Comportamiento de patrones de tomate frente a la patogenicidad de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

La fusariosis del cuello y de las raíces del tomate ("mancha chocolate"), causada por el hongo F. o. f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, es una micosis cada vez más extendida en los cultivos de tomate de las provincias de Almería y Granada. Su gravedad es alta, llegando a alcanzar al 78% de las plantas en algún invernadero con cultivo sobre fibra de coco. Ante esta situación, se estimó necesario evaluar la resistencia de patrones utilizados para injertar variedades de tomate. Así, 16 patrones fueron valorados frente a una cepa muy patógena del hongo. Los patrones fueron:CLXTPG01, AR9704, AR97015, AR97009, Morgan, Spirit, Herman, Armstrong, Arnold, Big Power, Emperador, 61-071, Montezuma, Beaufort, Multifort, Maxifort, Tovi Star y Alegro. Dos ensayos sobre plantas en estado de 6-8 hojas verdaderas bien formadas, mostraron que todos los patrones expresaron una resistencia completa, exceptuando los denominados CLXTPG01 y AR97015. Entendemos que esta información es necesaria debidio a la escasa disponibilidad.

Control of a solar dryer through using a fuzzy logic and low-cost model-based sensor

Solar drying is one of the important processes used for extending the shelf life of agricultural products. Regarding consumer requirements, solar drying should be more suitable in terms of curtailing total drying time and preserving product quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a fuzzy logic-based control system, which performs a ?human-operator-like? control approach through using the previously developed low-cost model-based sensors. Fuzzy logic toolbox of MatLab and Borland C++ Builder tool were utilized to develop a required control system. An experimental solar dryer, constructed by CONA SOLAR (Austria) was used during the development of the control system. Sensirion sensors were used to characterize the drying air at different positions in the dryer, and also the smart sensor SMART-1 was applied to be able to include the rate of wood water extraction into the control system (the difference of absolute humidity of the air between the outlet and the inlet of solar dryer is considered by SMART-1 to be the extracted water). A comprehensive test over a 3 week period for different fuzzy control models has been performed, and data, obtained from these experiments, were analyzed. Findings from this study would suggest that the developed fuzzy logic-based control system is able to tackle difficulties, related to the control of solar dryer process.

Presentation and discussion of the UAM/exercise I-1b: "Pin-Cell Burn-Up Benchmark" with the hybrid method

The aim of this work is to present the Exercise I-1b “pin-cell burn-up benchmark” proposed in the framework of OECD LWR UAM. Its objective is to address the uncertainty due to the basic nuclear data as well as the impact of processing the nuclear and covariance data in a pin-cell depletion calculation. Four different sensitivity/uncertainty propagation methodologies participate in this benchmark (GRS, NRG, UPM, and SNU&KAERI). The paper describes the main features of the UPM model (hybrid method) compared with other methodologies. The requested output provided by UPM is presented, and it is discussed regarding the results of other methodologies.

A 800 kW I-V curve

This paper presents the measurement of the I-V curve of an 800 kW PV generator by means of an own-made capacitive load. Along the lines of some previous works, it is shown that an I-V curve analysis can also be applied to big PV generators and that, when measuring the operating conditions with reference modules and taking some precautions (especially regarding the operating cell temperature), it is still a useful tool for characterizing them and therefore can be incorporated into maintenance procedures. As far as we know, this is the largest I-V curve measured so far.

Concrete constitutive model, calibration and applications

A methodology has been developed for characterising the mechanical behaviour of concrete, based on the damaged plasticity model, enriched with a user subroutine (V)USDFLD in order to capture better the ductility of the material under moderate confining pressures. The model has been applied in the context of the international benchmark IRIS_2012, organised by the OECD/NEA/CSNI Nuclear Energy Agency, dealing with impacts of rigid and deformable missiles against reinforced concrete targets. A slightly modified version of the concrete damaged plasticity model was used to represent the concrete. The simulation results matched very well the observations made during the actual tests. Particularly successful predictions involved the energy spent by the rigid missile in perforating the target, the crushed length of the deformable missile, the crushed and cracked areas of the concrete target, and the values of the strains recorded at a number of locations in the concrete slab.

Propagation of Cross-Section Uncertainties in Criticality Calculations in the Framework of UAM-Phase I Using MCNPX-2.7e and SCALE-6.1

In the framework of the OECD/NEA project on Benchmark for Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM) for Design, Operation, and Safety Analysis of LWRs, several approaches and codes are being used to deal with the exercises proposed in Phase I, “Specifications and Support Data for Neutronics Cases.” At UPM, our research group treats these exercises with sensitivity calculations and the “sandwich formula” to propagate cross-section uncertainties. Two different codes are employed to calculate the sensitivity coefficients of to cross sections in criticality calculations: MCNPX-2.7e and SCALE-6.1. The former uses the Differential Operator Technique and the latter uses the Adjoint-Weighted Technique. In this paper, the main results for exercise I-2 “Lattice Physics” are presented for the criticality calculations of PWR. These criticality calculations are done for a TMI fuel assembly at four different states: HZP-Unrodded, HZP-Rodded, HFP-Unrodded, and HFP-Rodded. The results of the two different codes above are presented and compared. The comparison proves a good agreement between SCALE-6.1 and MCNPX-2.7e in uncertainty that comes from the sensitivity coefficients calculated by both codes. Differences are found when the sensitivity profiles are analysed, but they do not lead to differences in the uncertainty.

Preparing Exercise I-3: Optimization of cross-section tables using sensitivity coefficients in COBAYA3

Preparing Exercise I-3: Optimization of cross-section tables using sensitivity coefficients in COBAYA3

Influence of crude protein content, ingredient complexity, feed form, and duration of feeding of the phase I diets on productive performance and nutrient digestibility of Iberian pigs.

The influence of CP content and ingredient complexity, feed form, and duration of feeding of the Phase I diets on growth performance and total tract apparent digestibility -TTAD- of energy and nutrients was studied in Iberian pigs weaned at 28 d of age. There were 12 dietary treatments with 2 type of feeds -high-quality, HQ; and low-quality, LQ-, 2 feed forms -pellets vs. mash-, and 3 durations -7, 14, and 21 d- of supply of the Phase I diets.

Local effects of depth-dependent water content of ice and snow and firn layers temperature on a conjectured subglacial lake below Amundsenisen Icefield (Svalbard)

It is known that the Amundsenisen Icefield in Southern Spitzbergen (Svalbard achipelago) is temperate with an upper layer of snow and firn. It is an accumulation area and, though ice/water mass balance is clearly subject to time evolution, observation data on the long-term elevation changes over the past 40 years (Nuth et al., 2010) allow to assume constant icefield surface. Within our study of the plausibility of a subglacial lake (Glowacki et al., 2007), here, we focus on the sensitivity of the system to the thermal effect of the firn and snow layers.

Ice volume estimates from ground-penetrating radar surveys, western Nordenskiöld Land glaciers, Svalbard

As part of ongoing work within the SvalGlac project aimed to obtain a reliable estimate of the total ice volume of Svalbard glaciers and their potential contribution to sea level rise, in this contribution we present volume calculations, with detailed error estimates, for ten glaciers on western Nordenskiöld Land, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The volume estimates are based upon a dense net of GPR-retrieved ice thickness data collected over several field campaigns spanning the period 1999-2012, all of them except one within 2010-2012. The total area and volume of the ensemble are 113.38±0.09 km2 and 10.439±0.185 km3, respectively, while the individual areas, volumes and average ice thickness lie within 2.5-49.1 km2, 0.08-5.48 km3 and 29-108 m, respectively. The maximum recorded ice thickness, 265±15 m, corresponds to Fridtjovbreen, which has also the largest average thickness (108±1m). Available empirical formulae for Svalbard glaciers overestimate the total volume of these glaciers by 24% with respect to our calculation. On the basis of the pattern of scattering in the radargrams, we also analyse the hydrothermal structure of these glaciers. Nine out of ten are polythermal, while only one is entirely cold.

Ice volume estimates from ground-penetrating radar surveys, Wedel Jarlsberg Land glaciers, Svalbard

One of the aims of the SvalGlac project is to obtain an improved estimate, with reliable error estimates, of the volume of Svalbard glaciers and their potential contribution to sea level rise. As part of this work, we present volume calculations, with detailed error estimates, for eight glaciers on Wedel Jarlsberg Land, southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The volume estimates are based upon a dense net of GPR-retrieved ice thickness data collected over several field campaigns spanning the period 2004-2011. The total area and volume of the ensemble are 502.9±18.6 km2 and 80.72±2.85 km3, respectively. Excluding Ariebreen (a tiny glacier, menor que 0.4 km2 in area), the individual areas, volumes and average ice thickness lie within 4.7-141.0 km2, 0.30-25.85 km3 and 64-183 m, respectively. The maximum recorded ice thickness, ca. 619±13 m, is found in Austre Torellbreen. To estimate the ice volume of small non-echo-sounded tributary glaciers, we used a function providing the best fit to the ice thickness along the centre line of a collection of such tributaries where echo-soundings were available, and assuming parabolic cross-sections. We did some tests on the effect on the measured ice volumes of the distinct radio-wave velocity (RWV) of firn as compared to ice, and cold versus temperate ice, concluding that the changes in volume implied by such corrections were within the error bounds of our volume estimate using a constant RWV for the entire glacier inferred from common mid-point measurements on the upper ablation area.

Plausibility of a subglacial lake under Amundsenisen Icefield (Svalbard): spatially variable water content and sensitivity to thermal effect of snow and firn layers

Within our study of the plausibility of a subglacial lake under the Amundsenisen Icefield in Southern Spitzbergen, Svalbard achipelago (Glowacki et al., 2007), here we focus on the sensitivity of the system to the thermal effect of the firn and snow layers. Rough heat balance analysis shows that the firn layer plays an important role by driving the heat release to the atmosphere, so that its influence on the ice-water phase transition cannot be neglected (Bucchignani et al., 2012).

Similitud melódica como transformación de cadenas I.

He aquı una nueva serie de tres artıculos que investigan desde un punto de vista divulgativo la relacion entre la similitud melódica y la teoría de cadenas (una rama de la computación). La similitud melódica, bajo ciertas hipótesis que simplifican el complejo fenómeno que es, se puede con- cebir como un problema de comparación de cadenas, donde las cadenas aquí representan sucesiones de notas. En un artículo titulado Comparison of musical sequences Mongeau y Sankoff [MS90]explotaron esta idea. En esta serie glosaremos su trabajo con detalle. En el artículo de este mes (I) discutimos el concepto de similitud melódica, por la parte musical, el concepto de comparación de cadenas, con especial ́enfasis en la distancia de edici ón, y finalmente analizamos los aspectos computacionales de dicha distancia.

El aprendizaje por indagación I.

Este artículo explora cómo se puede usar el aprendizaje por indagación en la enseñanza de las matemáticas. En las matemáticas hace años que se emplea bajo múltiples formas: aprendizaje por resolución de problemas, el método Moore, aprendizaje por proyectos, aprendizaje orientado al proceso, entre otros. En la música, a la luz de nuestro más leal conocimiento, parece que apenas está implantado.

Transformaciones rítmicas: de binarizaciones y ternarizaciones I

Este artículo es el primero de una serie de tres sobre la cuestión de las transformaciones rítmicas. En ella estudiaremos las transformaciones de ritmos binarios a ternarios y viceversa, fenómenos que reciben los nombres de binarización y ternarización, respectivamente. Como ilustración, examinaremos el proceso de binarización de ritmos ternarios descrito por Rolando Pérez en su libro La binarización de los ritmos ternarios africanos en América Latina [Pér86]. Por supuesto, los aspectos matemáticos y computacionales de las transformaciones rítmicas no faltarán en esta serie. En este primer artículo analizaremos el concepto de transformación rítmica en la música; en el segundo artículo ilustraremos la transformación rítmica a partir de la binarizacion y la ternarización (nos inspiraremos en [Pér86] y [GKK+07]); en el último artículo estudiaremos los aspectos puramente matemáticos, esto es, la transformación rítmica como transformación matemática.