De re etymologica: vasc. -(r)antz ‘hacia’

Iker bilduma = Colección Iker, nº 17

Euskararen morfologia historikorako: artikuluak eta erakusleak

803 p

Dotrinazko sermoitegia: galduriko hizkerak eta dialektologia historikoa

602 p.

Etymological notes on Aleut (III). With methodological notes on (Eskimo-Aleut) historical linguistics

[EN] The goal of this contribution is twofold: on the one hand, to review two relatively recent contributions in the field of Eskimo-Aleut historical linguistics in which it is proposed that Eskimo-Aleut languages are related genealogically to Wakashan (Holst 2004) and?/or Nostratic (Krougly-Enke 2008). These contributions can be characterized by saying that their authors have taken little care to be diligent and responsible in the application of the comparative method, and that their familiarity with the languages involved is insufficient. Eskimo-Aleut languages belong to a very exclusive group of language families that have been (and still are) used, sometimes compulsively, in the business of so-called “long-range comparisons”. Those carrying out such studies are very often unaware of the most basic facts regarding the philological and linguistic traditions of those languages, as a result of what mountains of very low quality works with almost no-relevancy for the specialist grow every year to the desperation of the scientific community, whose attitude toward them ranges from the most profound indifference to the toughest (and most explicit) critical tone. Since Basque also belongs to this group of “compare-with-everything-you-come- across” languages, it is my intention to provide the Basque readership with a sort of “pedagogical case” to show that little known languages, far from underrepresented in the field, already have a very long tradition in historical and comparative linguistics, i.e. nobody can approach them without previous acquaintance with the materials. Studies dealing with the methodological inappropriateness of the Moscow School’s Nostratic hypothesis or the incorrectness of many of the proposed new taxonomic Amerindian subfamilies (several of them involving the aforementioned Wakashan languages), that is to say, the frameworks on which Krougly-Enke and Holst work, respectively, are plenty (i.a. Campbell 1997: 260-329, Campbell & Poser 2008: 234-96), therefore there is no reason to insist once more on the very same point. This is the reason why I will not discuss per se Eskimo-Aleut–Wakashan or Eskimo-Aleut–Nostratic. On the contrary, I will focus attention upon very concrete aspects of Krougly-Enke and Holst´s proposals, i.e. when they work on “less ambitious” problems, for example, dealing with the minutiae of internal facts or analyzing certain words from the sole perspective of Eskimo-Aleut materials (in other words, those cases in which even they do not invoke the ad hoc help of Nostratic stuff). I will try to explain why some of their proposals are wrong, demonstrate where the problem lies, and fix it if possible. In doing so, I will propose new etymologies in an attempt at showing how we may proceed. The main difference between this and handbook examples lies in the reality of what we are doing: this is a pure etymological exercise from beginning to end. I will try to throw a bit of light on a couple of problematic questions regarding Aleut historical phonology, demonstrating how much work should be done at the lowest level of the Eskimo-Aleut pyramid; it is technically impossible to reach the peak of the pyramid without having completed the base. As far as Aleut is regarded, I will mainly profit not only from the use of the traditional philological analysis of Aleut (and, eventually, of Eskimo) materials, but also of diachronic typology, bringing into discussion what in my opinion seems useful, and in some cases I think decisive, parallels. It is worth noting that this paper makes up yet another part of a series of exploratory works dealing with etymological aspects of the reconstruction of Proto-Eskimo-Aleut, with special emphasis on Aleut (vid. i.a. Alonso de la Fuente 2006/2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2010a), whose main goal is to become the solid basis for an etymological dictionary of the Aleut language, currently in progress.

Régimen jurídico de las lenguas y reconocimiento de la diversidad lingüística en el Tratado por el que se establece una Constitución para Europa

The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.

El control de la producción histórica sobre Gipuzkoa en el siglo XVII. Un instrumento de defensa del régimen foral

[ES] Este trabajo pretende conocer las causas que explican la actividad censora y recopiladora de la Provincia, durante el siglo XVII, en el campo de la producción histórica referente a Gipuzkoa.

Traducciones (censuradas) de teatro inglés en la España de Franco. TRACE: Una perspectiva histórica

[ES] La historia del teatro traducido en la España del siglo XX está aún por escribirse. Este segmento de nuestra cultura traducida ha sido tradicionalmente ignorado en las historias del teatro español. Por suerte, lo que hace sólo veinte años se describía como un páramo investigador es hoy un terreno mucho mejor abonado y roturado. Las investigaciones sobre teatro traducido que han visto la luz progresivamente en estos años nos permitirán en breve escribir y documentar la historia del teatro traducido. Se ofrece en este artículo una visión del modo en que podría acometerse esa tarea,partiendo de lo ya investigado en el proyecto TRACE desde la perspectiva de lo archivado por la censura (de teatro) en la época de Franco.

Evolución histórica de los sistemas ERP: de la gestión de materiales a la empresa digital

En este artículo se habla sobre la evolución de las prácticas de gestión utilizadas. La creciente importancia del plazo de entrega tuvo implicaciones más allá del departamento de producción. La departamentalización de las organizaciones suspuso uno de los mayores obstáculos para lograr el servicio y los tiempos de respuesta reclamados por los clientes. Un sistema de información común a los diferentes departamentos de la empresa se convirtió en un requisito indispensable para dar respuestas coordinadas. Concretamente, la filosofía de base de los ERP-s es la de ser el soporte de gestión de la empresa en su conjunto y no simplemente la extensión del modelo de gestión de la producción a otros departamentos.

Inventario Digital de Cartografía Histórica de Álava

A través de este inventario se pretende facilitar la información y el acceso de los investigadores a la documentación cartográfica antigua de cualquier parte del territorio histórico alavés.

Ibarguen-Cachopín Kronika. Edizioa eta azterketa

456 p.

Aprendiendo idiomas. Una herramienta que facilita la acogida lingüística a la inmigración

La evolución de los movimientos poblacionales en Vitoria-Gasteiz nos ha llevado a conocer la inmigración, con ella han desembarcado nuevas necesidades acordes a este nuevo fenómeno. Entre estas, nos encontramos la lingüística, fundamental para cubrir otro tipo de necesidades de la vida cotidiana. En este ámbito trabajan diferentes entidades con el objetivo de ayudar a estas personas con el aprendizaje del euskera o castellano. Este trabajo analiza la situación en la que se encuentran dichas asociaciones y facilita, mediante la creación de una página web, información sobre dónde y cómo aprender las lenguas autóctonas a las personas recién llegadas así como el contacto entre entidades.

Perfiles lingüísticos en la nueva oficina judicial: planificación lingüística en la administración de la Administración de Justicia

[ES]La adaptación de la Administración de Justicia al estatus de doble oficialidad lingüística exige la adopción de importantes medidas estructurales y organizativas que, hasta la fecha, no han resultado suficientemente efectivas. Este trabajo profundiza en los retos que en materia de lenguas se plantean a la Administración de Justicia, sobre la base del hilo conductor del sistema de planificación lingüística diseñado por la CAPV y su análisis desde la perspectiva de la jurisprudencia más reciente.