两个雌核发育白鲢群体同工酶分析及遗传标记的确定

取源于武汉两个不同渔场两尾白鲢的卵子，经紫外照射遗传物质失活的鲤鱼精子刺激雌核发育和热休克诱导第二极体保留的基因组操作技术，获得了两个不同的人工雌核发育白鲢群体。采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳技术，分析了这两个不同人工雌核发育白鲢群体（分别称为Hy－G1和Hy－G2）内不同个体的肝脏、肌肉组织以及红细胞中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、酯酶（EST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等几种同工酶的表达谱式，并与普通繁殖的同龄白鲢进行了比较。结果表明，各个雌核发育白鲢群体内不同个体间的酶谱表现出很大程度的一

Effects of tetrabrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecanes in single and complex exposure to hepatoma HepG2 cells

This study was designed to determine cytotoxic effects of PBDE-47 and HBCDs individually or with a mixture of both compounds exposure to Hep G2 cells. The results showed PBDE-47 and HBCDs induced increase of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, release of NO. dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential and cell apoptosis. Exposure to HBCDs induced ROS formation. Moreover, preincubation with PTIO (NO scavanger) and N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavanger) partially reversed cytotoxic effects of these compounds. The possible mechanism is that PBDE-47 and HBCDs could boost generation of NO and/or ROS, impact mitochondria, and result in start-ups of apoptosis program. Cells exposed to mixture of both compounds and each of them showed non-apoptotic rate significant difference, but the combination of them caused more adverse effects on cells. These results Suggest that PBDE-47 and HBCDs in single and complex exposure have the cytotoxic activity of anti-proliferation and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

C1q-like inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis and controls normal hernatopoiesis during zebrafish embryogenesis

Except for the complement C1q, the immunological functions of other C1q family members have remained unclear. Here we describe zebrafish C1q-like, whose transcription and translation display a uniform distribution in early embryos, and are restricted to mid-hind brain and eye in later embryos. In vitro studies showed that C1q-like could inhibit the apoptosis induced by ActD and CHX in EPC cells, through repressing caspase 3/9 activities. Moreover, its physiological roles were studied by morpholino-mediated knockdown in zebrafish embryogenesis. In comparison with control embryos, the C1q-like knockdown embryos display obvious defects in the head and cramofacial development mediated through p53-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by the in vitro transcribed C1q-like mRNA or p53 MO co-injection. TUNEL assays revealed extensive cell death, and caspase 3/9 activity measurement also revealed about two folds increase in C1q-like morphant embryos, which was inhibited by p53 MO co-injection. Real-time quantitative PCR showed the up-regulation expression of several apoptosis regulators such as p53, mdm2, p21, Box and caspase 3, and down-regulation expression of hbae1 in the C1q-like morphant embryos. Knockdown of C1q-like in zebrafish embryos decreased hemoglobin production and impaired the organization of mesencephalic vein and other brain blood vessels. Interestingly, exposure of zebrafish embryos to UV resulted in an increase in mRNA expression of C1q-like, whereas over-expression of C1q-like was not enough resist to the damage. Furthermore, C1q-like transcription was up-regulated in response to pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila, and embryo survival significantly decreased in the C1q-like morphants after exposure to the bacteria. The data suggested that C1q-like might play an antiapoptotic and protective role in inhibiting p53-dependent and caspase 3/9-mediated apoptosis during embryogenesis, especially in the brain development, and C1q-like should be a novel regulator of cell survival during zebrafish embryogenesis. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Constitutive expression of thymidylate synthase from LCDV-C induces a transformed phenotype in fish cells

Thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme in DNA synthesis and repair, plays a key role in the events of cell cycle regulation and tumor formation. Here, an investigation was presented about subcellular location and biological function of viral TS from lymphocystis disease virus from China (LCDV-C) in fish cells. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that LCDV-C TS was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm in fish cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that LCDV-C TS promoted cell cycle progression into S and G2/M phase in the constitutive expressed cells. As a result, the cells have a faster growth rate compared with the control cells as revealed by cell growth curves. For foci assay, the TS-expressed cells gave rise to foci 4-5 weeks after incubation. Microscopic examination of the TS-induced foci revealed multilayered growth and crisscross morphology characteristic of transformed cells. Moreover, LCDV-C TS predisposed the transfected cells to acquire an anchorage-independent phenotype and could grow in 0.3% soft agar. So the data reveal LCDV-C TS is sufficient to induce a transformed phenotype in fish cells in vitro and exhibits its potential ability in cell transformation. To our knowledge, it is the first report on viral TS sequences associated with transforming activity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

基于神经计算机的高速数据通道设计

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官能化共轭树枝状大分子的合成及其性能研究

共轭树枝状大分子在电致发光、薄膜晶体管、非线性光学以及光合成过程人工模拟中具有潜在的应用前景。然而，为了实现上述应用，我们需要探讨新的合成方法和更深入地探讨树枝状大分子内部电子或能量的传输过程。本人在王佛松院士和王献红研究员的悉心指导下，对官能化苯乙炔树枝状大分子的合成及性质进行了初步的研究。主要工作总结如下：一、采用新的合成方案合成苯乙炔树枝状大分子。利用树脂固载的重复“收敛／发散”的合成方案合成高溶解性苯乙炔类树枝状大分子，每次重复后，代数以2的指数次方在增长、每一步的分离纯化都是相当容易的，产物只需充分冲洗，即可达到分离纯化的目的，克服了收敛和发散中存在的缺陷。这个方案的另一个重要进步在于其中心及末梢都容易官能化，在其中心或末端连上不同的电活性或光活性基团可实现这种树枝大分子的多方面应用。二、氧化还原活性的苯乙炔树枝状大分子的合成。将苯乙炔树状大分子的中心键合上具有氧化还原活性的二茂铁基团，得到一代、二代、四代电活性树枝状大分子。三、氧化还原活性的苯乙炔树枝大分子的电化学性质。对所合成的一代、二代、四代电活性树枝状大分子进行计时安培方法和循环伏安测试分别得到扩散系数D_0和标准电子转移速率常数k_0，它们都随着树枝状大分子代数的增长呈现明显的衰减现象。通过电化学方法揭示了随着树枝状大分子代数的增加，电极与氧化还原电对之间的电子转移呈现了明显的衰减关系。树枝状大分子Fc-G1, Fc-G2和Fc-G4的计算机优化构象表明随着代数的增长氧化还原电对被包埋得更加紧密，这种包埋程度的差异强烈地影响了氧化还原电对与电极之间的电子传输速率。

官能化苯乙炔共轭树枝状分子的合成及表征

纳米结构及其潜在应用引起的广泛兴趣使树枝状大分子化学的研究迅速发展。本论文开展了官能化苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成、电化学性质及自组装的初步研究，主要工作总结如下：一、末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成和电化学性质我们采用树脂固载的"收敛／发散"的合成方案合成了第一、二代末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子。然后通过偶联将其转化为中心为氨基，末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子NH2-Gl-（NO2）2，NH2-G2-（NO2）4以及中心为二茂铁、末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子Fc一Gl一（N。2）2。循环伏安方法测试了各树枝状分子的电化学性质。二、中心为乙酞疏基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成和自组装通过树脂固载的"收敛／发散"的合成方案得到的第一、二代末端为三甲基硅的苯乙炔树枝状分子，和第一、二代末端为硝基的苯乙炔树枝状分子，均采用偶联方法在中心修饰上乙酞琉基，得到树枝状分子AcS一Gl一（SiMe_3）_2，Acs－G2-（SiMe_3）_4，AcS-Gl-（NO_2）_2和AcS-G2-（NO_2）_4。然后将它们分别组装在金电极上，通过循环伏安和交流阻抗法研究了修饰后电极表面的钝化行为。三、末端为氨基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成为了模拟生物分子并探索苯乙炔树枝状分子在传感器方面的应用，我们尝试合成中心为乙酞疏基末端为氨基的苯乙炔树枝状分子，讨论并得到了末端为氨基的苯乙炔树枝状分子的合成方案。

重组人内皮抑素的基因表达与表征

内皮抑素具有抑制内皮细胞增殖和抗肿瘤新生血管生成活性，在小鼠实验中对多种肿瘤取得了有效的结果，有望成为一种新型抗肿瘤药物。本论文从基因的获取到在大肠杆菌中的高效表达，系统地研究了重组内皮抑素的全过程，并对其体内、体外的生物学活性及多种光谱学性质进行了深入的研究。采用Trizol试剂改进法从人胚肝组织中制备细胞mR NA，通过RT-PCR方法获得人内皮抑素基因。应用基因工程技术构建了亚克隆载体和表达载体，在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中以包涵体方式表达出N-末端带有6XHisTag标签的融合蛋白，表达量最多达到菌体总蛋白的42％。建立了包涵体蛋白的复性和纯化方法，得到具有较高纯度的重组内皮抑素蛋白。首次用质谱法证实从大肠杆菌的包涵体中获得的重组蛋白，因宿主菌中水解甲硫氨酸的酶不能对所有包涵体蛋白起作用，而在目的蛋白中会棍有N-末端具有甲硫氨酸的产物。对内皮抑素基因做定点突变，首次将内皮抑素蛋白的N-末端锌离子结合位点的的His2、His4突变成Leu2、Va14，构建了点突变的亚克隆载体，为以后研究其作用机理提供了条件。重组内皮抑素能够抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成和人脐静脉内皮细胞ECV-304的增殖，在小鼠体内实验中对黑色素瘤产生良好的抑瘤效果（P＜0.01）。通过细胞周期分析，首次发现重组内皮抑素在G2期抑制 ECV-304细胞的增殖。电镜观察发现受内皮抑素作用的ECV-304细胞，产生了凋亡小体并出现多种细胞凋亡特征。同时，首次发现内皮抑素能使Balb／c 3T3细胞产生凋亡。计算机结构模拟结果表明重组内皮抑素蛋白与天然蛋白具有相似的空间结构。研究了内皮抑素与锌离子、肝素、稀土离子作用后蛋白质的光谱学性质和二级结构的变化，首次发现偏酸性pH对肝素与内皮抑素的结合作用有特殊影响，为研究内皮抑素特异抑制肿瘤组织新生血管的生成提供了实验依据。从人胚肝组织出发初步完成了人硒蛋白P亚克隆载体的构建。

丁腈羟聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络高聚物的制备、形态和T_g转变行为的研究

采用同步法合成了丁腈羟聚氨酯[PU(HTBN)]/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)互穿网络高聚物(IPN)，丁腈羟(HTBN)以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)固化，PMMA的交联剂为二甲基丙烯酸-缩乙二醇酯(DEGDMA)。用H－500型电子显微镜(TEM)观察形态，用DDV－II型粘弹谱仪测定动态力学谱。实验结果表明，提高任一组分交联程度，均使体系的“强迫互容”性增加，PMMA相区可从3000～6000 A变成1000 A左右，加入与HTBN等当量的三羟甲基丙烷（TMP），或在DEGDMA用量为MMA重量的2％时，样品表现出两相连续性都较大的形态，两个T_g转变峰之间的Tanδ值也较高。提高腈其含量，可增加体系的化学相容性。当HTBN中丙烯腈含量约为24％时，表现为半相容体系。样品的Tanδ值在－20～＋120 ℃范围内，均在0.2～0.3上下，PMMA相区为200 A左右。在半相容体系中，“强迫互容”性对T_g较变行为和形态均有较明显影响。样品在动态力学谱上有两个转变峰，T_(g1)和T_(g2)，T_(g1)是PU（HTBN）的T_g转变，T_(g2)是PMMA的T_g转变。我们发现某些样品出现T_(g2)高于PMMA的T_g现象。通过对简化体系的研究表明，此现象与MMA跟HTBN上双键的反应有关，反应条件较激烈或1,2结构含量较高时，T_(g2)升高的幅度也较大。我们还制得一些阻尼特性较好的样品，它们具有用做吸振材料的可能性。

正交晶系结构相角二价表达式的代数推导及其在晶体结构测定中的应用

本文用代数方法推导了正交晶系五十九个空间群的结构半不变量相同的二价表达式。就每一个空间群都得出了一系列公式。在222点群中的空间群都有形如以下三式的公式：E_(2h+2h';2k+2k'.0) = (N~(3/2)/g1)<(-1)~(α1)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.1) E_(2h+2h'0.2α+α) = (N~(3/2)/g2)<(-1)~(α2)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.2) E_(0.2h+2h'2α+2α) = (N~(3/2)/g3)<(-1)~(α3)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.3) 其中g_i, α_i (i = 1, 2, 3) 与具体空间群有关。在mm2点群中的空间群都可得出六个公式，在mmm点群中的空间群都可得出二十八个公式。首先按照从低级到高级的顺序，将PT，P_(21)，P(2/N),C_(2/c)空间群的二价代数表达式进行了应用，然后将P_(2,2,2),P(na21)空间群的二价代数表达式进行了应用。由于未找到mmm点群空间群的结构实例，故为mmm点群空间群的公式未予应用附加地，推导了四方晶系I_(42a),I_(41/a)两空间群的公式，对I_(42a)的公式也进行了应用，由应用结果可得出：（一）代数方法推导的思路和数学方法是验证正确的，在含有主原子的结构中，由强度量算法的二十至三十个相角基本与正确值吻合（一般只有一、二个不等）。（二）在代数方法计算的同时，也进行了概率Σ_4元素的计算，可以得出，代数方法速度要快得多，特别是正交晶系中，时间上的优势更突出，数据剔除的依据也更比概率Σ_4关系明显。（三）代数方法在含有重原子的结构中比只含轻原子的结构中好用。这种特点和概率Σ_4关系一样。另外，和论文题目独立地，在低温条件下作者测定了杂多酸K_(11)[DY(SiMo_(11)O_(39))_2],28H_2O的晶体结构，晶体属单斜晶系的P_(21/n)空间群，Z = 4， 晶格参数为：a = 17.256(3), b = 26.817(4), C = 21.797(4)A, β = 104.39(1)°，最后的R = 0.0637。

平台式FPGA中可重构存储器模块的设计

可重构静态存储器(SRAM)模块是场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的重要组成部分,它必须尽量满足用户不同的需要,所以要有良好的可重构性能.本文设计了一款深亚微米工艺下的16-kb的高速,低功耗双端口可重构SRAM.它可以重构成16Kx1,8Kx2,4Kx4,2Kx8,1Kx16和512x32六种不同的工作模式.基于不同的配置选择,此SRAM可以配置为双端口SRAM,单端口SRAM,ROM,FIFO,大的查找表或移位寄存器,本文完整介绍了该SRAM的设计方法,重点介绍了一种新颖的存储单元电路结构:三端口存储单元,以及用于实现可重构功能的电路的设计方法.

An Improvement on 2× 2 Silicon-on-Insulator Mach-Zehnder Thermo-Optical Switch

An improved 2 ×2 silicon-on-insulator Mach-Zehnder thermo-optical switch is designed and fabricated, which is based on strongly guided multimode interference couplers and single- mode phase-shifting arms. The multimode interference couplers and input/output waveguides are deeply etched to improve coupler performances and coupler-waveguide coupling efficiencies. However, shallow etching is used in the phase-shifting arms to guarantee single-mode property. The strongly guided coupler presents an attractive uniformity about 0. 03 dB and a low propagation loss of -0.6 dB. The 2× 2 switch shows an insertion loss as low as -6.8 dB, where the fiber-waveguide coupling loss of -4.3 dB is included, and the response-time is measured as short as 6.8 μs, which are much better than our previous results.

Smaller Ge Quantum Dots Obtained by ArF Excimer Laser Annealing

Ge self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) are grown with a self-assembled UHV/CVD epitaxy system. Then,the as-grown Ge quantum dots are annealed by ArF excimer laser. In the ultra-shot laser pulse duration,～20ns, bulk diffusion is forbidden, and only surface diffusion occurs, resulting in a laser induced quantum dot (LIQD). The diameter of the LIQD is 20～25nm which is much smaller than the as-grown dot and the LIQD has a higher density of about 6 × 10~(10)cm~(-2). The surface morphology evolution is investigated by AFM.

解理面预处理方法对二次外延的影响

利用超晶格解理面方法制备定位生长的InAs量子线．首先以分子束外延技术在GaAs衬底上生长GaAs／AlGaAs超晶格，然后将样品取出外延系统进行解理，对解理面进行预处理之后在（110）解理面上进行二次外延．实验结果显示超晶格解理面的预处理方法对二次外延有重大影响，其中择优腐蚀比自然氧化更有利于量子线的定位生长，过高温度的脱氧除气会导致解理面的GaAs部分出现坑状结构，表明（110）面上的Ga原子容易脱附．同时，Ga原子在（110）面上的迁移长度比较大，原子的择优扩散方向为[001-bar]方向．

硅基光电子学研究进展与趋势

近年来硅基光电子材料和器件受到高度的重视.利用外延生长和键合技术成功研制出硅基应变赝衬底、GexSi1-x/Si量子阱、高密度锗量子点、硅基InGaAsP/Si异质结,这些进展为硅基光电子器件提供了坚实的材料基础.同CMOS工艺相结合,实现了硅量子点1.17 μm的受激发射,研制出硅基Raman激光器、1.55 μm混合型激光器、高灵敏度的Si/Ge探测器、谐振腔增强型的SiGe光电二极管、调制频率30 GHz的SOI CMOS光学调制器和16×16的SOI光开关阵列等.硅光电子学将在光通信、光计算等领域获得重要应用.本文综述了国内外硅基光电子材料和器件的进展、我们的研究结果和硅基光电子学的发展趋势.