13 resultados para Pintura-Tratados, manuales, etc.

em Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco


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The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.

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Tesis leida dentro del Master de "Ingeniería Computacional y Sistemas Inteligentes"

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Ponencia leída en el Foro de Comunicaciones IkasArt II (BEC Barakaldo, 2010.06.18)

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Ponencia leída en el Foro de Comunicaciones IkasArt II (BEC Barakaldo, 2010.06.18)

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[ES] En el presente trabajo se estudiaron de forma transversal 235 niños con edades comprendidas entre los 2 y 14,9 años. El 6% de la muestra total presentó bajo peso, y el 17% sobrepeso u obesidad. Por lo que concluimos que los servicios de pediatría deberían tener un papel activo en el control y prevención de las alteraciones del estado nutricional.

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Tesis con Mención de Doctor Internacional

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El proceso de cicatrización es complejo y múltiples factores influyen en él, como es la nutrición. La nutrición y la cicatrización están íntimamente unidas, de esta manera deficiencias nutricionales específicas podrán provocar un retraso en la progresión de la cicatrización. Abordar las heridas de manera integral es papel de la enfermería, con lo cual es importante conocer el enfoque actual de los Suplementos Nutricionales Orales (SNO). Objetivos: conocer el papel que juega la nutrición en la cicatrización de las heridas (agudas y crónicas). Conocer cuál es el enfoque y el conocimiento actual en la Suplementación Nutricional Oral y su implicación en las heridas. Diseño: revision bibliografica Metodos: se realiza una busqueda bibliografia en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, Metas de Enfermeria y Chocrane). Se realiza un analisis de 11 articulos y de diferentes manuales, protocolos, libros etc. de las principales sociedades cientificas relacionadas con la nutricion y la cicatrizacion. Resultados: se identifican todos los macronutrientes (carbohidratos, proteinas y aminoacidos, acidos grasos y agua) y micronutientes (vitamina A, vitamina C, Vitamina E, Vitamina K, zinc,cobre, magnesio y hierro) involucrados en la cicatrizacion de las heridas. De esta manera se realiza un analisis de estos nutrientes y la implicacion de la suplementacion nutricional oral. El resultado es que 5 revisiones sistemáticas han estudiado el papel de los SNO, con gran controversia en sus conclusiones. Conclusiones: se ha visto que la nutricion influye en la cicatrizacion de las heridas, ya que los macronutrientes y los micronutrientes intervienen en todo el proceso de cicatrizacion, desde la hemostasia hasta la maduracion de la herida. Aun asi, cuando se hace referencia a Suplementos Nutricionales Orales (tanto con nutrientes especificos como sin ellos), la evidencia demuestra que hoy por hoy existe pocas investigaciones, sin llegar a ningun consenso claro. Palabras Clave: “Wounds”, “Wound Healing”, “Nutrition”, “Oral Supplements”, “Nutritional Supplements” y “Suplementos Nutricionales”.

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619 p.