22 resultados para nonholonomic


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this paper, we address the problem of stabilisation of robots subject to nonholonommic constraints and external disturbances using port-Hamiltonian theory and smooth time-invariant control laws. This should be contrasted with the commonly used switched or time-varying laws. We propose a control design that provides asymptotic stability of an manifold (also called relative equilibria)-due to the Brockett condition this is the only type of stabilisation possible using smooth time-invariant control laws. The equilibrium manifold can be shaped to certain extent to satisfy specific control objectives. The proposed control law also incorporates integral action, and thus the closed-loop system is robust to unknown constant disturbances. A key step in the proposed design is a change of coordinates not only in the momentum, but also in the position vector, which differs from coordinate transformations previously proposed in the literature for the control of nonholonomic systems. The theoretical properties of the control law are verified via numerical simulation based on a robotic ground vehicle model with differential traction wheels and non co-axial centre of mass and point of contact.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The sliding mode approach and the multi-step control strategy are exploited to propose a stabilizing controller for uncertain nonholonomic dynamic systems with bounded inputs. This controller can stabilize the system to an arbitrarily small neighborhood about its equilibrium in a finite time .Its application to a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot is described. Simulation result shows that the proposed controller is effective

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this paper, we propose a systematic solution to the leader-follower consensus of a class of nonholonomic chained form systems. The control design, which is reminiscent of terminal sliding mode and multi-surface sliding mode control methods, is presented to guarantee the convergence of multiple sliding surfaces, which also implies the convergence of the proposed consensus error function. On these sliding surfaces, the desired leader-follower consensus can be reached for multi-agent network formed by the nonholonomic chained form systems.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The problem of robust finite-time trajectory tracking of nonholonomic mobile robots with unmeasurable velocities is studied. The contributions of the paper are that: first, in the case that the angular velocity of the mobile robot is unmeasurable, a composite controller including the observer-based partial state feedback control and the disturbance feed-forward compensation is designed, which guarantees that the tracking errors converge to zero in finite time. Second, if the linear velocity as well as the angular velocity of mobile robot is unmeasurable, with a stronger constraint, the finite-time trajectory tracking control of nonholonomic mobile robot is also addressed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control laws is demonstrated by simulation.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work, the occurrence of chaos (homoclinic scene) is verified in a robotic system with two degrees of freedom by using Poincare-Mel'nikov method. The studied problem was based on experimental results of a two-joint planar manipulator-first joint actuated and the second joint free-that resides in a horizontal plane. This is the simplest model of nonholonomic free-joint manipulators. The purpose of the present study is to verify analytically those results and to suggest a control strategy.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this paper, a trajectory tracking control problem for a nonholonomic mobile robot by the integration of a kinematic neural controller (KNC) and a torque neural controller (TNC) is proposed, where both the kinematic and dynamic models contains disturbances. The KNC is a variable structure controller (VSC) based on the sliding mode control theory (SMC), and applied to compensate the kinematic disturbances. The TNC is a inertia-based controller constituted of a dynamic neural controller (DNC) and a robust neural compensator (RNC), and applied to compensate the mobile robot dynamics, and bounded unknown disturbances. Stability analysis with basis on Lyapunov method and simulations results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文研究了静态不确定性环境下非完整轮式移动机器人路径规划问题,提出了一种实时路径规划方法--动态随机路径规划方法.此规划方法以随机路径规划方法为基础,通过对搜索图进行局部实时重构,引导机器人到达全局目标点.这种方法不仅使规划和执行很好地结合起来,而且对随机路图只做局部修改.仿真结果验证方法的有效性.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

设计了一种能够使蛇形机器人运动更灵巧、奇异点更少和运动能力更强的机构 ,对具有三个自由度的新型蛇形机器人单元进行了改进 ,在单元上增加被动轮机构 ,使其具有万向机构的特点。该单元不仅能够用被动轮驱动机器人运动 ,而且增加了类似于主动轮的驱动机构 ,克服了被动轮驱动能力弱的缺点 ,增强了机器人的运动能力。在分析非完整约束的基础上 ,对蛇形机器人的运动学和冗余度进行分析 ,提出了控制该类蛇形机器人运动的分解矩阵方法和分组交替运动法。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文就四轮非完整自主车提出了一种基于圆轨迹的道路避障策略。先将道路上的障碍按照障碍距离自主车的远近划分层次,使一个层次的障碍能在自主车视场中全部出现。然后给出基于圆轨迹的避障算法,即自主车沿由自主车出发位姿和子目标点确定的圆弧轨迹走行。在此之前推导四轮非完整车的运动模型为提出避障策略的基础准备。尽量减小自主车在走行过程中运动状态的改变,基于圆轨迹避障策略能够很好地满足这一要求。最后引入代价函数,给出对于此方法的评价,体现了本方法的优越性。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

提出了一种摩擦圆盘运动分解合成机构,理论分析表明这种运动分解合成机构具有非完整约束性,通过建立其运动学微分方程,对这种机构的运动变化和传递关系进行了计算机仿真分析,表明该运动传递机构具有可控性,这为该运动分解合成机构的应用奠定了基础。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对于一类具有轮式移动机构的非完整动力学系统,本文通过建立人工场的方法来实现其位姿镇定、轨迹跟踪和路径跟踪等控制问题。人工场用于导向和控制方向角,而通过辅助的线速度控制以获取最佳收敛路径。控制器设计中同时兼顾动力学扰动及实际系统速度和输出力矩的饱和限制,所得控制器对于跟踪问题仅需知道期望位姿,而且结构简单、鲁棒性强、便于实现。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

导向控制在非完整约束轮式移动机器人的运动控制中具有重要作用,该文通过建立人工场的方法来引导和控制方向角,通过辅助的线速度控制前进或后退,以获得最佳收敛路径;同时考虑到实际系统速度饱和限制,从而设计出一种新的非连续位姿镇定律,并将该结果扩展,使得平面内任意点-点镇定、轨迹跟踪和路径跟踪问题均可得以实现,且对于跟踪问题仅需知道期望位姿,所得控制器不权设计简单,鲁棒性强,收敛速度快,还具有一定的普遍性。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

近年来,随着机器人技术的发展,各种各样的移动机器人系统正在开始应用于工业、国防安全、公共安全、灾难救援、科学探测等领域;但是,遥控作业仍然是制约移动机器人广泛应用的一个核心问题。如何使机器人系统摆脱遥控的束缚而具有全自主行为能力,是目前机器人学领域重点研究的关键问题之一。自主环境适应能力是移动机器人最基本的自主能力之一。机器人系统需要面对不可预知的、动态的、存在时变扰动和噪声的工作环境,这通常会导致机器人动力学参数的变化,从而使传统的机器人控制技术很难得到满意的控制效果并达到自主环境适应的目的。同时,目前的移动机器人系统大都受非完整约束的影响,由于其约束的不可积性,使其控制与规划变得异常困难,因此研究移动机器人在存在不确定情况下的鲁棒控制问题,以及存在非完整约束条件下的镇定问题和规划问题具有非常重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。本文以沈阳自动化所与大连理工大学联合研制的三体船型水面移动机器人(UTV)这个典型的受不确定以及非完整约束影响的系统为背景,研究其在存在大量不确定因素及外界环境干扰条件下的鲁棒控制问题和其在受制于非完整约束情况下的镇定和运动规划问题,其中前者主要针对系统在受风、流、浪等外界干扰下的鲁棒控制问题;后者旨在解决满足非完整约束条件下的非线性系统规划与控制问题。本论文的具体内容安排如下:第1章,简单介绍了非完整系统的概念,归纳出非完整系统在控制上的两方面核心问题,即:不确定性及扰动的抑制问题和运动规划与控制问题。对解决这两类问题的现有方法进行了深入分析和综述,包括动态模型的在线估计共性方法、非完整约束系统运动控制方法、以及优化与预测控制方法,同时,介绍了本文作为仿真与实验对象的三体船型水面平台的发展概况。针对现有方法存在的问题有针对性地提出了本论文的研究内容。第2章,首先简要介绍了机器人学国家重点实验室与大连理工大学联合研制的三体船型水面移动机器人试验平台,作为本论文后续仿真与实验研究的对象,介绍了该平台的动力系统与控制系统。从运动控制的角度出发,综合考虑推力、水动力等对整个系统的动力学进行了分析,建立了完整的6自由度动力学模型以及水平面运动的简化模型。在此基础上,分析了三体船型水面移动机器人的非完整约束特性和能控性,为后续方法研究奠定了基础。第3章,提出了一种基于主动建模的鲁棒控制设计方法。对于包含难以准确建模动力学以及外来扰动等不确定性的系统,可以将其动力学模型合理简化,而将所有不确定因素以模型差的形式引入到系统中;将引入的模型差与系统原有状态组合成增广状态,构造出联合估计模型;再利用在线估计方法实时估计这个模型差;同时,将估计出的模型差利用某种控制策略反馈到控制量中,达到增强系统鲁棒性的目的。针对三体船型水面移动机器人,在理论上分析了上述方法的稳定性,并在实际三体船型水面机器人上开展了实验比较研究。实验结果表明此方法对系统中存在的各种不确定因素具有很好的抑制作用。第4章,重点研究非线性系统在线估计以及将在线与控制相结合的问题。在简要介绍可以用于非线性估计的UKF方法的基础上,针对其性能严重依赖噪声先验知识的问题,提出了一种基于主从结构的自适应滤波器设计方法。同时针对三体船型水面机器人非线性系统模型中存在的不确定性因素,提出了一种基于自适应UKF的指数跟踪控制器设计方法。仿真结果验证了自适应UKF算法的性能提高,同时验证了基于在线估计的指数跟踪控制器对时变参数与扰动的抑制作用。第5章,研究了非完整约束系统的镇定控制问题。提出了一种高维流形嵌入法;通过把二阶非完整约束系统嵌入到高维流形中,将在原空间中镇定到一个点的问题转化成在扩展的状态空间中镇定到一个子流形的问题;从而,可以将原空间不可连续反馈镇定的控制问题转化为高维流形中可连续反馈镇定控制问题,理论上证明了该方法的正确性和完备性。针对三体船型水面移动机器人的仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。第6章,针对非完整约束对移动机器人可执行轨迹的制约问题,提出了跟踪控制Lyapunov函数的概念,并将其引入到非完整系统地运动规划中,用跟踪控制Lyapunov函数来保证规划算法的收敛性和可执行性。该方法将非线性预测控制与基于跟踪控制Lyapunov函数的广义逐点最小范数控制相结合,得到了一种在保证闭环稳定性前提下的运动规划算法;理论上证明了该方法的正确性,并针对三体船型水面移动机器人动力学进行仿真验证。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

研究了移动机器人反馈控制问题.这里所考虑的机器人是一个两轮驱动的具有非完整性的移动机器人小车.考虑了笛卡儿空间中轨线跟踪问题的扩展.且表明只要参考小车保持运动,在虚设的参考小车位形周围的小车位形的稳定成为可能.提出了最优控制律并给出了仿真结果。