80 resultados para John 20:1-18
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顺-1,4聚丁二烯橡胶是合成橡胶中的第二大品种,具有耐磨、生热低等的优点,一贯是轮胎胎面胶的重要组成部分。但随着子午线轮胎的出现和大量使用,对母胶强度和轮胎的耐湿滑性提出了更高的要求,而利用应力下结晶有可能提高母胶强度,为此我们开展了合成含少量反-1,4聚丁二烯链烯链段的顺-1,4-聚丁二烯橡胶的研究。本文报导了它的合成、(金+监)认及生胶、母胶和硫化胶的性能。合成中我们试探了既能使丁二烯反-1,4聚合和顺-1,4聚合,又能使内双键打开的钒和钴的络合催化体系,采用以钒催化剂先使丁二烯反-1,4聚合,在达到转化率10-20%时,以钴催化剂将剩余的丁二烯进行顺-1,4聚合的步骤,再寄于同时发生催化接枝的想法来实现反-1,4-聚丁二烯链段和顺-1,4聚丁二烯链段的共聚合。实验中考查了合成的条件,对得到的产物用溶解度法、扭摆测定动态力学行为,X射线衍射分析、电镜分析以及线膨胀等手段和以等量的反-1,4聚丁二烯和顺-1,4聚丁二烯的共混胶进行了对比,证明我们得到的产物是反-1,4聚丁二烯链段和顺-1,4聚丁二烯的接枝共聚物,不是无规共聚物,也不是两种均聚物的共混胶。文中讨论了聚合反应机理。对含有不同反-1,4链段和分子量的共聚胶的生胶性能,混炼胶性能进行了初步考察,结果表明,特性粘数([η])_(甲苯)~(30℃)在2(分升/克)左右,含反-1,4链段9-20%的顺丁共聚胶,不含凝胶,其生胶强度和混炼胶强度较镍顺丁橡胶高一倍以上,挤出行为特好。看来这种共聚胶将为子午线轮胎所欢迎的新顺丁品种。对这种胶的硫化配方和硫化条件条件尚待进一步研究。初步结果表明,可与一般顺丁橡胶接近,而抗撕性能又比一般顺丁高。利用本工作的实验方法制备不同结构链段的共聚胶还不多见。因此,除了工作本身研制成了一种新的顺丁品种外,对利用本方法,改善其他橡胶品种,设计研制新的高分子和研究反应机理走出了一条新路。
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顺丁橡胶在一般条件下素炼很难降解。本工作发现使用在低温下多次薄通的方法,可以制备分子量大的级分明显减少而分子量小的级分却基本不变,分布往分子量小的级分为向变窄(图1-1和表1-2)的顺丁橡胶的降解样品,包括橡胶和稀土胶两个品种。利用这些样品可以研究减少长链分子对改善流变行为的效应。研究方法采用多速锥板粘度计和毛细管流变仪从从流动曲线、挤出物外观和挤出物的弹性回复性三个方面去表征样品的流变性能,包括生胶和炭里混炼胶两种。生胶经消除一部分分子量大的分子之后,挤出物出现破裂的临界切速r_c推迟出现(图1-2),弹性回复性变小,表现在挤出物膨大比B和Bayley入口校正系数m都变小(图1-7和图1-5,1-6)。两个门尼值都是36.5的生胶样品具有不同的流变性质(表1-5),说明门尼粘度未必能够有效地反映出橡胶的加工性能。在炭黑混炼胶的结构的研究方面,测定了炭黑凝胶含量和可溶胶的分子量分布;发现炭黑优先吸附分子量大的级分,而支化分子又都是分子量大的,因而可溶胶不仅分子量变小,分布往分子量小的方向变窄(图1-9),而且支化分子也基本上消除,表现在GPC的测试的[η]_算 = [η]_测,而含有支化分子的原生胶则[η]_算 > [η]_测(比较表1-6和表1-2)。长链分子附着于面料黑上,不仅使真正参与形变的可溶胶(碳黑子会形变)的体积分数减小,而且使可溶胶的分子量变小,共弹性效应必然减弱。因此,炭黑混炼胶和生胶比较,共流变性能得到明显改善:挤出物外观光滑、γ_c推迟到10~3秒~(-1)以上才出现(比较图1-17、1-18和图1-3,1-4);B值和m值都明显减小(表1-8和图1-13)。炭黑在混炼胶中起增粘作用,但增粘作用随着切变速率的增大而减弱(图1-10,1-11)。对于这个现象,本文用部分分子链从炭黑表面上脱附去解释。从文中各图表的数据,可以看到少量长链分子就足以不利于橡胶的流动;长链分子容易和其他分子链缠结,少量就足以增加弹性效应,因而影响流动,这是可以理解的。消除长链分子是改善顺丁橡胶加工性能的一个重要途径。第二部分分子量对炭黑-橡胶吸附作用的影响 本工作以GPC分离出的各级分顺丁橡胶作为单分散试样,由生胶和黑胶中的可溶胶在同一级分的重量分数的变化,通过公式(2-1)计算出炭黑吸附的胶量即炭量凝胶值。这样,在较宽范围内,定量地研究了分子量对炭黑-橡胶吸附作用的影响,提出了炭黑凝胶值A和分子量M的关系式:A=Ke~(-b/M)(2-2)(图2-3)。实验表明,Ni和稀土两种顺丁橡胶有相同的b值,但K则取决于炭黑的结构和用量(表2-3)。如果橡胶在配炼中不发生降解,可以从公式(2-2)出发,导出对于一般多分散炭里混炼胶样品中可溶胶的分子量及分子量分布的计算公式[式(2-5)、(2-6)、(2-7)]。公式计算值和GPC实测值的一致性较好(图2-5,2-6和表2-4)。
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部分水解高分子量聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM),因其稀溶液粘度很大,被广泛应用于三次采油中作为“活性水”驱油的粘度调节剂,以提高石油的采收率(EOR)。但HPAM的耐盐性、耐温性和贮存稳定性不好,如在电解质的水溶液中的粘度效应明显降低,这些缺点影响了它的使用效果。改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成是聚合物采油中的重要研究课题。我们合成和表征了端丙烯酰胺基聚(β-胺基丙酸)(AMPAE)和2-丙烯酰胺基十六烷磺酸(AMC _(11)S)两种新型共聚单体,并用无规共聚的方法获得了耐盐性、耐热性和贮存稳定性有不同程度改善的新型改性聚丙烯酰胺。1、端丙烯酰胺基聚(β-胺基丙酸)的合成和结构表征。在加有自由基阻聚剂的惰性溶剂中,以叔丁醇钠为引发剂可使丙烯酰胺发生氢转移聚合反应,合成新型大分子单体端丙烯酰胺基聚(β-胺基丙酸)对所合成的分子单体我们用~1H-NMR和IR进行了表征;用端基滴定法和~1H-NMR法测定了大分子单体的分子量;用~(13)C-NMR和NaoH水解法测定了大分子单体的支化度。2、2-丙烯酰胺基十六烷磺酸(AMC_(16)S)的合成和结构表征。丙烯腈、2-烯烃(L_5-L_(18))和发烟硫作用可合成N-烷基磺酸基取代的丙烯酰胺衍生物。我们用~1H-NMR谱可对1-正十六烯得到的产物进行了表征,确定了该化合物的明确结构式,并首次给出了该化合物的质谱图。酸值,溴值和元素分析的结果与所确定的结构式相符。3、丙烯酰胺、端丙烯酰胺基聚(β-胺基丙酸)和丙烯酸钠三元共聚物(AM-AMPAE-ANa)的合成。表征及其溶液性质。以硫酸亚铁/异丙苯过氧化氢氧化还原引发体系合成了不同组成的AM-AMPAE-ANa无规共聚物。经用乙醇:水(体积比) = 20:1的混合溶剂萃取纯制过的样品用IR、~1H-NMR进行了表征;通过~1H-NMR和滴定法测定了共聚的组成;用粘度法估算了共聚物的表观分子量。溶液性质的数据表明,该共聚物的耐盐性比HPAM的耐盐性有所改善,但在2% Nacl溶液中,它的耐温性能比HPAM的耐温性能差,该共聚物有着好的贮存稳定性。4、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺基十六烷磺酸铵共聚物(AM-AMC_(16)SNH_4)的合成,表征及其溶液性质。以硫酸亚铁/异丙苯过氧化氢氧化还原引发体系合成了不同组成的AM-AMC_(16)SNH_4无规共聚物,经乙醇萃取纯制过的样品,用IR、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR和元素分析进行了表征;通过样品的S和N元素的含量计算了共聚物的组成;用光散射法测定了共聚物在溶液中的表观分子量;用透射电镜观察了共聚物在不同溶剂中的形态。实验结果表明,共聚物分子在水溶液中存在着一定程度的疏水基因间的缔合作用。溶液性质的数据可以看出,AM-AMC_(16)SNH_4共聚物有着很高的粘度盐水保留值(BR)且有着良好的耐温性和贮存稳定性,是一种性能较好的新型改性聚丙烯酰胺。
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于2010-11-23批量导入
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用光荧光谱(PL)研究了GaN_xAs_(1-x)/GaAs单量子阱(SQW)的光跃迁性质和带阶。通过研究积分荧光强度与激发强度的关系及光谱峰值位置与温度的关系,发现GaN_xAs_(1-x)/GaAs单量子阱中的发光是本征带-带跃迁,并且低温发光是局域激子发光。通过自洽计算发现它的导带带阶(ΔE_c)与氮含量的关系不是纯粹的线性关系,其平均变化速率(0.110eV/N%)比文献中报道的要慢得多(0.156~0.175eV/N%),此外发现Q_c(=ΔE_c/ΔE_g)随氮含量的变化很小,可以用Q_c≈x~(0.25)来表示。还研究了GaN_xAs_(1-x)/GaAs单量子阱中氮含量的变化对能带弯曲参数(b)的影响。
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于2010-11-23批量导入
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于2010-11-23批量导入
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本论文采用第三代超分子受体化合物——磺化硫杂杯芳烃(简称TCAS)作为活性组分,将其加载到树脂载体上,制成一种新型的TCAS吸附树脂。借助红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振和电喷雾质谱等检测分析手段对TCAS吸附树脂及其制备的中间产物进行表征。采用静态批试验方法研究发现TCAS吸附树脂对重金属和卤代烃类有机物都有较好的吸附去除效果,其对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+和Zn2+四种重金属的吸附容量分别达到26.32mg•g-1、18.12mg•g-1、12.24mg•g-1和6.85mg•g-1;对二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯四种卤代烃的吸附容量分别为9.23 mg•g-1、7.92 mg•g-1、6.73 mg•g-1和4.34 mg•g-1。并发现温度、树脂用量和溶液pH值等因素能影响TCAS吸附树脂的吸附去除效果。同时研究了TCAS吸附树脂对污染物的吸附优先性规律、动力学规律和热力学规律。采用化学计量学分析TCAS络合重金属的紫外光谱,获得了TCAS-重金属络合物的纯紫外光谱,以及TCAS、TCAS-重金属络合物随重金属浓度变化的分布曲线,并最终解析得到TCAS与Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的络合常数(lgβ)分别为9.79、8.72、6.87和5.00。通过多次吸附试验,考察了TCAS吸附树脂回收循环利用的可行性,发现TCAS吸附树脂可进行多次循环回收再利用。
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本论文对滇金足草(Goldfussia yunnanensis)、凋缨菊(Camchaya loloana)和长喙吴萸(Evodia vestia)的化学成分进行了研究,通过色谱分离得到40个化合物。主要基于波谱数据鉴定了它们的结构,其中10个为新化合物。 1.从滇金足草地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了16个化合物:泽漆内酯A(1)、18-羟基泽漆内酯A(2)、18-氧代泽漆内酯A(3)、18-羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A(4)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A(5)、3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖-泽漆内酯A(6)、6-E-肉桂酰哈巴俄苷(7)、E-哈巴俄苷(8)、5,6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11)、齐墩果酸(12)、肉桂酸(13)、麦角固醇(14)、硬脂酸(15)和丁二酸(16)。其中2-7为新化合物。5,6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷(9)以人工产物形式得到。 2.从凋缨菊地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:凋缨菊内酯A~C (17-19)、1β-乙酰基凋缨菊内酯C(20)、b-谷甾醇(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11)、羽扇豆醇(21)、桦木醇(22)、桦木酸(23)、芥子醇(24)、紫丁香苷(25)、咖啡酸(26)和熊果酸(27)。其中化合物17-20为桉叶烷内酯类新化合物。化合物17、18、20对细胞株HepG2的GI50依次为7.80、7.08、4.99 µg/mL。 3.从长喙吴萸(E. vestia)地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:佛手内酯(28)、花椒毒素(29)、异茴芹内酯(30)、七叶内酯(31)、东莨宕素(32)、瑞香素(33)、异紫花前胡内酯(34)、茵芋碱(35)、山刈碱(36)、白鲜碱(37)、黄柏酮(38)、柠檬苦素(39)和对羟基苯甲醛(40)。 4.综述了1990—2007年期间从菊科植物中发现的桉叶烷-12,6内酯的化学结构、生物活性、生物转化及化学合成方面的研究进展。 Phytochemical investigation on Goldfussia yunnanensis, Camchaya loloana, and Evodia vestia, led to the isolation of 40 compounds, 10 of which were new ones. 1. Six new compounds were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of G. yunnanensis, and identified as 18-hydroxyhelioscopinolide A (2), 18-oxohelioscopinolide A (3), 18-hydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (5),3-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl helioscopinolide A (6), 6-O-trans-cinnamoyl E-harpagoside (7). The known compounds isolated were helioscopinolide A (1), E-harpagoside A (8), 5,6-isopropylidene E-harpagoside A (9), β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), oleanolic acid (12), cinnamic acid (13), ergosterol (14), stearic acid (15) and succinic acid (16). Compound 9 was an artifact. 2. Four new compounds, loloanolides A – C (17 - 19) and 1β-acetoxy-loloanolide C (20), were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of C. loloana. The known ones were β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), lupeol (21), betulin (22), betulinic acid (23), sinapyl (24), syringin (25), caffeic acid (26) and ursolic acid (27). The GI50 values of compounds 17, 18 and 20 to HepG2 cell line were 7.80, 7.08 and 4.99 µg/mL, respectively. 3. Thirteen were isolated from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of E. vestia for the first time. They were determined to be bergapten (28), xanthotoxin (29), isopimpinellin (30), esculetin (31), scopoletin (32), daphnetin (33), marmesin (34), skimmianine (35), confusameline (36), dictamine (37), obacunone (38), limonin (39) and p-hydroxy phenyl aldehyde (40). 4. The structures, biological activities, biotransformation and chemical syntheses of eudesmane-12, 6-olides from the Asteraceae during 1990-2007 were reviewed.
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本文对禄春安息香(Styrax macranthus)种子和攀援孔药花(Porandra scandens)全草的化学成分进行了研究,共获得30个化合物,其中2个为新化合物。 从禄春安息香种子95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了12个化合物,其中2个新化合物鉴定为3-[7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl) benzofuran-5-yl] propyl 3-[7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-yl] propanoate (1) 和去甲氧基-egonol-龙胆双糖甙 (2);已知化合物分别为2-(3,4-二氧亚甲基苯基)-5-甲酰基-7-甲氧基-苯并呋喃 (3)、egonol (4)、去甲氧基-egonol (5)、去甲基-egonol (6)、egonol-葡萄糖甙 (7)、egonol-龙胆双糖甙 (8)、egonol-龙胆三糖甙 (9)、豆甾醇 (10)、二十四烷酸 1-甘油酯 (11) 和胡萝卜甙 (12)。生物活性测试发现,化合物2具有促进雌激素E2合成的作用。 从攀援孔药花全草95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了19个化合物:(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基-二十一烷酰基氨基]-二十一烷-1,3,4-三醇 (13)、(2S,3S,4R)–2–二十四烷酰基氨基-十八烷-1,3,4-三醇 (14)、胡萝卜甙 (12)、β-谷甾醇 (15)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇 (16)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮 (17)、十六烷酸 1-甘油酯 (18)、桦木酸 (19)、大黄素 (20)、二十二烷酸 1-甘油酯 (21)、对羟基苯甲醛 (22)、十七烷酸 1-甘油酯 (23)、金色酰胺醇乙酸酯(24)、十九烷酸 1-甘油酯 (25)、棕榈酸 (26)、(E)-p-香豆酸 (27)、(22E,24S)-24-麦角甾醇-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇 (28)、2-去氧-β-蜕皮激素 (29)和auranamide (30)。 综述了近十年来发现的2-芳基苯并呋喃类新木脂素的结构特征、来源、生物活性和化学全合成。 Phytochemical investigation on the seeds of Styrax macranthus and the whole plants of Porandra scandens led to the isolation of thirty compounds, two of which were new ones. Two new 2-aryl benzofuran derivatives, 3-[7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl) benzofuran-5-yl]propyl 3-[7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzo furan-5-yl]propanoate (1) and demethoxy egonol gentiobioside (2), were isolated from the 95% aqueous ethanolic extract of the seeds of Styrax macranthus, together with 7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde (3), egonol (4), demethoxy egonol (5), demethyl egonol (6), egonol glucoside (7), egonol gentiobioside (8), egonol gentiotrioside (9), stigmasterol (10), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl tetracosoate (11), and daucosterol (12). In vitro test, compound 2 promote the synthesis of estrogen E2. Nineteen compounds were isolated from the 95% aqueous ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Porandra scandens for the first time. Their structures were identified as (2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-heneicosanoylamino]-1,3,4- heneicosanetriol (13), (2S,3S,4R)-2-tetracosanoylamino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (14), daucosterol (15), β-sitosterol (12), (20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-diene- 3β-ol (16), 6β-hydroxylstigmast-4-en-3-one (17), 1-glycerol-1-hexadecoate (18), betulinic acid (19), emodin (20), 1-glycerol-1-docosoate (21), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (22), 1-glycerol-1-heptadecoate (23), aurantiamide acetate (24), 1-glycerol-1- nonadecoate (25), palmatic acid (26), (E)-p-coumaric acid (27), (22E,24S)- 24-metbylcbolesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (28), 2-deoxycrustecdysone (29), and auranamide (30). The characteristic, natural resource, bioactivity, and the total synthesis of 2-aryl benzofurans were reviewed.
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本学位论文由5 章组成。第1 章报道了两头尖中三萜皂苷类化合物的全扫描电喷雾多级质谱分析及银莲花素A 的电喷雾质谱裂解规律;第2 和3 章报道了两种银莲花属药用植物化学成分的研究结果;第4 章报道了银莲花素A 的化学结构修饰及其对一种蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶(PTP-1B)的抑制活性;第5 章综述了电喷雾质谱在皂苷类化合物结构鉴定中的应用进展。 第1 章报道了运用全扫描电喷雾多级质谱对两头尖中三萜皂苷类化合物的快速定性检测,共检测出18 个准分子离子峰,根据多级质谱数据并结合文献报道,对其中的15 个准分子离子峰进行了归属,并区分了一些同分异构体;更有意思的是,发现了3 个未见文献报道的三萜皂苷类化合物。根据它们的多级质谱数据,对其结构分别进行了初步解析。本章同时对银莲花素A 特殊的质谱裂解途径通过衍生物制备及其质谱分析进行了确认。 第2 和3 章,分别报道了两头尖和打破碗花花中水溶性多糖苷的分离纯化和结构鉴定。采用D101 大孔树脂和反复硅胶柱层析等分离手段,从两头尖水溶性部分分离得到8 个三萜皂苷类化合物,通过红外、电喷雾质谱和核磁共振等现代谱学方法,并结合传统的化学手段鉴定了它们的结构,其中4 个化合物为新化合物,分别命名为多被银莲花皂苷19、多被银莲花皂苷20、多被银莲花皂苷21和多被银莲花皂苷22。从打破碗花花水溶性部位分离得到6 个三萜皂苷类化合物,通过现代谱学手段,并结合传统的化学方法对它们进行了鉴定,其中1 个为新化合物,命名为打破碗花花苷H。 第4 章报道了以银莲花素A 及其同系物为先导化合物,进行化学结构修饰并对修饰产物进行广泛的生物活性筛选,发现在银莲花素A 及其同系物的结构中引入一些酸性基团后,其生物活性发生了变化,一些修饰产物显示出很强的PTP-1B 抑制作用,提示这些化合物有可能用于治疗II 型糖尿病。 第5 章综述了电喷雾多级质谱用于皂苷类化合物结构鉴定的研究进展。 This dissertation composes of five chapters. The first chapter elaborates the detection and qualification of the triterpenoidal saponins in Anemone raddeana by positive and negative full scan ESI-MSn. This part also reports the special fragmentation pathway of Raddeanin A by ESI-MS/MS. The second and third chapters present the phytochemical investigation of two medicinal plants from Anemone. The fourth part dwells on the structure modification of Raddeanin A and their inhibitory activity against PTP-1B. The last part is a review on the progress in the application of ESI-MSn in the structure identification of saponins. The first chapter reports the application of full scan ESI-MSn for fast analysis of triterpenoid saponins in Anemone raddeana. Eighteen quasi- molecular ion peaks were detected in the positive full scan ESI-MS and fifteen of them were identified by analysis of their tandem mass spectral data in the negative ion mode. Several isomers were differentiated. More interesting, three unreported triterpenoid saponins in this medicinal plant were detected and their structures were deduced according to the dissociation pathway of the known triterpenoidal saponins. This chapter also confirms the special fragmentation pathway of Raddeanin A by its derivative and the mass spectral analysis. The second and third chapters expatiate on the isolation and identification of the chemical constituents from A. raddeana and A. hupehensis. Eight compounds were isolated from the roots and stems of A. raddeana by methanol extraction and repeated column chromatography (including D101 and silica gel), and their structures were determined on the basis of IR, ESI-MS, NMR and chemical methods (including acid hydrolysis and alkaline saponification). Among them, four are new triterpenoid saponins and named as Raddeanoside R19, Raddeanoside R20, Raddeanoside R21 and Raddeanoside R22. Six compounds were isolated from the whole plants of A. hupehensis by the same methods as above, and their structures were also determined with the same way. One of them was confirmed to be new triterpenoid saponins and named as hupehensis saponin H. In the fourth chapter, in order to look for new active compounds, the structure of Raddeanin A and its analogs were modified. It was found that the modified products exhibited obvious inhibitory activity against PTP-1B when several acid groups were introduced. The fifth chapter summarizes the progress on the application of ESI-MSn in the structure identification of saponins.
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活性污泥法是目前世界上普遍应用的污水生物处理工艺,其在运行过程中产生大量的剩余污泥。由于剩余污泥处理费用巨大及污泥最终处置对环境具有潜在危害问题,污泥的处理和处置已经成为水处理领域关注的焦点。本文利用实验室筛选的溶胞菌群,在好氧消化的同时对污泥进行前处理,促进剩余污泥的破解与溶胞,再通过两相厌氧处理对污泥进行进一步消化,以研究投加溶胞菌对剩余污泥消化的影响。 本研究中溶胞菌污泥减量化技术分为两个部分,第一,污泥在溶胞菌作用下的好氧消化与污泥传统好氧消化的对比研究,利用取自成都三瓦窑污水处理厂剩余污泥,向好氧污泥消化反应器中投加溶胞菌,检测各项污泥指标,并通过同传统好氧污泥消化对比,以研究溶胞菌对污泥好氧消化的影响。第二, 经过溶胞菌处理后好氧消化的剩余污泥进行两相厌氧处理研究。通过建立好氧溶胞联合两相厌氧消化系统的来处理剩余污泥,并与相同条件运行的两相厌氧消化系统做对比,检测运行过程中系统中物质成分变化,研究了其处理能力和运行稳定性,探索了两相厌氧消化系统中的发酵类型差别,验证了好氧溶胞对剩余污泥的破解效果。 研究结果表明:污泥在溶胞菌作用下的好氧消化效果和消化效率均优于传统好氧消化。在溶胞菌群存在的情况下,剩余污泥的TSS和VSS去除率达到40%和53%,远高于传统好氧消化的12%和20%。污泥经过溶胞及好氧消化后,TCOD去除率达到54.4%。经过溶胞菌处理后的剩余污泥再进入两相厌氧处理系统,进入厌氧处理系统的剩余污泥的VSS/TSS比值约为0.62。在两相厌氧处理水力停留时间(HRT)为8d时,溶胞处理污泥厌氧消化后VSS去除率达到55.17%,对照组两相厌氧系统的VSS去除率平均值为18.53%。经过溶胞处理的两相厌氧系统的污泥减量了能力远高于对照组。两相厌氧系统的pH值和碱度说明系统运行较为稳定。产酸相的有机酸中乙酸含量高于丙酸和丁酸,说明发酵末端产物以乙酸为主。在20天的试验周期内,污泥溶胞处理后、两相厌氧系统产甲烷相产气量累积产气量为1.2L,对照组只有375ml。气体中甲烷含量都在55%左右。该研究结果表明,好氧溶胞对污泥有破解能力,溶胞处理对两相厌氧中产酸相水解污泥细胞有明显的促进作用,提高了产酸相的水解酸化能力和效率。该研究对于利用生物溶胞途径提高污泥消化效率具有重要意义。 The actived sludge process has been used more and more extensively, but the procedure will lead to a large quantity of excess sludge. The treatment of Excess activated sludge has becomes a focuses not only for it is a seriously negative effect on environment but also for the costly disposal comes subsequently. The cell lysing bacterium was keeped in our lab to joined in the digestion of the excess activated sludge which was carrying at the same time with pre-processing of sludge to investigated the influence of cell lysing bacterium on excess sludge. There are two part in the method of cell lysing bacterium digesting sludge technology, the first, comparison of excess sludge digestion between anaerobic Cell-lysing Pretreatment and Conventional Aerobic Process. The sludge which was collected from San Wanyao disposal plant in Chengdu was thrown into the aerobic process system with cell-lysing bacterium, then, the indexes were detected to compare the difference between the cell-lysing bacterium in aerobic process and the traditional method to determine the influence of cell-lysing bacterium on aerobic process ; The second, the research on the sludge which was pro-treated with cell-lysing and aerobic digestion in the diphase of anaerobic digestion system. The system of cell-lysing combined with diphase of anaerobic digesting was created to compare to the diphase of anaerobic digested system, the changes of mass constituent was detected to study the ability and steady of disposal. Moreover, the research explored the difference among the types of fermentation. The efficacious of aerobic process was been proved. The result shows that the digesting rate of aerobic process with cell-lysing bacterium was higher than the traditional process. The ratio of sludge is reach to 40%~53%, which was far more effectively than the traditional process rate of 12%~20%. The TCOD of sludge which was treated with cell lysing bacterium and Aerobic Process is reach to 54.4%. Then, the sludge was thrown into the diphase of anaerobic digesting system. VSS/TSS of sludge is 0.62, HRT is 6d, the reduction of VSS is reach to 40.8%. The pH and alkalinity indicate the steady running of the diphase anaerobic digest system. In the acerbity phasing, the content of acetic acid was more than butanoic acid and propanoic acid in organic acid, it is demonstrated that the main composition of final production of fermentation was Acetic Acid. During the 20d of experiment, methylhydride phasing of diphase anaerobic digest system produced 1.2L methylhydride, however, there is only 375ml in CK, the content of methylhydride in all gas phase was around the rate of 55%. The average ratio of VSS was 18.53% in CK diphase anaerobic digest system which was far more unavailable than the mass sludge rate of 55.17%. Results demonstrated that aerobic cell-lysing digested the sludge, the treat of cell-lysing could obviously promoted the hydrolyzeing of sludge cell in the acerbity phasing, which improved the ability and rate of hydrolization and acidification. This study is significant in inhenceing the rate of sludge digestion in the method of cell-lysing bacterium.