Luces y sombras en las Encuestas de Pobreza y Desigualdades Sociales desde el punto de vista del género

En estas páginas nos proponemos dos objetivos. El primero es analizar con detalle la metodología de medición de la pobreza de las Encuestas de Pobreza y Desigualdades Sociales (EPDS) que se realiza en la CAPV con el fin de desvelar sus principales carencias y potencialidades en cuanto a la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en el estudio de la pobreza. El segundo es estudiar, entre 1996 y 2004,la evolución de las situaciones de pobreza entre las mujeres y compararla con la evolución de la pobreza entre los hombres. En estos ocho años, el crecimiento económico ha sido muy importante, y ello se ha traducido en una reducción de la incidencia de la pobreza que no se ha dejado notar con la misma intensidad en todos los colectivos. Nos preguntamos si las mujeres, como colectivo que estaba peor situado, han conocido reducciones de las tasas de pobreza inferiores a las generales. Parece que la mejora de la coyuntura económica ha beneficiado a los que comparativamente estaban mejor.

Barrios con privación y exclusión social. Estructura de oportunidades y aislamiento institucional

El número de la revista en el que está incluido este artículo ha sido publicado como monografía con el título de: Ciudades globales y culturas locales 2

Diálogos para el estudio de América Latina en el siglo XXI

El Grupo de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe (GEALC) / Latinoamerika eta Kariberi buruzko Ikerketa Taldea (LAKIT) comenzó su andadura en 2012 con diversos objetivos, entre ellos el destinado a impulsar en el País Vasco los intercambios académicos sobre dicha región del mundo; facilitar un espacio de reflexión con actividades como seminarios, congresos, publicaciones, etc.; establecer lazos con grupos similares y centros de estudio de otros lugares y participar en redes cuya función es seguir los acontecimientos habidos en Latinoamérica. El GEALC / LAKIT está adscrito al Departamento de Derecho Internacional Público, Relaciones Internacionales e Historia del Derecho de la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). En el año 2013 convocamos las I Jornadas del GEALC/LAKIT, cuyos resultados fueron recogidos en el libro digital América Latina en la turbulencia global: oportunidades, amenazas y desafíos1. Abrimos el presente libro con las versiones escritas de las dos conferencias. La primera, dictada por la profesora Ángeles Diez Rodríguez, titulada: “Las aportaciones de los procesos revolucionarios latinoamericanos a la teoría política. Venezuela, Ecuador y Bolivia”. Diez es profesora en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Doctora en Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, centrándose algunas de sus investigaciones en América Latina. Su trabajo parte de la pregunta siguiente: “¿Los procesos transformadores que están viviendo algunos países latinoamericanos constituyen meras reformas del sistema político representativo o están en la vía de ser rupturas democráticas, es decir, revolucionarias?”. Para conocer sus conclusiones invitamos a la lectura de la aportación de esta académica que, además, se reclama comprometida con “la liberación de los pueblos”. Y la segunda conferencia fue expuesta por el profesor Luismi Uharte Pozas, Licenciado en Sociología por la Universidad Pública de Navarra, Máster en Historia de América Contemporánea por la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Doctor en Estudios Latinoamericanos por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y actualmente docente en el Departamento de Antropología Social de la UPV/EHU. Su tema fue: “Venezuela: Gobernu Bolibartarraren 15 urte. Balantzea eta erronkak”. Su exposición trató sobre los quince años de Gobiernos Bolivarianos en Venezuela, un tema tan actual como controvertido tanto en medios académicos como políticos, efectuando un balance de ese periodo, la situación hoy día y las perspectivas inmediatas y de futuro. El grueso de los trabajos de Uharte son sobre temáticas que tienen que ver con América Latina, región que conoce bien por sus largas estancias en Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia y Paraguay. En el resto del libro difundimos una treintena comunicaciones. En su mayoría se encuadran en los ejes temáticos que propusimos en la convocatoria: procesos de cooperación e integración en la región; América Latina y el Caribe en la geopolítica global; los movimientos, luchas sociales, resistencias y alternativas; ideología, esfera pública y poder; y el movimiento feminista en América Latina y el Caribe.

Regulación de procesos angiogénicos por cerámido 1-fosfato

El cerámido 1-fosfato (C1P) es un potente estimulador de la proliferación celular e inhibidor de la apoptosis. Más recientemente se ha demostrado que el C1P es proinflamatorio y que además induce la migración celular. Todas estas características indican que el C1P puede estar implicado en la tumorogénesis. En el presente trabajo se estudiará si el C1P es capaz de estimular procesos implicados en la angiogénesis, o formación de nuevos vasos sanguíneos a partir de vasos preexistentes.

Museos, redes sociales y tecnología 2.0

Índice: - Sobre museos, redes sociales y tecnología 2.0 (Alex Ibáñez Etxeberria). - Sitios web y museos: nuevas aplicaciones para el aprendizaje informal (Mikel Asensio, Elena Asenjo y Alex Ibáñez Etxeberria). - From headphones to microphones: mobile social media in the museum as distributed network (Nancy Proctor). - Mobile learning y patrimionio: aprendiendo historia con mi teléfono, mi GPS y mi PDA (Alex Ibáñez Etxeberria, Mikel Asensio y José Miguel Correa). - Digital asset management strategies for multi-platform content delivery (Titus Bicknell). - Redes sociales y museos participativos: la irrupción de las tecnologías 2.0 en la sociedad y su aplicación en los museos a través del caso de Arazi (Juan José Aranburu).

Víctimas del terrorismo residentes en la CAPV. Desazón y esperanza en víctimas indirectas de asesinatos. Año 2013

La investigación, encomendada y financiada por la Dirección de Víctimas y Derechos Humanos del Gobierno Vasco (DVDH), se centra en una parcela de la victimización indirecta provocada por el terrorismo. El objetivo principal, ante un posible final del terrorismo, consiste en sondear, a título individual, las percepciones sobre la situación personal y social en 2013, de un grupo significativo de familiares, residentes en dicha comunidad, de personas asesinadas por grupos terroristas desde 1960. Se trata de conocer mediante una investigación científica, con el mayor rigor posible, su opinión sobre la evolución en el trato recibido por parte de diferentes agentes sociales, con énfasis en la administración de justicia penal y penitenciaria, y, en particular, analizar sus actitudes sobre el debate público en torno a ellas y sobre su contribución social. La consecución del objetivo principal permitirá alcanzar otros más específicos en relación con la identificación de los intereses prioritarios de las propias víctimas en futuras políticas y actividades victimales. De esta manera, se facilitará la reflexión sobre los elementos que provocan procesos de victimización secundaria, de cara a evitarlos o aminorarlos, así como los factores que facilitan a las víctimas sus procesos de recuperación, entendidos en un sentido complejo, amplio y diverso.

La flexiguridad como clave de la política de empleo en la UE: entre la competitividad, la inclusión social y el respeto a los derechos sociales

Esta publicación obtuvo el "IX Premio de Investigación Fracisco Javier de Landaburu Universitas 2010"

Procesos de configuración simbiótica entre pictogramas y tipografía

315 p.

Advanced Reaction Systems for Hydrogen Production

[EN] This PhD work started in March 2010 with the support of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) under the program named “Formación de Personal Investigador” at the Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department in the Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao. The major part of the Thesis work was carried out in the mentioned department, as a member of the Sustainable Process Engineering (SuPrEn) research group. In addition, this PhD Thesis includes the research work developed during a period of 6 months at the Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, IMM, in Germany. During the four years of the Thesis, conventional and microreactor systems were tested for several feedstocks renewable and non-renewable, gases and liquids through several reforming processes in order to produce hydrogen. For this purpose, new catalytic formulations which showed high activity, selectivity and stability were design. As a consequence, the PhD work performed allowed the publication of seven scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals. This PhD Thesis is divided into the following six chapters described below. The opportunity of this work is established on the basis of the transition period needed for moving from a petroleum based energy system to a renewable based new one. Consequently, the present global energy scenario was detailed in Chapter 1, and the role of hydrogen as a real alternative in the future energy system was justified based on several outlooks. Therefore, renewable and non-renewable hydrogen production routes were presented, explaining the corresponding benefits and drawbacks. Then, the raw materials used in this Thesis work were described and the most important issues regarding the processes and the characteristics of the catalytic formulations were explained. The introduction chapter finishes by introducing the concepts of decentralized production and process intensification with the use of microreactors. In addition, a small description of these innovative reaction systems and the benefits that entailed their use were also mentioned. In Chapter 2 the main objectives of this Thesis work are summarized. The development of advanced reaction systems for hydrogen rich mixtures production is the main objective. In addition, the use and comparison between two different reaction systems, (fixed bed reactor (FBR) and microreactor), the processing of renewable raw materials, the development of new, active, selective and stable catalytic formulations, and the optimization of the operating conditions were also established as additional partial objectives. Methane and natural gas (NG) steam reforming experimental results obtained when operated with microreactor and FBR systems are presented in Chapter 3. For these experiments nickel-based (Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/MgO) and noble metal-based (Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3) catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation and their catalytic activity was measured at several temperatures, from 973 to 1073 K, different S/C ratios, from 1.0 to 2.0, and atmospheric pressure. The Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) was maintained constant in order to compare the catalytic activity in both reaction systems. The results obtained showed a better performance of the catalysts operating in microreactors. The Ni/MgO catalyst reached the highest hydrogen production yield at 1073 K and steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) of 1.5 under Steam methane Reforming (SMR) conditions. In addition, this catalyst also showed good activity and stability under NG reforming at S/C=1.0 and 2.0. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst also showed high activity and good stability and it was the catalyst reaching the highest methane conversion (72.9 %) and H2out/CH4in ratio (2.4) under SMR conditions at 1073 K and S/C=1.0. However, this catalyst suffered from deactivation when it was tested under NG reforming conditions. Regarding the activity measurements carried out with the noble metal-based catalysts in the microreactor systems, they suffered a very quick deactivation, probably because of the effects attributed to carbon deposition, which was detected by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). When the FBR was used no catalytic activity was measured with the catalysts under investigation, probably because they were operated at the same WHSV than the microreactors and these WHSVs were too high for FBR system. In Chapter 4 biogas reforming processes were studied. This chapter starts with an introduction explaining the properties of the biogas and the main production routes. Then, the experimental procedure carried out is detailed giving concrete information about the experimental set-up, defining the parameters measured, specifying the characteristics of the reactors used and describing the characterization techniques utilized. Each following section describes the results obtained from activity testing with the different catalysts prepared, which is subsequently summarized: Section 4.3: Biogas reforming processes using γ-Al2O3 based catalysts The activity results obtained by several Ni-based catalysts and a bimetallic Rh-Ni catalyst supported on magnesia or alumina modified with oxides like CeO2 and ZrO2 are presented in this section. In addition, an alumina-based commercial catalyst was tested in order to compare the activity results measured. Four different biogas reforming processes were studied using a FBR: dry reforming (DR), biogas steam reforming (BSR), biogas oxidative reforming (BOR) and tri-reforming (TR). For the BSR process different steam to carbon ratios (S/C) from 1.0 to 3.0, were tested. In the case of BOR process the oxygen-to-methane (O2/CH4) ratio was varied from 0.125 to 0.50. Finally, for TR processes different S/C ratios from 1.0 to 3.0, and O2/CH4 ratios of 0.25 and 0.50 were studied. Then, the catalysts which achieved high activity and stability were impregnated in a microreactor to explore the viability of process intensification. The operation with microreactors was carried out under the best experimental conditions measured in the FBR. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts was carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), SEM, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD). Operating with the FBR, conversions close to the ones predicted by thermodynamic calculations were obtained by most of the catalysts tested. The Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the highest hydrogen production yield in DR. In BSR process, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst achieved the best activity results operating at S/C=1.0. In the case of BOR process, the Ni/Ce-Zr-Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest reactants conversion values operating at O2/CH4=0.25. Finally, in the TR process the Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the best results operating at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25. Therefore, these three catalysts were selected to be coated onto microchannels in order to test its performance under BOR and TR processes conditions. Although the operation using microreactors was carried out under considerably higher WHSV, similar conversions and yields as the ones measured in FBR were measured. Furthermore, attending to other measurements like Turnover Frequency (TOF) and Hydrogen Productivity (PROD), the values calculated for the catalysts tested in microreactors were one order of magnitude higher. Thus, due to the low dispersion degree measured by H2-chemisorption, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst reached the highest TOF and PROD values. Section 4.4: Biogas reforming processes using Zeolites L based catalysts In this section three type of L zeolites, with different morphology and size, were synthesized and used as catalyst support. Then, for each type of L zeolite three nickel monometallic and their homologous Rh-Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were tested using the FBR under DR process and different conditions of BSR (S/C ratio of 1.0 and 2.0), BOR (O2/CH4 ratio of 0.25 and 0.50) and TR processes (at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25). The characterization of these catalysts was also carried out by using the same techniques mentioned in the previous section. Very high methane and carbon dioxide conversion values were measured for almost all the catalysts under investigation. The experimental results evidenced the better catalytic behavior of the bimetallic catalysts as compared to the monometallic ones. Comparing the catalysts behavior with regards to their morphology, for the BSR process the Disc catalysts were the most active ones at the lowest S/C ratio tested. On the contrary, the Cylindrical (30–60 nm) catalysts were more active under BOR conditions at O2/CH4=0.25 and TR processes. By the contrary, the Cylindrical (1–3 µm) catalysts showed the worst activity results for both processes. Section 4.5: Biogas reforming processes using Na+ and Cs+ doped Zeolites LTL based catalysts A method for the synthesis of Linde Type L (LTL) zeolite under microwave-assisted hydrothermal conditions and its behavior as a support for heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogen production is described in this section. Then, rhodium and nickel-based bimetallic catalysts were prepared in order to be tested by DR process and BOR process at O2/CH4=0.25. Moreover, the characterization of the catalysts under investigation was also carried out. Higher activities were achieved by the catalysts prepared from the non-doped zeolites, Rh-Ni/D and Rh-Ni/N, as compared to the ones supported on Na+ and Cs+ exchanged supports. However, the differences between them were not very significant. In addition, the Na+ and Cs+ incorporation affected mainly to the Disc catalysts. Comparing the results obtained by these catalysts with the ones studied in the section 4.4, in general worst results were achieved under DR conditions and almost the same results when operated under BOR conditions. In Chapter 5 the ethylene glycol (EG) as feed for syngas production by steam reforming (SR) and oxidative steam reforming (OSR) was studied by using microchannel reactors. The product composition was determined at a S/C of 4.0, reaction temperatures between 625°C and 725°C, atmospheric pressure and Volume Hourly Space Velocities (VHSV) between 100 and 300 NL/(gcath). This work was divided in two sections. The first one corresponds to the introduction of the main and most promising EG production routes. Then, the new experimental procedure is detailed and the information about the experimental set-up and the measured parameters is described. The characterization was carried out using the same techniques as for the previous chapter. Then, the next sections correspond to the catalytic activity and catalysts characterization results. Section 5.3: xRh-cm and xRh-np catalysts for ethylene glycol reforming Initially, catalysts with different rhodium loading, from 1.0 to 5.0 wt. %, and supported on α-Al2O3 were prepared by two different preparation methods (conventional impregnation and separate nanoparticle synthesis). Then, the catalysts were compared regarding their measured activity and selectivity, as well as the characterization results obtained before and after the activity tests carried out. The samples prepared by a conventional impregnation method showed generally higher activity compared to catalysts prepared from Rh nanoparticles. By-product formation of species such as acetaldehyde, ethane and ethylene was detected, regardless if oxygen was added to the feed or not. Among the catalysts tested, the 2.5Rh-cm catalyst was considered the best one. Section 5.4: 2.5Rh-cm catalyst support modification with CeO2 and La2O3 In this part of the Chapter 5, the catalyst showing the best performance in the previous section, the 2.5Rh-Al2O3 catalyst, was selected in order to be improved. Therefore, new Rh based catalysts were designed using α-Al2O3 and being modified this support with different contents of CeO2 or La2O3 oxides. All the catalysts containing additives showed complete conversion and selectivities close to the equilibrium in both SR and OSR processes. In addition, for these catalysts the concentrations measured for the C2H4, CH4, CH3CHO and C2H6 by-products were very low. Finally, the 2.5Rh-20Ce catalyst was selected according to its catalytic activity and characterization results in order to run a stability test, which lasted more than 115 hours under stable operation. The last chapter, Chapter 6, summarizes the main conclusions achieved throughout this Thesis work. Although very high reactant conversions and rich hydrogen mixtures were obtained using a fixed bed reaction system, the use of microreactors improves the key issues, heat and mass transfer limitations, through which the reforming reactions are intensified. Therefore, they seem to be a very interesting and promising alternative for process intensification and decentralized production for remote application.

Modelización de procesos hidrológicos y de contaminación por nitratos mediante dos códigos numéricos (SWAT y MOHID). Cuenca agrícola del río Alegría (País Vasco)

245 p.+ anexos

La frontera, borders an transborders. Reflections of the borderlands in Chicana Literature (early 20th-21st c.)

421 p.

Procesos microevolutivos en poblaciones de Sudamérica

308 p.

Conexiones entre la pintura abstracta y la naturaleza: formas, procesos, funciones y estrategias. Análisis y desarrollo experimental

674 p.

Las relaciones de género en los centros sociales okupados de Bilbao

Gaztetxeetan nesken eta mutilen arteko harremanak nolakoak diren eta zelako ekintzak ematen diren ikus-lehioa izango da ikerketa. Askotan teoria eta praktika ez datoz bat. Beraz gaztetxeek antolamendu horizontala dute, antitaurinoak, antisexistak… dira baina gero eguneroko funtzionamenduan heziketak inposatutako hainbat rol sexistak errepikatzen dira. Eta nahiz eta errealitatea aldatzen ari den gaztetxeetan edo asanbladetan gai hauek ateratzea oso zaila da. Gehienetan arazoa ez delako identifikatzen. Horregatik, hausnarketa bultzatzea eta aldaketak eragitea du helburu ikerlanak.

Cosificación de las adolescentes en las redes sociales digitales

La cosificación se refiere a la representación de una mujer a través de su cuerpo o partes de éste. La utilización masiva por parte de adolescentes de las Redes Sociales Digitales, hacen de éste fenómeno una forma tangible de discriminación sexista. Este estudio, tiene como objetivo analizar la cosificación de las adolescentes en las redes sociales y su influencia en la autoestima de cada joven. Para ello, se han aplicado diferentes escalas a 1087 adolescentes de 11 centros educativos de Guipúzcoa. Los resultados muestran diferencias de género en la utilidad de redes sociales digitales y en los niveles de cosificación. En concreto, los adolescentes utilizan más las redes sociales digitales para el ocio, mientras ellas las utilizan para relacionarse con su entorno, por lo que están más expuestas a opiniones externas. Además, se ha observado un patrón de conducta cosificadora entre las adolescentes, mientras que ellos muestran mayores niveles de sexismo.