterol (22). Compounds 10 and 11 are new ones. 4. Structure, biosynthesis, biological activity, and mechanisms of polyether antibiotics were reviewed.
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本学位论文共有5章。第一章报道白芍的化学成分及芍药苷的微生物转化研究成果;第二章报道天山雪莲的化学成分研究;第三章报道两面针的化学成分研究;第四章报道通关藤的化学成分研究成果;第五章概述了花椒属植物中最近十年报道的新化合物及药理研究情况。 在第1章的第一部分报道了白芍(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)的化学成分。我们采用正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从白芍的干燥根中共分离出14个化合物,其中1个为新化合物,其结构通过波谱分析证实为没食子酰白芍苷,另外还有2个为首次从该植物中分离得到。第二部分报道了芍药苷的微生物转化生产芍药苷代谢素-I的研究,从15株厌氧菌中筛选出10株有转化活性的菌株,其中短乳杆菌Lactobacillus brevis AS1.12的转化活性最好,对其转化条件进行了初步的筛选,确定了相对合理的转化工艺。 在第2章报道了天山雪莲(Saussurea involucrate Kar.et Kir.)全草乙醇提取物化学成分的分离纯化和结构鉴定。通过正、反相硅胶柱层析等分离纯化和MS、NMR等波谱解析,共分离鉴定了28个化合物,结构类型分属于黄酮、倍半萜和木脂素等,其中2个新倍半萜化合物的结构分别表征为6α-羟基云木香酸6-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和11βH-11,13-二氢去氢云木香内酯8α-O-(6′-乙酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。 第3章报道了两面针(Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.)DC.)干燥根的乙醇提取物化学成分的分离纯化和结构鉴定。通过正、反相硅胶柱层析等分离纯化和MS、NMR等波谱解析以及X-射线单晶衍射,共分离鉴定了16个生物碱,结构类型分属于苯并啡啶类、喹啉类和阿朴啡类等,其中2个新苯并啡啶类生物碱的结构分别表征为二聚双氢两面针碱和丙酮基双氢崖定椒碱。 第4章报道了通关藤(Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn.)水提取物化学成分的分离纯化和结构鉴定。通过正、反相硅胶柱层析等分离纯化和MS、NMR等波谱解析以及X-射线单晶衍射,共分离鉴定了14个化合物,结构类型均属于C21多羟基甾醇,其中4个新化合物tenacigenoside A, tenacigenoside B, tenacigenoside C和tenacigenoside D的结构分别表征为3-O-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-17β-tenacigenin B (62), 3-O-2,6- dideoxy-4-O-methyl-D-lyxo-hexopyranosly-11α-O- methylbutyryl-12β-O-acetyl-tenacigenin B (63), 3-O-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D- allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α-O-tigloyl-tenacigenin C (64)和3-O-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α-O-2- methylbutyryl-tenacigenin C (65)。 第5章概述了花椒属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展。 This dissertation consists of 5 chapters. The first chapter elaborate the phytochemical investigation of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and microbial transformation of paeoniforin. The second, third and four chapters elaborate the phytochemical investigation of Saussurea involucrate Kar.et Kir., Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. and Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn., respectively. Chapter 5 is a review on chemical constituents and bioactivities of Zanthoxylum species. The part one of chapter 1 focus on the isolation and identification of chemical constituents from P. lactiflora. Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots of P. lactiflora by repeat column chromatography over normal and reversed phase silica gel. Among them, one is a new compound and the structure was suggested as galloyl-albiflorin by spectral evidence. In addition, two compounds were firstly reported in this plant. The part 2 is about microbial transformation of paeoniforin. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 were isolations and identifications of chemical constituents from S. involucrate, Z. nitidum and M. tenacissima, respectively. From the aerial parts of S. involucrate, 28 compounds including 7 flavonoids and 13 sesquiterpenoids were isolated and identified. Among them, 2 new compounds were characterized as 6α-hydroxycostic acid 6-β-D-glucoside and 11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydro- costuslactone 8α-O-(6'-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside, respectively, by means of spectroscopic analysis. Otherwise, 11 ones were firstly reported from this plant. The third chapter is about the phytochemical investigation of Z. nitidum. Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, 2 new benzophenanthridine alkaloids were characterized as 8-acetonyldihydrofagaridine and 1,3-bis(8-dihydronitidinyl)-acetone by spectroscopic analysis. The fourth chapter is about the phytochemical investigation of M. tenacissima. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, 4 new compounds, tenacigenosides A~D, were characterized as 3-O-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-17β- tenacigenin B, 3-O-2,6-dideoxy-4-O-methyl-D-lyxo-hexopyranosly-11α-O-methyl butyryl-12β-O-acetyl-tenacigenin B, 3-O-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl- (1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α-O-tigloyl-tenacigenin C, and 3-O-6-deoxy-3-O- methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α-O-2-methylbutyryl- tenacigenin C. Chapter 5 is a review on recent progress in bioactive constituents from plants of Zanthoxylum species.
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本论文由四部分组成。第一部分报道了佛手参提取物的化学成分研究,建立了活性成分含量测定的高效液相测定和指纹图谱研究,采用液质联用技术鉴定了主要色谱峰;第二部分报道了丹参及其复方制剂的特征图谱研究;第三部分探讨了两面针生物碱的电喷雾质谱裂解规律,并采用液质联用技术分离鉴定了提取物中的多种生物碱。第四部分概述了液质联用在药物代谢研究中的运用。 第一部分包括第一、第二和第三章。第一章针对佛手参(Gymnadeniaconopsea)块茎的甲醇提取物,采用大孔树脂和反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,共分离鉴定出4 个化合物,通过波谱分析将它们的结构确定为dactylorhin B (1)、loroglossin (2)、dactylorhin A (3)和militarine (4)。这4 个化合物均是首次从佛手参中分离得到的琥珀酸葡萄糖苷类成分。第二章采用高效液相色谱法对西藏、四川、河北、青海和尼泊尔等不同地区产的十个佛手参样品进行腺嘌呤核苷和对羟基苯甲醇的定量分析,结果表明这2 个成份可视为佛手参的特征成分,但也注意到产地不同该2 个特征成分的含量也有所不同。第三章采用标准中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件,以10 个佛手参样品HPLC 图谱的平均值为相似性评价对照模板,对10 个样品进行了相似度评价,并经液质联用分析指认了7 个共有峰,分别为腺嘌呤核苷(1)、对羟基苯甲醇(2)、对羟基苯甲醛(3) 、dactylorhin B(4) 、loroglossin(5)、dactylorhin A(6)和militarine(7)。 第二部分包括第四、第五、第六和第七章。第四章运用电喷雾质谱检测了对照药材和五个不同产地的丹参药材中脂溶性和水溶性成分,系统地探讨了多种成分的电喷雾质谱规律,并以对照药材为标准建立了特征指纹图谱。五个产地的药II材通过与对照药材相对比,采用聚类分析的方法,得到了定性的鉴别与判断。并采用液质联用技术对丹参药材提取液中的化学成份进行分析,推测了九个特征峰,并对六样品的液相色谱图进行了聚类分析。第五章探讨了三七皂苷的电喷雾质谱电离和裂解规律,并采用电喷雾质谱法对三七标准药材,血通片中的皂苷成分进行了分析。第六章运用电喷雾质谱研究复方丹参片提取液的特征图谱,并和单味药材丹参和三七的特征图谱进行了对比研究。并运用HPLC-ESI MSn 分析鉴定了复方丹参片提取液中的化学成分,推测了12 个色谱峰。第七章总结了电喷雾质谱和液质联用技术在丹参药材,三七药材及复方丹参制剂中的运用的优势和局限性。 第三部分(第八章)研究了两面针生物碱中二氢白屈菜红碱(1)、二氢两面针碱(2)、8-酮基二氢白屈菜红碱(3)、8-丙酮基二氢两面针碱(4)、两面针碱(5)、和1,3-二(8-二氢两面针碱)丙酮(6)等六个苯并菲啶型生物碱的电喷雾质谱裂解规律,其中二氢两面针碱和二氢白屈菜红碱,8-丙酮基二氢两面针碱和8-酮基二氢白屈菜红碱是两对二个甲氧基分别在C-9 和C-10,C-10 和C-11 的同分异构体。实验结果表明,在相同的碰撞能下,这类位置异构体的ESI MS2 质谱二级碎片离子的相对峰度存在很大差异,这可以用于区分该类同分异构体,采用液-质联用可以对两面针的总生物碱提取物中的这些同分异构体加于区分。同时在本实验采用的液相色谱条件下,多种生物碱得到较好的分离,通过和对照品的保留时间,紫外吸收光谱及电喷雾质谱图对照,鉴定了11 个主要色谱峰。 第四部分(第九章)对液质联用技术在药物代谢中的运用进行了综述。 This dissertation consisted of four sections. The first two sections elaborated thephytochemical investigation of the rhizomes Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br., methoddevelopment for rapid identifying and qutifying the chemical condtituent of thistibetant medicine, and the chemical fingerprint analysis of rhizomes of G. conopsea,Salviae miltiorrhiza and P. notoginseng. The third section studied the fragmentationmechanism of six alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidium and method development forrapid identifying varieties of alkaloids from the extract of this herbal medicine. Thefourth section reviewed HPLC- MS method in drug metabolism studies. The first section consisted of chapters 1, 2, 3. Chapter 1 elaborated the phytochemicalinvestigation of Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br. Four succinate derivative esters wereisolated from the methanol extract of the rhizomes of G. conopsea through repeatedcolumn chromatography on normal and reversed phase silica gel, their structures weredetermined by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR evidence. They were firstly discoveredfrom this species. In chapter 2, a high-performance liquid chromatography.diodearray detection (HPLC-DAD) method has been firstly developed for quantitation oftwo characteristic constituents, adenosine and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, from theextract of rhizomes of G. conopsea. All 10 samples of G. conopsea contained differentamount of adenosine and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Adenosine and the4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol can be applied in identification and quality control for theroots of G. conopsea. In chapter 3, a high-performance liquid chromatography.diodearray detection.tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MSn) method has been firstly developed for chemical fingerprint analysis of rhizomes of G. conopsea andrapid identification of major compounds in the fingerprints. Comparing the UV andMS spectra with those of authentic compounds, seven main peaks in the fingerprintswere identified as adenosine, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde,dactylorhin B, loroglossin, dactylorhin A and militarine. The Computer AidedSimilarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TraditionalChinese Medicine (CASES) was employed to evaluate the similarities of 10 samplesof the rhizomes of G. conopsea collected from Sichuan, Qinghai and Hebei provincesand Tibet autonomous region of China, and Nepal. These samples from differentsources had similar chemical fingerprints to each other. The second section consisted of chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7. In chapter 4,both thecharacteristic spectra of liposoluble tanshinones and aqueous-soluble salvianolic acidswere established by the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS)technique and the differences between standard and crude rhizomes of Salviaemiltiorrhiza Bge. from 5 sources were analyzed. The law of electrospray ion trap mass(ESI ITMS) of typical tanshinones and salvianolic acids is studied.The analysis of the chemical constituent of rhizomes of Salviae miltiorrhiza Bge. byliquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrum (LC/MS) technique wasestablished,and the distances among standard herb and crude herb from 5 sourceswere calculated by clustering analysis. According the DAD spectra and MS2 data,9tanshinones could be speculated. In chapter 5, the character spectra of total saponinsin P. notoginseng extracts were established by ESI ITMS and selective ion monitoring(SIM) technology. The law of notoginsenosides by ESI MS2 was studied. In chapter 6,the characteristic spectra of Compound Danshen Tablet established and compared byESI-MS and HPLC/DAD/MS, 6 known tanshinones and 3 saponins were speculated.In chapter 7, the advantage and disadvantage of the strategy, using the ESI ITMS andLC/MS techniques for study of characteristic spetra of danshen and Compound Danshen Tablet, were summerized. The third section (chapter 8) studied the fragmentation mechanism of six alkaloids,dihydronitidine, dihydrochelerythrine, 8-acetonyl dihydronitidine,8-acetonyldrochelerythrine, nitidine and 1,3-bis (8-dihydronitidinyl)-acetone, by ESIMSn. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments indicated that different substitutionsites of the methoxyl groups at C-9 and C-10 or at C-10 and C-11 determined thedifferent abundances of the MS2 fragmentation ions using the same collision energy.According to the different abundances of MS2 product ions, positional isomericbenzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloids can be differentiated. Moreover, ten constituents inthe crude alkaloids extract from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidium were rapidlyidentified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem massspectrometry (HPLC-MSn), through comparing the retention times and ESI MSn spectra with the authentic standards. The fourth section (chapter 9) is a review on HPLC-MS method development in drug metabolism studies.