O QUE QUERES QUE EU TE FAÇA? - EM BUSCA DE UMA METODOLOGIA DA CONVIVÊNCIA NA AÇÃO PASTORAL PARA A POPULAÇÃO SOBRANTE DOS CENTROS URBANOS: ESTUDO DE CASO DA MISSÃO SAL EM SANTO A NDRÉ.

Um dos grandes desafios a serem enfrentados pelas cidades brasileiras é a problemática vivenciada pela população em situação de rua, cada vez mais numerosa nos centros urbanos. Essa população heterogênea e complexa vem sendo cada vez mais, alvo de discussões que buscam compreendê-la melhor, tentando quantificá-la e descrevê-la para delinear caminhos de intervenção em sua situação-limite, que melhor contemple suas necessidades. As ações pastorais adotadas com a população em situação de rua nas cidades, por sua vez, geralmente têm privilegiado o proselitismo e o assistencialismo, que acabam por reproduzir os mecanismos que os excluem e os tornam sobrantes em todos os aspectos da vida, inclusive da própria religião. Essa postura se explica por sua pastoral estar pautada no antigo paradigma de missão, no qual o assistido não tem voz e torna-se apenas um depositário de assistência e de dogmas. Na busca de uma ação pastoral alternativa, encontramos a Missão SAL, em Santo André, que realiza sua missão a partir da convivência familiar com pessoas sobrantes dos centros urbanos, como aquela que pode revelar-se uma importante expressão do rosto da missão para eles. Assim, a presente dissertação se propôs a analisar a ação pastoral da Missão SAL a partir da seguinte pergunta norteadora: A ação pastoral adotada pela Missão Sal possui suas bases em uma metodologia da convivência, que promova o diálogo, devolvendo a voz às pessoas sobrantes que acolhe, contribuindo para a construção de sua autonomia? A metodologia utilizada contou com dois momentos distintos. Iniciamos com a sistematização de referencial bibliográfico sobre a população em situação de rua, especialmente o que convencionamos chamar de sobrantes, bem como o contexto em que esta está inserida na contemporaneidade e a sistematização da bibliografia sobre o referencial teórico para uma avaliação crítica da metodologia de ação pastoral utilizada na Missão SAL. Em seguida nos detivemos ao estudo de caso, que teve como objeto a metodologia de ação pastoral da Missão SAL, em Santo André, que foi analisada a partir da observação participativa e de entrevistas não estruturadas com os moradores da casa. Essa dissertação está composta em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo buscou apresentar os sobrantes que fazem parte de um exército de excluídos e marginalizados, que vivem em situação de rua nos centros urbanos, apontando sua relação com a cidade. O segundo capítulo apresentou os resultados obtidos no estudo de caso da Missão SAL e, por fim, o terceiro capítulo procurou apontar caminhos para uma metodologia da convivência na ação pastoral para a população sobrante dos centros urbanos, como aquela que pode contribuir para a autonomia dessa população.

Chinese Men and "Leftover Women" : How do Chinese Men Position Themselves in Relation to the Concept of Labelling Women as "Leftover"?

In recent years there has been a resurgence of gender inequality in China. Today, women are pressured to get married by the state and their social surroundings, as they told if they remain unmarried and have the "three highs"; high age, education and salary, they will become leftovers on the marriage market. Previous research on the concept of labelling women as "leftover" has 4 shown that labelling women as "leftover" can have several different negative impacts. In this thesis, both the theory of masculine hegemony and the theory of symbolic interaction have been used. The concept creates a hegemonic masculinity as it is a normative practice that promotes the subordination of women. However, as the concept is based on the notion that all Chinese men, or at least those of relevant social standing, would find the "three highs" undesirable, it is relevant to see how Chinese men in fact do position themselves in relation to the hegemonic masculinity on an individual level. In symbolic interaction, the concept of gender is created through social construction when people attach special meanings to the sex of a person, a process which is called "doing gender". Therefore symbolic interaction is used to see what special meaning Chinese men attach to women having the "three highs" and masculine hegemony to put their answers into a larger context. If it could be shown that Chinese men do not comply with the hegemonic masculinity, Chinese women would not have to feel obliged to adjust to the hegemonic masculinity and thereby making it easier for them to pursue higher education, high paying jobs and marrying at a later age. However, as this thesis is a qualitative study, and therefore a limited number of data subjects, the generalizability of the result should not be exaggerated. The interviews that were conducted for this thesis showed that the data subjects were familiar with the concept and that they considered it to be natural for there to be women China labelled as "leftover". Nevertheless, in relation to their own marital choices, the data subjects did not attach the negative meaning as set out by the hegemonic masculinity, a result which to some extent was confirmed by the data subjects’ experiences and other control questions. The result is interesting, and enforces Connell and MesserSchmidt’s theory, that even though a hegemonic masculinity is normative, not everyone has to comply with it. As the cornerstone of the concept is that Chinese men find women with the "three highs" undesirable, the result of the study shows that there is a need for the concept to be further examined and questioned.

Tracking people in 3D using position, size and shape

This paper presents a prototype tracking system for tracking people in enclosed indoor environments where there is a high rate of occlusions. The system uses a stereo camera for acquisition, and is capable of disambiguating occlusions using a combination of depth map analysis, a two step ellipse fitting people detection process, the use of motion models and Kalman filters and a novel fit metric, based on computationally simple object statistics. Testing shows that our fit metric outperforms commonly used position based metrics and histogram based metrics, resulting in more accurate tracking of people.

Marketing unions to young people : recruiting and ‘rusting on’

In light of declining trade union density, specifically amongst young workers, this paper explores how trade unions are servicing and organising young people. Our specific focus is the way in which trade unions market their services to the young. We use, as a lens of analysis, the services marketing literature and the concept of an ‘experience good’ to explore trade union strategies. Based on interviews with a number of Queensland union officials, it is clear unions see the issue of recruitment of young people as significant, and that resources are being targeted on the development of innovative strategies at least in some unions.

Levels of cardiac knowledge and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among older people in Queensland

Objectives: The current study was conducted to determine levels of cardiac knowledge and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in older people in Queensland, Australia.---------- Methods: A telephone survey of 4490 Queensland adults examined respondents’ knowledge of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, knowledge of heart attack symptoms, knowledge of the local emergency telephone number, as well as respondents’ rates and recency of training in CPR.---------- Results: Older participants, aged 60 years and over, were approximately one and a half times more likely than the 30–39 year-old reference group to have limited knowledge of heart disease risk factors (OR = 1.53), and low knowledge of heart attack symptoms (OR = 1.60). Knowledge of the local emergency telephone number also decreased with age. Older participants had significantly lower rates of training in CPR, with almost three quarters (71.7%) reporting that they had never been trained. Older people who had completed CPR training were significantly less likely to have done so recently.---------- Conclusions: Cardiac knowledge levels and CPR training rates in older Queensland persons were lower than those found in the younger population.

Poor functional health literacy : the silent disability for older people

In this information age, people are confronted by verbal, visual and written information. This is especially important in the health field, where information is needed to follow directions, understand prescriptions and undertake preventive behaviours. If provided in written form, much of this information may be inaccessible to people who cannot adequately read. Although poor literacy skills affect all groups in the population, older adults with fewer years of education seem to be particularly disadvantaged by an increasing reliance on written communication of health information. With older age comes a higher risk of illness and disability and a greater potential need to access the health system. As a result, poor literacy skills of older individuals may directly impact their health status. This paper explores the link between functional literacy and health, particularly for the older population, provides strategies to practitioners for the management of this problem, and suggests research initiatives in this area.