57 resultados para D., D. S. C. D. L. T.
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With one weak probe field and two strong pumping fields, the possibility of producing superluminal optical solitons is discussed in a lifetime-broadened inverted-Y atomic medium with proper parameters. As the group velocity of the solitons is larger than c, its occurrence can be controlled by modulating the intensities and the detunings of lasers.
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We have observed the weak antilocalization (WAL) and beating SdH oscillation through magnetotransport measurements performed on a heavily delta-doped In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.5Al0.48As single quantum well in an applied magnetic field up to 13 T and a temperature at 1.5 K. Both effects are caused by the strong Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling due to high structure inversion asymmetry (SIA). The Rashba SO coupling constant alpha and zerotield spin splitting Delta(0) are estimated and the obtained values are consistent from different analysis for this sample. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Magneto-transport measurements have been carried out on double/single-barrier-doped In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As quantum well samples from 1.5 to 60 K in an applied magnetic field up to 13 T. Beating Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation is observed for the symmetrically double-barrier-doped sample and demonstrated due to a symmetric state and an antisymmetric state confined in two coupled self-consistent potential wells in the single quantum well. The energy separation between the symmetric and the antisymmetric states for the double-barrier-doped sample is extracted from experimental data, which is consistent with calculation. For the single-barrier-doped sample, only beating related to magneto-intersubband scattering shows up. The pesudospin property of the symmetrically double-barrier-doped single quantum well shows that it is a good candidate for fabricating quantum transistors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Vertical PIN ultraviolet photodetectors based on 4H-SiC homoepilayers are presented. The growth of the 4H-SiC homoepilayers was carried out in a LPCVD system. The size of the active area of the photodetector was 300 x 300 mu m(2). The dark and illuminated I-V characteristics were measured at reverse biases from 0 V to 30 V at room temperature. The illuminated current was at least two orders of magnitude higher than the dark current at a bias of below 12 V. The photoresponse was measured from 200 nm to 400 nm at different reverse biases and the peak values of the photo response were located at 3 10 nm. The calculated spectral detectivity D* was shown to be higher than 10(13) cmHz(1/2)/W from 260 to 360 nm with a peak value of 5.9 x 10(13) cmHz(1/2) /W at 310 nm. The peak value of the photoresponse was hundreds of times higher than the response at 400 nm, which showed the device had good visible blind performance. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Resumo:
聚芳醚酮是一种高性能热塑性材料,但其熔融温度高,熔体粘度大,流动性较差。液晶聚芳醚酮则具有非常丰富的液晶相织构和复杂的相转变行为,并且其熔体粘度低,流动性较好。将二者共混,液晶的加入势必降低聚芳醚酮的熔融粘度,改善其熔体流动性,另一方面液晶聚芳醚酮的液晶织构和相行为等势必受很大影响。因此开展这一研究工作不但有重要的理论意义,同时对改善这类材料的性能和拓宽其应用范围具有重要的实际意义。发现液晶聚芳醚酮/聚醚醚酮共混物的复杂相行为与组成密切相关。在以液晶聚芳醚酮为主的共混物中,高分子量的聚醚醚酮易于从低分子量的液晶聚芳醚酮基质相中分离出来,形成了特殊的环带结构。在50:50液晶聚芳醚酮/聚醚醚酮共混物中,两个组分在熔融状态下发生了液一液相分离,导致环带结构和聚醚醚酮球晶同时形成。在以聚醚醚酮为基质相的共混物中,低分子量的液晶聚芳醚酮很难从高分子量的聚醚醚酮基质相中分离出来,最后只能在聚醚醚酮球晶的边界形成单独的相区。当聚醚醚酮含量很高时,仅生成聚醚醚酮球晶。首次在液晶聚芳醚酮与聚醚醚酮共混物中发现了环带球晶,并利用溶剂选择性蚀刻的方法确定了其相结构和组成。环带球晶中的亮心和亮环是液晶聚芳醚酮相,其c(分子链方向)垂直于膜平面,而。和b轴则在膜平面内没有固定的取向。暗环则是聚醚醚酮与部分液晶聚芳醚酮的共存相,其中液晶聚芳醚酮晶体的分子链也垂直于膜平面,但聚醚醚酮片晶则呈现复杂的结晶取向。确定环带球晶的形成机理,从分子水平上提出环带球晶的生长模型,即间歇式增长过程,符合结构不连续模型。总结了环带球晶的形成规律和必要条件为:(l液晶聚芳醚酮为主要成分;(2)液晶聚芳醚酮与聚醚醚酮有一定相容性,至少在熔融态分子相容;(3)液晶聚芳醚酮的各向同性相向液晶相的转变温度要高于聚芳醚酮的结晶温度;(4)液晶聚芳醚酮相转变(或结晶)速率与共混物的相分离速率相匹配或前者略大于后者;(5)降温速率或等温结晶温度适当。聚醚醚酮/含氟液晶聚芳醚酮共混物在熔体状态下的流动行为与共混物的组成、两相的相容性及相的转变有着密切的关系。在聚醚醚酮/含氟液晶聚芳醚酮共混物中,当前者为主要成份时,流动曲线形状与纯PEEK的相似,而当后者为主要成份时,表现出与含氟液晶聚芳醚酮相似的流变行为。共混物的复数粘度、储存模量和损失模量总体来说随F一队EK含量的增加而逐渐下降,只有当含氟液晶聚芳醚酮含量为50%时,共混物的复数粘度、储存模量和损失模量出现了局部极大值。
Resumo:
本论文从2,3'-联吡啶出发,利用两个吡啶环上氮的反应活性差异,选择性合成了单烷基盐1-甲基-2,3,-联吡啶盐、1-甲基-1,一氧-2,3,-联吡啶盐和1'-甲基/节基2,3气联吡啶盐,还原单烷基盐合成了天然生物碱毒黎碱、安那他品和异毒黎碱及其衍生物:对异毒黎碱的合成由还原N,-节基盐后脱节基简化为一步实现还原和脱节基直接得到异毒黎碱。通过用(R)-BINOL(S-BINOLN,-节基异毒黎碱拆分得到了旋光纯的N,-节基异毒黎碱和异毒黎碱,-N,-节基异毒黎碱的旋光度[a]D20:-61.50(c2.0,乙醇),卜异毒黎碱的旋光度fa]D20:-14.4"(c-1.0,乙醇);将C异毒黎碱用(RMTPA和(sMT衍生为Mosher酞胺,应用Mosllel法确定了C异毒黎碱手性中心的绝对构型为R型,即(R)-C异毒黎碱,同时发现,由(R)一MTPA合成的Mosller酞胺中顺式旋转异构体占优。而通常在环胺的Mosller酞胺中,是反式旋转异构体占优。这一例外被MollteCarlo模型模拟计算结果解释:稀溶液中C异毒黎碱的Moshel酞胺,顺式构型能量上比反式更有利。不对称合成天然生物碱更具有挑战性。对异毒黎碱还原合成中的呱l烯类中间体,用BINAP-灿催化体系进行了催化不对称还原的合成研究,氢化N'-节基-1,,4,,5,,6,-四氢一2,3,一联吡陡时得到了最高为21.5%的对映体选择性,而对N'-节基一1,,2',5',6,-四氢-2,3'一联吡陡的氢化则只得到了不超过10.0%的对映体选择性。
Resumo:
在长期的吸血进化过程中,吸血节肢动物在唾液腺中形成了一系列有助于适应吸 血生存的活性物质,这些物质包括血管舒张分子、血小板聚集抑制分子、抗凝血分子 和其它相互作用的分子。此外,为了得到洁净的血液和防止在吸血过程中被病原微生 物感染,吸血节肢动物在其唾液腺中形成了许多防御物质以保护自身和宿主,这些物 质包括抗菌肽和蛋白酶抑制剂等。因此,研究吸血节肢动物的唾液腺重要活性物质和 转录体组学有助于弄清其吸血机制。 姚虻(Tabancus yao Macquart是我国特有的牛虻,其雌性在产卵前需要吸食大 型哺乳动物的血液以促使卵的发育。我们希望通过对姚虻唾液腺重要活性物质和转录 体组学的研究揭示姚虻成功从宿主获得血餐的分子机制,找到具有药用前景的活性物 质和为控制该虫及其传播的疾病的提供理论基础。 首先,我们对其唾液腺匀浆物活性进行了系统分析,发现姚虻唾液腺匀浆物具有 如下活性:有抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性,并且对大肠杆菌、白色念球菌和枯草杆菌都有 效;能够抑制ADP 诱导的洗涤和富血浆血小板的聚集;能够凝集兔红细胞、能够抑制 丝氨酸蛋白酶对小肽底物的水解、具有对纤维蛋白原的水解活性(金属蛋白酶)、具 有过敏原活性、能够促进肥大细胞脱粒和组氨释放;反复检测而没有发现的活性如下: 磷脂酶A2(PLA2)活性、溶血活性、血浆凝固活性、体外抗补体、血管生长促进与抑制 活性、对小鼠脾细胞因子分泌的促进和抑制活性、抗肿瘤细胞HepG2 的生长活性。 以来源姚虻唾液腺的mRNA为材料,我们成功构建了丰度为1x106的姚虻唾液腺 cDNA文库。通过对400个随机克隆的测序,我们得到了编码23种保守蛋白,44种分泌 蛋白和5种功能未知的蛋白。44种分泌蛋白中比较重要的分别是:20种抗原5相关蛋白、 2种α淀粉酶、2种麦芽糖酶、2种attactins菌蛋白以及血管舒张肽、过氧化物酶、 抗菌肽、透明质酸酶、mucin样蛋白和脯氨酸丰富蛋白。另外,一些不知道功能的分 泌肽也被发现,这其中包括四个与Hybomitra bimaculata的分泌肽相似性达47-82%的 多肽,这些信息有助于我们发现牛虻唾液腺活性物质和加快从知道部分氨基酸序列的 蛋白的鉴定速度,加快对姚虻从宿主获得血餐的分子机制的诠释速度。 通过分子筛、高压液相色谱等程序,我们从姚虻唾液腺中得到了一个由55 个氨 基酸组成,分子量为6 kDa,含有3 对二硫键的Kunitz 型丝氨基酸蛋白酶抑制剂TYTI。 该抑制剂与Anemonia sulcata 的蛋白酶抑制剂AsKC3 和SA5II 的成熟肽部分的同源 性达66%;并且该抑制剂,对热相对稳定;对凝乳酶、弹性蛋白酶、凝血酶、胰酶等 都有抑制作用,对胰酶的抑制常数为2.586x10-4M 。 通过分子筛、高压液相色谱等程序,我们从姚虻唾液腺中得到了一分子量为7 kDa,由65 个氨基酸组成且含有3 对二硫键的防御素Taymin,它与长角血蜱的防御素的相 似性达43%,但它的第二个半胱氨酸比长角血蜱的半胱氨酸靠前一个氨基酸。该抗菌 肽对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是: 160、80、140 和120μg/mL 通过与分离丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂相同的生化分离手段,从姚虻唾液腺中得到一种 红细胞凝集素样活性物质TYML1,其能凝集原始和经胰酶、链霉蛋白酶和弹性蛋白酶 处理的A、B、O 和AB 血型的人、兔、绵羊、大鼠、小鼠、鹌鹑的红细胞, 对链霉蛋 白酶处理的鹌鹑红细胞的凝集效价比正常下降了8 倍;对热、酸、碱处理和蛋白酶降 解稳定;具有Ca2+依赖性,活性能为半乳糖胺和胎球蛋白所完全抑制。 通过分子筛、阴离子交换、高压液相色谱等程序,我们从姚虻唾液腺中分离得到 了一分子量为26 kDa,由234 个氨基酸组成,含有10 个半胱氨酸的血小板聚集抑制剂 Macquaritin-2,它与报道的所有血小板聚集抑制剂均不具有同源性,但是与双翅目昆 虫唾液腺过敏原却有一定的同源性(25%-33%),对其血小板聚集抑制活性研究发现:其 能抑制胰酶、花生四烯酸、Stejnulxin、TMVA、ADP、U46619 等激动剂诱导的血小板 聚集;血小板膜结合试验表明:其能与血小板细胞膜结合,故该血小板聚集抑制剂可能 通过作用血小板上的受体来阻止激动剂诱导血小板聚集。 通过分子筛、阳离子交换、高压液相色谱等程序,我们从姚虻唾液腺中分离得到 分子量为24-30 kDa 的两个血小板聚集抑制剂Macquaritin-3 和Macquaritin-1,它 们的N 端16 个氨基酸分别是V N Y C R L P C R G C D Y H V 和 V A V D Y L G L P G R G Y H V。通过PCR, Macquaritin-3 的核苷酸序列被得到,其推导蛋白的成熟区 和信号肽分别含有232 和23 个氨基酸。利用根据Macquaritin-1 的N 端氨基酸设计 的简并引物扩到含有V A V D Y L G L P 序列的两组核苷酸序列。它们与报道的所有 血小板聚集抑制剂均不具有同源性,但是其与双翅目昆虫的唾液腺抗原5 相关蛋白却 有一定的同源性。将所有血小板抑制剂及其相关序列和通过cDNA 文库筛选得到的抗 原5 相关序列进行分析,发现它们有很高的相似性,这种相似性介于33.3%-93.0%间, 且大部分高于50%。另外,两个血小板聚集抑制剂和一个可能的血小板抑制剂分别处 于这些抗原5 相关蛋白进化树的三个簇中。因此,我们推测这些过抗原5 相关蛋白可 能都具有血小板抑制剂活性。
Resumo:
In this work we investigate the lateral periodicity of symmetrically strained (GaIn)As/GaAs/Ga(PAs)/GaAs superlattices by means of X-ray scattering techniques. The multilayers were grown by metalorganic Vapour phase epitaxy on (001)GaAs substrates, which were intentionally off-oriented towards the [011]-direction. The substrate off-orientation and the strain distribution was found to affect the structural properties of the superlattices inducing the generation of laterally ordered macrosteps. Several high-resolution triple-crystal reciprocal space maps, which were recorded for different azimuth angles in the vicinity of the (004) Bragg diffraction and contour maps of the specular reflected beam collected in the vicinity of the (000) reciprocal lattice point, are reported and discussed. The reciprocal space maps clearly show a two-dimensional periodicity of the X-ray peak intensity distribution which can be ascribed to the superlattice periodicity in the direction of the surface normal and to a lateral periodicity in a crystallographic direction coinciding with the miscut orientation. The distribution and correlation of the vertical as well as of the lateral interface roughness was investigated by specular reflectivity and diffuse scattering measurements. Our results show that the morphology of the roughness is influenced by the off-orientation angle and can be described by a 2-dimensional waviness.
Resumo:
从芽抱杆菌属、酵母属二十株菌中筛选到一株优良伴生菌B529,与新选育出的产酸菌V6构成一新菌系B529-V6。新菌系B529-V6表现出了较强的高浓度L-山梨糖耐受能力、较高的底物代谢速率和较高的2-KGA转化能力,在8%山梨糖浓度的发酵培养基中培养48h,糖酸转化率较对照菌系提高了5.94%;山梨糖浓度提高至10%,其生长代谢受影响程度较小,且能不同程度地利用葡萄糖和山梨醇为底物,合成维生素C体-2-酮基-L-古龙酸(2-KGA),其发酵产物2-KGA经反相高效液相色谱分析其质量符合工业化生产要求。对新菌系生长代谢规律及调控进行了研究,4M3罐和300M3罐发酵实验表明:种子培养基的碳源、葡萄糖/山梨糖浓度比、氮源、生长因子、接种种液质量及环境因子,均可影响新菌系的生长代谢。4M3罐发酵,新菌系具有周期短、糖酸转化率高等特点,连续4批发酵平均转化率较对照菌系提高10.18%,周期缩短23.7%。在300M3罐发酵试运行期间,新菌系糖酸转化率达到90.10%,较原生产菌系提高3.95%,发酵周期平均缩短1.3小时,显示出了较高的应用价值,在东北制药总厂进行了推广应用。研究了新产酸菌V6的基本生物学特性,分析了GC moL含量,165rDNA同源性,鉴定其在系统发育学上应归入Ketoguloigenium 属,暂命名为Ketogulonigenium sp.V6。选用限制性内切酶Hind IH对新产酸菌V6染色体DNA进行了部分消化,应用载体pGEM-3zf(+)构建了v6的基因文库。结合阳性转化子在以L山梨糖为唯一碳源培养基上的生长特性,利用PCR技术从该基因文库中,筛选到一株含有L-山梨糖还原酶(sR)基因的阳性克隆,并利用pET-32a(+)表达载体,实现了sR酶基因在大肠杆菌AD494(DE3)中的表达。SDS-PAGE电泳分析测定SR融合蛋白分子量大约在65kD右,除去硫氧化还原蛋白、S-Tag和His-Tag蛋白,可推测出天然sR酶蛋白分子量约53 kD右,与从SR基因推测出的分子量大小相符。另外,SR酶学特性研究表明,还原型辅酶II(NADPH)是sR酶蛋白的最适电子供体,其最适反应pH为7.0,pH6.5时保持稳定,酶活力较高;最适反应温度为50 ℃,30 ℃时热稳定性较好;lmM的Cu~(2+),Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)对该酶活抑制作用较大。
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本研究旨在利用突变后的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与白喉毒素(DT)构建靶向毒素,使其特异性地杀伤肿瘤血管,达到阻断血管增生,切断肿瘤的血液供应的目的。首先通过基因工程技术从白喉杆菌中提取基因组DNA,扩增出其中的DTC、T基因。并运用不同的突变方法,构建了四个VEGF的突变体。即VEGF R82A,K84A,H86A突变,VEGF D63A,E64A,E67A突变,和截去了肝素结合区和NP-lneuropilin-l受体结合区的VEGF R82A,K84A,H86A突变和VEGF D63A,E64A,E67A突变。以这些突变体的编码基因与DT的T、C基因制成四个融合基因,并在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化、复性。以相似条件下制备的不加VEGF突变体的DTT、C蛋白为阴性对照,以VEGFR-l和VEGFR-2+的Lovo细胞和VEGFR-lVEGFR-2-的SMMC-7721细胞做细胞实验。制成的四个融合毒素中有三个通过细胞学检验,具有靶向杀伤作用。特异性结合VEGFR-1受体的蛋白PmV8DPsmVSD既可以抑制VEGFR-1+、VEGFR-2-的肝癌细胞SMMC-7721又可以抑制VEGFR-1+、VEGFR-2+的结肠癌细胞Lovo。而不带VEGF突变体的DT391无抑制作用。特异性结合VEGFRZ受体的蛋白PmV6D以抑制VEGFR-1+、VEGFR-2+结肠癌细胞Lovo的生长,但不可以抑制VEGFR-1+,VEGFR-2-的肝癌细胞SMMC-7721。受体结合力过弱的PsmV6D对细胞的生长产生任何影响。
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IEECAS SKLLQG
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In collisions between slow F2+ ions (30 keV) and molecular targets, adenine, scattered particle production yields have been measured directly by simultaneous detection of neutrals, positive and negative ions. The relative cross-section for a negative ion formation channel was measured to be 1%. Despite a slight decrease compared to a larger target, the fullerene C-60, the measured negative ion formation cross section is still at least one order of magnitude larger than the yield in ion-atom interactions.
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We present results on the system size dependence of high transverse momentum di-hadron correlations at root s(NN) = 200 GeV as measured by STAR at RHIC. Measurements in d + Au, Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions reveal similar jet-like near-side correlation yields (correlations at small angular separation Delta phi similar to 0, Delta eta similar to 0) for all systems and centralities. Previous measurements have shown Chat the away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) yield is suppressed in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the away-side Suppression as a function of transverse momentum and centrality in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions. The suppression is found to be similar in Cu + Cu and An + An collisions at a similar number of participants. The results are compared to theoretical calculations based on the patron quenching model and the modified fragmentation model. The observed differences between data and theory indicate that the correlated yields presented here will further constrain dynamic energy loss models and provide information about the dynamic density profile in heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The contribution of B meson decays to nonphotonic electrons, which are mainly produced by the semileptonic decays of heavy-flavor mesons, in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal correlations between nonphotonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted B decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of p(T) >= 5 GeV/c. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for electrons from B and D meson decays. The result indicates that B meson production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high p(T).