抗人类免疫缺陷病毒药物的研究进展

ＨＩＶ复制周期的每一步骤均可成为抗ＨＩＶ药物的靶点。逆转录酶、蛋白酶和整合酶的抑制剂一直是抗ＨＩＶ药物的研究重点和热点。作用于不同靶点的抗ＨＩＶ药物的联合治疗取得了重大突破，对减少ＨＩＶ引起的发病率和死亡率起了主要作用，为治愈ＡＩＤＳ带来了希望。从天然资源中寻找新的抗ＡＩＤＳ药物或先导化合物的研究，是当前国内外新药创制中重要的研究方向和非常活跃的领域，至少已发现近百种天然化合物具有抗ＨＩＶ的活性。

曲拉通一影响脑内递质及合成酶免疫组化定位‘

目的研究曲拉通一一, 是否会改变脑内递质及合成酶免疫组织化学定位特征, 及是 否与其浓度有关。材料与方法观察了高、低浓度预处理脑切片, 对胆碱乙酞化酶、物质和羊氨基丁酸样免 疫反应神经元胞体及终末, 在树晌内侧隔核、斜带核及海马, 免疫组化定位的影响。并在树殉和猫脑探索了缓冲的 低浓度梯度酒精替代的可能性。结果在树的脑, 当为时, 内侧隔核、斜带核三类神经元胞体染色 变浅, 数量减少, 甚至消失, 而海马及内侧隔核、斜带核的物质同及一氨基丁酸阳性终末明显增加。当为。 时, 以上情况正好相反。以酒精替代, 在树动和猫的海马及 内侧隔核、斜带核能相当好地同时显示不氨基丁酸和物质阳性神经元胞体和终末。结论不同浓度的处理 脑切片, 可能对脑内众多神经活性物质的免疫组化定位特征产生不同影响。提高或降低浓度, 分别有助于显 示神经元终末或胞体。上述梯度酒精替代, 在免疫组化光、电镜研究中, 有助于同时显示阳性神经元胞体和终 末。

Growth and food availability of silver and bighead carps: evidence from stable isotope and gut content analysis

A 2-year investigation of growth and food availability of silver carp and bighead was carried out using stable isotope and gut content analysis in a large pen in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu, China. Both silver carp and bighead exhibited significantly higher delta 13C in 2005 than in 2004, which can probably be attributed to two factors: (i) the difference between isotopic compositions at the base of the pelagic food web and (ii) the difference between the compositions of prey items and stable isotopes. The significantly positive correlations between body length, body weight and stable isotope ratios indicated that isotopic changes in silver carp and bighead resulted from the accumulation of biomass concomitant with rapid growth. Because of the drastic decrease in zooplankton in the diet in 2005, silver carp and bighead grew faster in 2004 than in 2005. Bighead carp showed a lower trophic level than silver carp in 2005 as indicated by stable nitrogen isotope ratios, which was possibly explained by the interspecific difference between the prey species and the food quality of silver carp and bighead.

Validation of a method of estimating age, modelling growth, and describing the age composition of Coilia mystus from the Yangtze Estuary, China

A collection of 577 Coilia mystus was made during April 2006 and 2007 from China's Yangtze Estuary to estimate the age structure and growth patterns of the population. Examination of sectioned sagittal otoliths revealed a periodic straight/curved growth pattern. The straight zone was from April to November, and the curved zone from October to May, indicating annual periodicity. Annual periodicity was also verified by margin zone analysis. The shift from a curved-zone to the next straight-zone stanza was defined as an annulus. The fish from which the otoliths were taken were 0-5 years old. The von Bertalanffy growth function was fitted to standard length (LS)-at-age data as L-S = 215.16 (1 - e(-0.53(t+0.30))) (n = 577, r(2) = 0.81, p < 0.05). The mature females included five age classes, ages 1 and 2 accounting for 74.3% of the population. The mature males included fish aged 1 and 2, those at age 1 accounting for 86.4% of the population. Mean length was smaller, and annual growth less, for mature males than for females of comparable age. The study demonstrated that the Yangtze population of C. mystus consists of more age classes than previously thought and that the age structure of the population needs to be considered in management decisions.

Antibunching and blinking from a single colloidal CdSe quantum dot

We have investigated the optical properties of single CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals by conducting combinations of experiments on antibunching and photoluminescence intermittence under different experimental conditions. Based on photoluminescence in an antibunching experiment, we analyzed the emission lifetime of QDs by using stretched exponentials. The difference between the parameters obtained from average lifetimes and stretched exponents were analyzed by considering the effect of nonradiative emission. An Auger-assisted tunneling model was used to explain the power law exponents of off time distribution. The power law exponent under high excitation power was correlated with a higher Auger ionization rate. Using the parameters obtained from stretched exponential function and power law, the antibunching phenomena at different time and under different excitation intensity were analyzed.

Unselective regrowth buried heterostructure long-wavelength superluminescent diode realized with MOVPE

A novel unselective regrowth buried heterostructure (BH) long-wavelength superluminescent diode (SLD), which has a grade-strained bulk InGaAs active region, was developed by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The 3 dB emission spectrum bandwidth of the SLD is about 65 nm with the range from 1596 to 1661 nm at 90 mA and front 1585 to 1650 nm at 150 mA. An output power of 3.5 mW is obtained at 200 mA injection current under CW operation at room temperature. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

基于组件属性的远程证明

提出了一个组件级的细粒度属性证明方案,用于向远程依赖方证明用户平台满足某种安全属性.与现有的远程证明方案相比,组件属性远程证明具有一定的语义和属性表述性等优势.该方案不但证明粒度细和扩展性强,而且属性证书的颁发、验证和撤销实现简单;本方案以组件承诺的方法保证属性证明的真实性,采用零知识证明实现平台组件的隐私性.基于强RSA假设,在Random Oracle模型下可被证明是安全的.实现的原型系统实验结果表明,组件属性证明是一种灵活、实用、高效的证明,对系统性能没有影响.

基于MDA的TRISO-Model模型管理方法及应用

TRISO-Model(tridimensional integrated software development model)是为处理软件开发的复杂性和动态性而提出的三维集成软件开发方法学,其中,多维模型之间的语义一致性维护以及对模型应用中公共操作部分的重用,提出了基于一致语义进行模型管理的需求.给出了基于MDA(model driven architecture)进行模型管理的方法MDA-MMMethod(MDA based model management method),应用MDA的4层模型管理结构,基于MDA核心标准MOF(meta object facility)所提供的公共语义基础管理模型和元模型,MDA-MMMethod支持各种MDA模型操作标准实现在TRSIO-model应用中的重用.开发了相应的支持系统MDA-MMSystem(MDA based model management system),应用于SoftPM的项目实践中.与传统方法相比,模型应用的开发效率得到了显著提高,同时降低了开发成本.最后,给出了模型融合的应用实例介绍.

基于本体的发布/订阅系统的数据模型和匹配算法

现有的发布／订阅系统不能根据事件的语义来进行事件与订阅的匹配，且不能支持具有复杂结构（如图状结构）的事件．将语义Web技术引入发布／订阅系统中，提出一种基于本体的发布／订阅系统．该系统采用本体来表示事件的概念模型，采用RDF图来表示事件，采用图模式来表示订阅条件．它能较好地解决现有的发布／订阅系统的上述问题．实验结果表明，该系统具有较高的订阅匹配效率．

超声波对HCFC-141b水合物形成过程的影响研究

针对水合物形成过程中存在成核诱导期长、过冷度大，形成速度慢的问题，本文以HCFC-141b（1，1-dichloro-1-flooroethane）作为研究工质，将超声波引入水合物形成过程中，研究超声波对水合物形成的影响。建立了包括超声波水合反应系统、数据采集和图像采集系统的可视化低温实验系统。利用这套实验系统，分别实验研究了频率为20kHz和15kHz，功率为0-1000w的超声波对HCFC-141b水合物的形成影响。实验结果表明，超声波对水合物的形成有明显的影响。水合物形成过程主要分为三阶段：冷却期、

采用单步光刻和湿法腐蚀工艺制作高性能衍射微透镜

采用单步光刻和湿法腐蚀工艺,低成本快速制作面向高性能蓝光和红光DVD光学头物镜的衍射微透镜.所制微光学结构的表面粗糙度在纳米量级,衍射相位台阶的高度在亚微米量级并可以根据需求灵活调整,通光孔径在毫米至厘米量级的范围内可调.组成衍射微透镜的大量基本相位结构,可以根据入射和出射光束的形貌特征及参数指标,通过衍射积分算法灵活设置和排布.远场光学测试显示了所制衍射微透镜的高衍射效能.

低能离子束沉积制备GaAs:Gd的研究

对室温条件下用低能离子束沉积得到的GaAs∶Gd样品,借助X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨X射线衍射(HR-XRD)进行了结构分析,结果表明没有出现新的衍射峰,并且摇摆曲线的形状与Gd的注入计量密切相关.运用X光电子能谱仪对比分析了Gd注入后,衬底中主要元素Ga2p和As3d的化学位移,以及不同计量的样品中注入的Gd4d芯能级束缚能的变化,并分析了铁磁性产生的可能原因.