Montserrat port pricing analysis

Includes bibliography

Pricing of Product Variants

Työn tutkimusongelma oli selventää, tutkia ja analysoida dynaamisen hinnoittelun tekijät ja mahdollisuudet tuotevarianttien hinnoittelussa. Tutkimusongelman selvittämiseksi työlle asetettiin 8 tavoitetta - Saada selville miksi tuotevarianttien hinnoittelu on ongelmallista - Esittää kuinka tuotevarianttien hinnat teoreettisesti tulisi asettaa - Tunnistaa tuotevarianttien hinnoittelun ulottuvuudet ja selvittää dynaamisen hinnoittelun edut staattiseen hinnoitteluun verrattuna - Esitellä analyysikehikko hinnoittelun tilan analysointiin - Tunnistaa dynaamisen hinnoittelun tuotevarianteille suomat mahdollisuudet - Etsiä soveltuvat hinnoittelumenetelmät tuotevarianttien dynaamiseen hinnoitteluun - Analysoida tuotevariantteja myyvän yrityksen hinnoittelu - Tunnistaa ja arvioida dynaamisen hinnoittelun edut yritykselle Diplomityössä käytettiin useita tutkimusmenetelmiä. Perustieto haettiin kirjallisuustutkimuksella ja sitä täydennettiin haastatteluilla. Tutkimusprosessi alkoi tutkimuksella tuotevarianttien hinnoittelusta ja kirjallisuuden perusteella luotiin näkökulma ja yleiset kehityssuunnat tarkempaa tutkimusta varten. Kaksi tärkeintä tuotevariaatioiden hinnoitteludimensiota tunnistettiin ja niiden analysointia varten luotiin nelikenttämalli. Kirjallisuustutkimuksen ja tarkemman kohdeyrityksen tarkastelun perusteella dynaaminen tuotelinjahinnoittelu on tuotevarianttien dynaamisen hinnoittelun tavoitetila. Nelikenttämallia käytettiin kohdeyrityksen hinnoittelun tilan arviointiin ja dynaamisen hinnoittelun suurimmat hyödyt löydettiin. Tutkimuksen päätulokset ovat - Hinnoittelun dynaamisuutta tulee tuotevarianteilla tutkia hinnoittelun älykkyyden ja kehittyneisyyden kanssa - Tuotevariaatioiden hinnoittelun tavoitetila on dynaaminen tuotelinjahinnoittelu - Hinnoittelun kehittäminen staattisesta dynaamiseen tuo huomattavia etuja - Tärkein etu on parempi hintojen hallinta ja mahdollisuus johtaa hintoja tehokkaasti. Tämän vuoksi hinnoitteluanalyysissa havaittiin selvästi lisääntyneitä voittoja - Hinnoittelun älykkyyden nostaminen hyödyttää yritystä ja saa aikaan lisäyksen voitoissa

Preços de transferência – o caso português

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Auditoria, sob orientação da Mestre Gabriela Pinheiro

A JOINT EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF INVESTOR BEHAVIOR IN IPO PRICING METHODS

This article jointly examines the differences of laboratory versions of the Dutch clock open auction, a sealed-bid auction to represent book building, and a two-stage sealed bid auction to proxy for the “competitive IPO”, a recent innovation used in a few European equity initial public offerings. We investigate pricing, seller allocation, and buyer welfare allocation efficiency and conclude that the book building emulation seems to be as price efficient as the Dutch auction, even after investor learning, whereas the competitive IPO is not price efficient, regardless of learning. The competitive IPO is the most seller allocative efficient method because it maximizes offer proceeds. The Dutch auction emerges as the most buyer welfare allocative efficient method. Underwriters are probably seeking pricing efficiency rather than seller or buyer welfare allocative efficiency and their discretionary pricing and allocation must be important since book building is prominent worldwide.

Effects of unit - based pricing on the waste collection demand : a meta - regression analysis

We perform a meta - analysis of 21 studies that estimate the elasticity of the price of waste collection demand upon waste quantities, a prior literature review having revealed that the price elasticity differs markedly. Based on a meta - regression with a total of 65 observations, we find no indication that municipal data give higher estimates for price elasticities than those associated with household data. Furthermore, there is no evidence that treating prices as exogenous underestimates the price elasticity. We find that much of the variation can be explained by sample size, the use of a weight - based as opposed to a volume - based pricing system, and the pricing of compostable waste. We also show that price elasticities determined in the USA and point estimations of elasticities are more elastic, but these effects are not robust to the changing of model specifications. Finally, our tests show that there is no evidence of publication bias while there is some evidence of the existence of genuine empirical effect.

An analysis on the network access pricing rules

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Improving the analysis of road pricing acceptability surveys by using hybrid models

Several international studies have analyzed the acceptability of road pricing schemes by means of an attitude survey in combination with the results of a stated choice experiment using both a descriptive analysis and a discrete-choice model with binary choice (?accept? or ?not accept? the toll). However, the use of hybrid discrete choice models constitutes an innovative alternative for integrating subjective attitudes and perceptions deriving from the survey of attitudes with the more objective variables from the stated choice experiment. This paper analyzes the results of applying these models to measure the acceptability of interurban road pricing among different groups of stakeholders (road freight and passenger operators, highway concessionaires, and associations of private car users) with qualitatively significant opinions on road pricing measures. Our results show that hybrid models are better suited to explaining the acceptability of a road pricing scheme by different groups of stakeholders than a separate analysis of the survey of attitudes and a discrete-choice model applied on a stated choice experiment. A particular finding was that the strong psycho-social latent variable of the perception of fairness explains the rejection or acceptance of a toll scheme by road stakeholders.

The basing-point system; an economic analysis of a controversial pricing practice.

Bibliographical footnotes.

Cost-benefit analysis of alternative forms of hedgerow intercropping in the Philippine uplands

Considerable resources have been expended promoting hedgerow intercropping with shrub legumes to farmers in the Philippine uplands. Despite the resources committed to research and extension, persistent adoption by farmers has been limited to low cost versions of the technology including natural vegetation and grass strips. In this paper, cost-benefit analysis is used to compare the economic returns from traditional open-field maize farming with returns from intercropping maize between leguminous shrub hedgerows, natural vegetation strips and grass strips. An erosion/productivity model, Soil Changes Under Agroforestry, was used to predict the effect of erosion on maize yields. Key informant surveys with experienced maize farmers were used to derive production budgets for the alternative farming methods. The economic incentives revealed by the cost-benefit analysis help to explain the adoption of maize farming methods in the Philippine uplands. Open-field farming without hedgerows has been by far the most popular method of maize production, often with two or more fields cropped in rotation. There is little persistent adoption of hedgerow intercropping with shrub legumes because sustained maize yields are not realised rapidly enough to compensate farmers for establishment and maintenance costs. Natural vegetation and grass strips are more attractive to farmers because of lower establishment costs, and provide intermediate steps to adoption. Rural finance, commodity pricing and agrarian reform policies influence the incentives for maize farmers in the Philippine uplands to adopt and maintain hedgerow intercropping.

Erosion/productivity modelling of maize farming in the Philippine uplands part III: Economic analysis of alternative farming methods

Two previous papers in this series (Nelson et al., this issue) described the use of the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) to simulate the effect of erosion on maize yields from open-field farming and hedgerow intercropping in the Philippine uplands. In this paper, maize yields simulated with APSIM are used to compare the economic viability of intercropping maize between leguminous shrub hedgerows with that of continuous and fallow open-field farming of maize. The analysis focuses on the economic incentives of upland farmers to adopt hedgerow intercropping, discussing farmers' planning horizons, access to credit and security of land tenure, as well as maize pricing in the Philippines. Insecure land tenure has limited the planning horizons of upland farmers, and high establishment costs reduce the economic viability of hedgerow intercropping relative to continuous and fallow open-field farming in the short term, In the long term, high discount rates and share-tenancy arrangements in which landlords do not contribute to establishment costs reduce the economic viability of hedgerow intercropping relative to fallow open-field farming, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pricing corporate bonds in Brazil: 2000 to 2004

This paper analyzes the factors that influence the issuing price of debentures in Brazil in the period from year 2000 to 2004, applying a factor model, in which exogenous variables explain return and price behavior. The variables in this study include: rating, choice of index, maturity, country risk, basic interest rate, long-term and short-term rate spread, the stock market index, and the foreign exchange rate. Results indicate that the index variable, probability of default and bond`s maturity influence pricing and points out associations of long-term bonds with better rating issues. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hedonic analysis of cell phones sold with post-paid service plans in Brazil

The aim of this paper is to analyze the determining factors for the pricing of handsets sold with service plans, using the hedonic price method. This was undertaken by building a database comprising 48 handset models, under nine different service plans, over a period of 53 weeks in 2008, and resulted in 27 different attributes and a total number of nearly 300,000 data registers. The results suggest that the value of monthly subscriptions and calling minutes are important to explain the prices of handsets. Furthermore, both the physical volume and number of megapixels of a camera had an effect on the prices. The bigger the handset, the cheaper it becomes, and the more megapixels a camera phone has, the more expensive it becomes. Additionally, it was found that in 2008 Brazilian phone companies were subsidizing enabled data connection handsets.