"Pour l'amour de Dieu": des missionnaires coréens à la rencontre des Anicinabek

Cette recherche vise à comprendre comment le processus d’évangélisation fonctionne à l’époque contemporaine, caractérisée par la globalisation. Elle prend comme étude de cas les activités missionnaires d’une église coréenne évangélique dans une communauté anicinabe du Québec (Abitibi). L’analyse d’une séquence de mission estivale relate la rencontre entre deux groupes représentant chacun l’un pour l’autre l’altérité radicale : des jeunes non occidentaux et qui ne sont pas missionnaires de carrière, face à des enfants amérindiens et à leurs parents plus familiers avec le catholicisme. Du côté des missionnaires, l’analyse révèle les motivations, les objectifs, les stratégies employées et les impacts potentiels de ce temps hors du quotidien. Du côté des Anicinabek, elle montre la variété des réponses, dont la réception, principalement autour de la notion de guérison, et les limites de la réciprocité recherchée.

La communauté du dehors : imaginaire social et représentations du crime au Québec (XIXe-XXe siècle)

La société québécoise a, comme toutes les sociétés, ses crimes et criminels légendaires. Or, si ces faits divers célèbres ont fait l’objet, dans les dernières décennies, de quelques reconstitutions historiographiques, on connaît beaucoup moins, en revanche, le mécanisme de leur légendarisation, le processus historique et culturel par lequel ils passent du « fait divers » au fait mémorable. C’est d’abord ce processus que s’attache à étudier cette thèse de doctorat, qui porte sur quatre crimes célèbres des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles (le meurtre du seigneur de Kamouraska [1839] ainsi que les crimes commis par « la Corriveau » [1763], par le « docteur l’Indienne » [1829] et par les « brigands du Cap-Rouge » [1834-1835]) : pour chacun de ces cas particuliers, l’analyse reconstitue la généalogie des représentations du crime et du criminel de manière à retracer la fabrication et l’évolution d’une mémoire collective. Celles-ci font chaque fois intervenir un système complexe de discours : au croisement entre les textes de presse, les récits issus de la tradition orale et les textes littéraires, l’imaginaire social fabrique, à partir de faits criminels ordinaires, de grandes figures antagoniques, incarnations du mal ou avatars du diable. Ce vaste processus d’antagonisation est en fait largement tributaire d’une époque (le XIXe siècle) où, dans les sociétés occidentales, le « crime » se trouve soudainement placé au cœur de toutes les préoccupations sociales et politiques : l’époque invente un véritable engouement littéraire pour le crime de même que tout un arsenal de savoirs spécialisés, d’idées nouvelles et de technologies destinées à connaître, mesurer et enrayer la criminalité. Dès les premières décennies du XIXe siècle, le phénomène se propage de ce côté-ci de l’Atlantique. Dans la foulée, les grands criminels qui marquent la mémoire collective sont appelés à devenir des ennemis imaginaires particulièrement rassembleurs : figures d’une altérité radicale, ils en viennent à constituer le repoussoir contre lequel, à partir du XIXe siècle, s’est en partie instituée la société québécoise.

O outro artificial e a alteridade na cultura pós-moderna

A presente pesquisa nasceu a partir de inquietações frente a um fenômeno que mostra a fascinação de homens que se relacionam com bonecas realistas – Real Dolls. Estas modelos simulam de forma perfeccionista altura, peso, forma, textura, cor, sexo, como se fossem “de carne e osso”, mas são “de metal e silicone”. As bonecas, contudo, não são meros brinquedos sexuais, pois adquirem muitas vezes a função de companhia, colocando em cheque a própria dimensão da alteridade. Esta relação construída artificialmente funciona, portanto, como um disparador de indagações acerca do outro e da atualidade. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma discussão teórica, de cunho psicanalítico, a respeito da noção de alteridade na cultura contemporânea. Para isso, seguimos a trilha de questões chave: quem são o outro e a alteridade? Qual o seu lugar na cultura atual? Estaria a alteridade ameaçada pelo simulacro? Como pensar tal “negação da alteridade” sob o prisma da pós-modernidade? Seguindo este fio condutor, colocou-se em foco complexidades de um outro ao mesmo tempo familiar e estranho, ora configurado a partir de um “estrangeiro ao eu”, ora como um “eu estrangeiro” – remetendo à alteridade radical que constitui o eu, o inconsciente. A referência à atualidade se dá a partir do embate entre modernos e pós-modernos, onde se destaca a apreensão de uma sociedade regida pelo espetáculo narcísico e de um sujeito extremamente individualista, hedonista e consumista. Ganha espaço neste contexto a figura de um “outro artificial” que obedece a lógica perversa de predação que configura a primazia do eu em detrimento da alteridade. Desta forma, o outro se revela um artifício e a alteridade uma presença/ausência que joga com as aparências da atualidade e escamoteia seu “corpo” em uma aparente familiaridade. Assim, a alteridade persiste e desloca-se, fundamentando o outro como elemento que estrutura e desestrutura o sujeito, dando uma peculiaridade inevitavelmente “alteritária” para o mal-estar contemporâneo. Assim, o outro é, por um lado, descartável, pois a lógica narcísica proclama a autossuficiência do eu-ideal, enquanto, por outro lado, é a peça chave do espetáculo. É importante ponderar, portanto, que o lugar da alteridade está garantido, ainda que maquiado pela indiferença, ao contrário da impressão passada pelo panorama que deixa a entender sua extinção.

Diásporas de encantados na Amazônia Bragantina

Partindo de exercícios etnográficos, o texto apresenta experiências diaspóricas de mulheres rezadeiras que, ao migrarem do Nordeste brasileiro para a “Amazônia Bragantina”, no Estado do Pará, a partir da década de 1950, tiveram suas vidas marcadas pelo processo de iniciação junto a entidades da encantaria brasileira (Prandi, 2004). Em viagens noturnas a cemitérios, transfigurações, transportes físicos, vidências e andanças em corpos de animais, ventos e águas, essas rezadeiras revisitaram “mundos” e “tempos” imemoriais, passando a dialogar com pajés e “poderosos” rezadores do Maranhão, Paraíba, Piauí e Ceará, deixando ver pessoas e encantados em outros sentidos de deslocamento. A crença na capacidade das entidades de acompanhar as pessoas detentoras do “dom de rezar” até o Pará, bem como de transitarem continuamente nesses locais, nomadizando-se (Deleuze; Guattari, 1995) entre o “lá” e o “aqui”, constitui o fenômeno da “diáspora dos encantados” (Brah, 2011; Hall, 1999, 2009). A convivência com essas mulheres ensina, entre outros aspectos, a defender concepções de encontros e deslocamentos de culturas que percebam a alteridade radical da cosmologia das ciências humanas, mesmo quando esta se crê fielmente situada em lugares de partida, movimentos de passagem ou chegada, esquecendo, muitas vezes, que se trata não de lugar, mas de trânsitos materiais e simbólicos.

The Value Of The 2005 International Society Of Urological Pathology (isup) Modified Gleason Grading System As A Predictor Of Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy.

To compare time and risk to biochemical recurrence (BR) after radical prostatectomy of two chronologically different groups of patients using the standard and the modified Gleason system (MGS). Cohort 1 comprised biopsies of 197 patients graded according to the standard Gleason system (SGS) in the period 1997/2004, and cohort 2, 176 biopsies graded according to the modified system in the period 2005/2011. Time to BR was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier product-limit analysis and prediction of shorter time to recurrence using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Patients in cohort 2 reflected time-related changes: striking increase in clinical stage T1c, systematic use of extended biopsies, and lower percentage of total length of cancer in millimeter in all cores. The MGS used in cohort 2 showed fewer biopsies with Gleason score ≤ 6 and more biopsies of the intermediate Gleason score 7. Time to BR using the Kaplan-Meier curves showed statistical significance using the MGS in cohort 2, but not the SGS in cohort 1. Only the MGS predicted shorter time to BR on univariate analysis and on multivariate analysis was an independent predictor. The results favor that the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology modified system is a refinement of the Gleason grading and valuable for contemporary clinical practice.

Chemical Composition And Free Radical-scavenging, Anticancer And Anti-inflammatory Activities Of The Essential Oil From Ocimum Kilimandscharicum.

The essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (EOOK), collected in Dourados-MS, was investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and chemical composition. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oil was evaluated for free radical-scavenging activity using the DPPH assay and was tested in an anticancer assay against ten human cancer cell lines. The response parameter (GI50) was calculated for the cell lines tested. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice. The chemical composition showed 45 components with a predominance of monoterpenes, such as camphor (51.81%), 1,8 cineole (20.13%) and limonene (11.23%). The EOOK exhibited potent free radical-scavenging activity by the DPPH assay with a GI50 of 8.31 μg/ml. The major constituents, pure camphor (IC50=12.56 μg/ml) and mixture of the limonene: 1, 8 cineole (IC50=23.25 μg/ml) displayed a potent activity. The oral administration of EOOK (at 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)), as well as the pure camphor or a mixture of 1,8 cineole with limonene, significantly inhibited the carrageenan (Cg) induced pleurisy, reducing the migration of total leukocytes in mice by 82 ± 4% (30 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 95 ± 4% (100 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 83 ± 9% (camphor) and 80 ± 5% (mixture of 1,8 cineole:limonene 1:1). In vitro cytotoxicity screening against a human ovarian cancer cell line displayed high selectivity and potent anticancer activity with GI50=31.90 mg ml(-1). This work describes the anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant effects of EOOK for the first time. The essential oil exhibited marked anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects, an effect that can be attributed the presence of majorital compounds, and the response profiles from chemical composition differed from other oils collected in different locales.

Preservation Of The External Jugular Vein In Bilateral Radical Neck Dissections: Technique In Two Cases And Review Of The Literature.

Context. The possibility of cephalic venous hypertension with the resultant facial edema and elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure continues to challenge head and neck surgeons who perform bilateral radical neck dissections during simultaneous or staged procedures. Case Report. The staged procedure in patients who require bilateral neck dissections allows collateral venous drainage to develop, mainly through the internal and external vertebral plexuses, thereby minimizing the risks of deleterious consequences. Nevertheless, this procedure has disadvantages, such as a delay in definitive therapy, the need for a second hospitalization and anesthesia, and the risk of cutting lymphatic vessels and spreading viable cancer cells. In this paper, we discuss the rationale and feasibility of preserving the external jugular vein. Considering the limited number of similar reports in the literature, two cases in which this procedure was accomplished are described. The relevant anatomy and technique are reviewed and the patients' outcomes are discussed. Conclusion. Preservation of the EJV during bilateral neck dissections is technically feasible, fast, and safe, with clinically and radiologically demonstrated patency.

HPLC microfractionation of flavones and antioxidant (radical scavenging) activity of Saccharum officinarum L.

The antioxidant activity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice towards DPPH reagent was determined (EC50) and the main compounds with radical scavenging activity in juice and leaves extracts were identified by HPLC-UV/PAD analysis combined with HPLC microfractionation monitored by TLC using β-carotene and DPPH as the detection reagents. In sugarcane leaves, luteolin-8-C-(rhamnosylglucoside) (1) was the most important compound with radical scavenging activity; in sugarcane juice, the flavones diosmetin-8-C-glucoside (2), vitexin (3) schaftoside (9), isoschaftoside (10) and 4',5'-dimethyl-luteolin-8-C-glucoside (11) were the most relevant compounds. The content of juice flavonoids (0.241 ± 0.001 mg total flavonoids/mL juice), comparable to other food sources of flavonoids, suggest the potential of sugarcane as a dietary source of natural antioxidants. However, the low antioxidant ability of sugarcane juice (EC50 = 100.2 ± 2.6 g L-1) also points to the need for further studies about the dietary intake of sugarcane flavonoids and its effects on human health.

Caracterização físico-química de polpas de frutos da Amazônia e sua correlação com a atividade anti-radical livre

Características físico-químicas (cor, pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, conteúdo de lipídios e umidade) e níveis de compostos bioativos (ácido ascórbico, fenólicos totais) foram determinados em quinze amostras de polpas de frutos procedentes da região Amazônica (abiu, acerola, açaí, araçá-boi, bacaba, bacuri, buriti, cajá, cajarana, caju, cupuaçu, graviola, murici, noni e tamarindo). A atividade de radicais livres foi avaliada pelo método de ABTS. Algumas polpas apresentaram alta potencialidade antioxidante, associada com a atividade antirradicais livres obtida e os conteúdos dos componentes bioativos como compostos fenólicos e ácido ascórbico, destacando-se acerola e acaí. O conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos foi correlacionado à capacidade antioxidante das polpas.

Ergonomic Aspects Related to Surgeon Position in Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Purpose: The aim is to evaluate the level of inclination of the surgeon's spinal column (ISSC) while performing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) when using one trocar on each side of the patient abdomen (""torero"" position) in two scenarios: With and without a thin head supporter adapted to the table. Materials and Methods: Based on trigonometric principles, we elaborated a formula to calculate the ISSC for a determined surgeon and surgical table while performing LRP in the torero position. The parameters considered were the width of the surgical table (m), the distance between the surgeon's anterior superior iliac spines (q), and the distance from the central point between the surgeon's anterior superior iliac spines to the surgeon's head (h). We used the formula alpha = 90 degree-cos(-1)(b/h) (where b = q/2 + m/2) in an Excel sheet to calculate the angle of inclination of the surgeon's spinal column. We applied the measures of 12 surgeons with different biotypes of our staff to calculate the ISSC with and without the thin head supporter. Results: The use of a thin head supporter reduced the mean ISCC in the torero position from 36.1 +/- 3.73 degrees (range 31.3 to 49.8 degrees) to 22.1 +/- 4.9 degrees (range 18.7 to 32.9 degrees), which corresponds to a reduction of 38.8% in the mean angle of inclination. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of a thin head supporter adapted to the surgical table objectively reduces lateral inclination of the surgeon's spinal column in the torero position, making LRP a more comfortable procedure.

Single reaction interface flow system for chemiluminescent monitoring of mannitol based on its hydroxyl radical scavenger activity

A single reaction interface flow analysis (SIFA) system for the monitoring of mannitol in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine is presented. The developed approach takes advantage of the mannitol scavenger aptitude to inhibit the chemiluminescent reaction between luminol and myoglobin in the absence of H(2)O(2). The SIFA system facilitated the fully automation of the developed methodology, allowing the in-line reproducible handling of chemical species with a very short lifetime as is the case of the hydroxyl radical generated in the abovementioned luminol/myoglobin reaction. The proposed methodology allowed the determination of mannitol concentrations between 25 mmol L(-1) and 1 mol L(-1), with good precision (R.S.D. < 4.7%, n = 3) and a sampling frequency of about 60 h(-1). The procedure was applied to the determination of mannitol in pharmaceuticals and in human urine samples Without any pretreatment process. The results obtained for pharmaceutical formulations were statistically comparable to those provided by the reference method (R.D. < 4.6%); recoveries values obtained in the analysis of spiked urine samples (between 94.9 and 105.3% of the added amount) were also satisfactory. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Re-examination of the anion derivatives of isoflavones by radical fragmentation in negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: experimental and computational studies

This paper reports theoretical and experimental studies of gas-phase fragmentation reactions of four naturally occurring isoflavones. The samples were analyzed in negative ion mode by direct infusion in ESI-QqQ, ESI-QqTOF and ESI-Orbitrap systems. The MS/MS and MS(n) spectra are in agreement with the fragmentation proposals and high-resolution analyses have confirmed the formulae for each ion observed. As expected, compounds with methoxyl aromatic substitution have showed a radical elimination of center dot CH(3) as the main fragmentation pathway. A second radical loss (center dot H) occurs as previously observed for compounds which exhibit a previous homolytic center dot CH(3) cleavage (radical anion) and involves radical resonance to stabilize the anion formed. However, in this study we suggest another mechanism for the formation of the main ions, on the basis of the enthalpies for each species. Compounds without methoxy substituent dissociate at the highest energies and exhibit the deprotonated molecule as the most intense ion. Finally, energy-resolved experiments were carried out to give more details about the gas-phase dissociation reaction of the isoflavones and the results are in agreement with the theoretical approaches. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bixin and lycopene modulation of free radical generation induced by cisplatin-DNA interaction

This work evaluated the Modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the cisplatin-human DNA interaction in a cell-free experimental model by the carotenoids bixin and lycopene extracted from, natural dietary Sources and purified through luminol- and Cypridina luciferin methoxy-analogue (MCLA)- enhanced chemiluminescence assays. The results showed that the ROS generation by DNA-cisplatin interaction was inhibited by both lycopene and bixin in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration of 100 mu M, lycopene and bixin inhibited Superoxide anion (O center dot(2)) generation at 90% and 82%, respectively, and the total ROS generation at 44% and 42%, respectively. The formation of significant amounts of isomers or degradation products of both carotenoids was not observed after ROS scavenging, as evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Taken together, these results Suggest that carotenoids can be helpful to Modulate the oxidative stress found in cancer therapy with cisplatin. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cyclopropyl fatty acids implicate a radical but not a cation as an intermediate in P450(BM3)-catalysed hydroxylations

Novel cyclopropyl containing fatty acids are good substrates for P450(BM3) catalysed hydroxylation and analysis of their oxidation products indicates the presence of a radical intermediate (maximum rebound rate 2.6x10(10) s(-1)) and the absence of any cationic intermediate.