Sovelletun rentoutuksen vaikutus psyykkiseen työhyvinvointiin ja sykevaihteluun

Research reveals that more than every fourth Finn experiences work-related exhaustion to some degree. Stress and exhaustion have psychological and physical expressions. The main physical factor in stress is the overloading of the autonomic nervous system, which can be measured for instance by variations of heart rate. Studies show that the work field, management and authority of the work, skill developmental possibilities, and social support inhibit stress overload. The practising of self-relaxation techniques possible inhibits working stress and exhaustion. In this study of preventive rehabilitation, the focus was on the effects of the training of applied relaxation on psychological and physiological variables of stress and empowerment of resources. Participants (n=73) were basically healthy and capable of working, 25-40 of age, workers from the field of mental work. They practised applied relaxation under group conduction for seven weeks. The aim was to learn to relax easily even in everyday occasions. The subjects were tested thirdly. After the first measurement, they were grouped into two groups, of which the first group started the relaxation training. The second group began practising half a year after the second measurement. The third measurement was done one year after the beginning of the study. It was hypothesised that the training of applied relaxation would significantly reduce stress on both psychological and physiological variables and that these variables would correlate positively. Results revealed that the training of applied relaxation reduced psychological stress symptoms rather modestly. The changes were more significant in women, who experienced a slight increase in self-directivity. Physical changes were slight decreases of the sympathetic activation. The correlations of psychological and physiological variables were modest. Some changes were reduced after the active training. There was a positive interrelation between experienced work-related demands of efficiency, insufficient social support and exhaustion. There was a tendency to significance between skill developmental possibilities and psychological stress symptoms. Further implications of the results were discussed.

The relationships between work stressors and organizational performance in long-term care for elderly residents

This study investigates the relationships between work stressors and organizational performance in terms of the quality of care provided by the long-term care facilities. Work stressors are first examined in relation to the unit's structural factors, resident characteristics, and to the unit specialization. The study is completed by an investigation into the associations of work stressors such as job demands or time pressure, role ambiguity, resident-related stress, and procedural injustice to organizational performance. Also the moderating effect of job control in the job demands organizational performance relationship is examined. The study was carried out in the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES). Survey data were drawn from 1194 nursing employees in 107 residential-home and health-center inpatient units in 1999 and from 977 employees in 91 units in 2002. Information on the unit resident characteristics and the quality of care was provided by the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI). The results showed that large unit size or lower staffing levels were not consistently related to work stressors, whereas the impairments in residents' physical functioning in particular initiated stressful working conditions for employees. However, unit specialization into dementia and psychiatric residents was found to buffer the effects that the resident characteristics had on employee appraisals of work stressors, in that a high proportion of behavioral problems was related to less time pressure and role conflicts for employees in specialized units. Unit specialization was also related to improved team climates and the organizational commitment of employees. Work stressors associated with problems in care quality. Time pressure explained most of the differences between units in how the employees perceived the quality of physical and psychosocial care they provide for the residents. A high level of job demands in the unit was also found to be related to some increases in all clinical quality problems. High job control buffered the effects of job demands on the quality of care in terms of the use of restraints on elderly residents. Physical restraint and especially antipsychotic drug use were less prevalent in units that combined both high job demands and high control for employees. In contrast, in high strain units where heavy job demands coincided with a lack of control for employees, quality was poor in terms of the frequent use of physical restraints. In addition, procedural injustice was related to the frequent use of antianxiety of hypnotic drugs for elderly residents. The results suggest that both job control and procedural justice may have improved employees' abilities to cope when caring for the elderly residents, resulting in better organizational performance.

Työhön liittyvien psykososiaalisten kuormitustekijöiden tunnistaminen – Case Fazer Leipomot Oy

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Fazer Leipomot Oy:n tuotannon työntekijöiden hyvinvointia ja heidän työssään havaitsemiaan psykososiaalisia riski- ja kuormitustekijöitä. Taustalla oli organisaation ja työntekijän kehittäminen sekä työn mielekkyyden lisääminen. Työntekijän kuormituksesta johtuva stressi on myös yhteydessä työssäpysymisasenteeseen. Tutkimuksen avulla pyrittiin luomaan kehitysehdotuksia kohti terveempää organisaatiota. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin teemahaastattelujen avulla (n=12). Haastatteluiden pohjana toimi Maailman terveysjärjestö WHO:n luomat linjaukset psykososiaalisten riskien hallintaan (PRIMA–EF). Nämä teemat olivat työn sisältö, työmäärä ja –tahti, työaikamuoto, työn hallinta, työympäristö ja välineet, organisaatiokulttuuri ja toiminta, sosiaaliset suhteet, rooli organisaatiossa, työuran kehitys sekä työn ja muun elämän yhteensovittaminen. Haastatteluilla pyrittiin kuvaamaan työntekijöiden tunteita kuormituksesta ja tuomaan esille kehitysehdotuksia kohti parempaa huomista. Teemahaastattelut analysoitiin sisällönanalyysilla. Tulosten perusteella ”fazerilaisuutta” on edelleen havaittavissa ja Fazerilla on asioita, jotka ovat melko hyvin. Kuitenkin kehitettävää löytyy työntekijän kuormittuneisuuden parantamiseksi. Erityisesti esille nousivat arvostuksen tunne ja takaisinpäin viestintä. Lisäksi työntekijän motivoimiseksi ja sitouttamiseksi toivottiin lisää vaikutus- ja päätöksentekomahdollisuuksia. Vahvuuksia ilmeni muun muassa joustavuudessa ja työn ja muun elämän yhteensovittamisessa. Tuloksien luotettavuutta kuvaa muun muassa se, että Fazerin vuotuinen henkilöstökysely oli tuonut kyselylomakkeella esiin osittain samoja asioita. Fazerilla viihtyvyys on jo pitkään ollut hyvällä tasolla. Lisäksi työsuhteet ovat olleet ilmeisen pitkiä. Työympäristön nopea ja jatkuva muuttuminen ja työntekijöiden kasvava epävarmuus koettelevat työntekijöitä. Täten katseen suuntaaminen tulevaisuuteen sekä työntekijöiden hyvinvointiin ja työkykyyn panostaminen ovat tärkeässä roolissa. Fazer on vahva brändi, mutta huomio työntekijöiden kuormittuneisuuteen tulee jatkossakin olla osa Fazerin toimintaa.