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Idag ökar den palliativa omvårdnaden i hemmet. För att den sjuke ofta har en önskan om att få dö hemma. Det ställer krav på anhörigvårdarna som är dem som kommer att bli dem primära vårdarna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka anhörigvårdarnas upplevelser av att vårda hemma, i livets slutskede, med hjälp av det palliativa teamet. Studien genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie. Genom litteraturstudien fick man fram de positiva och negativa upplevelserna från anhörigvårdarna som vårdat den sjuke i hemmet. Studien visade att anhörigvårdarna skulle välja att vårda den sjuke i hemmet igen med hjälp av det palliativa teamet. Detta trots att flera negativa upplevelser kom fram. Anhörigvårdarna ville vara mer delaktiga i omvårdnadsarbetet och detta gjorde att anhörigvårdarna upplevde en större tillfredställelse av själv, genom att kunna ge något tillbaka till den sjuke. Anhörigvårdarna önskade mer stöd från vårdpersonalen eftersom de ansåg sig ha bristande kompetens om medicinteknik, kroppens hälsa, sjukdomen, dess symptom, behandling, och prognos etc.

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Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att ta reda på hur information och undervisning kan utformas och vara ett bra sätt att förbättra den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten hos patienter med hjärtsvikt. Femton vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut genom fulltextdatabasen United States National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) och Högskolan Dalarnas sökmotor Electronic Library Information Navigator (ELIN). Sökorden som användes var heart failure, quality of life, information/education och nursing i olika kombinationer. Artiklarna som valdes ut granskades med hjälp av modifierade granskningsmallar för att säkerställa att dom var av så hög kvalite som möjligt. Fysisk funktionell förmåga och kunskap om sjukdomen har betydelse för patientens upplevelse av sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Flera av artiklarna i litteraturstudien visar att sjuksköterskeinriktad patientutbildning är effektivt för att förbättra livskvaliteten och den hjälper patienterna att se sina symtom och främjar egenvård. Utbildningen innefattar ofta information om att förändra sin livsstil, fysisk aktivitet, daglig vägning, diet och läkemedelsdosering samt information och undervisning till både patienter och anhöriga om hjärtsvikt och dess symtom. Familj och vänner är ofta ett stort stöd för patienter med hjärtsvikt. Studier visar dock att de ofta har de begränsade kunskaper om vad hjärtsvikt är och hur behandlingen ser ut. De övergripande resultaten av litteraturstudien visar på att databaserad utbildning ger ökad kunskap om hjärtsvikt i jämförelse med sedvanlig utbildning.

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Genom att svara på frågeställningarna om faktorer som påverkar förståelsen av problemlösningsuppgiftersamt om anpassning för andraspråkselever söker studien svar på omproblemlösning kan bidra till att inkludera andraspråkselever i matematikundervisningen. Föratt nå syftet och besvara frågeställningarna har dels en litteraturstudie genomförts, dels enempirisk studie bestående av fokusgruppsintervjuer med lärare.Den svenskspråkliga kompetensens betydelse för matematisk förståelse framhålls i de bådadelstudierna. Textförståelsen är primär för problemlösning och det är vanligt att elever harsvårigheter med detta, därmed behöver textinnehållet tydliggöras. Textuella svårigheter imatematikuppgifter kan exempelvis handla om svårigheter med meningsbyggnader,grammatik, överflödig information, ord och uttryck, samt att vardagsspråket och matematikspråketinnehar skillnader, enligt de båda studierna. Kontextuell förståelse i uppgifterframhålls även viktigt. Det anses relevant att knyta matematikuppgifter till elevens verklighet,men här finns svårigheter genom att den kontextuella förståelsen kan skilja sig mellan elever,vilket kan medföra att eleven inte förstår uppgiften. Vikten av att underlätta med avseende påspråk och kontext framhålls, samtidigt som det är områden som behöver utvidgas förandraspråkseleverna.Problemlösningsuppgifter bidrar enligt den empiriska studien till ökade möjligheter förinkludering av andraspråkselever. Inkluderingen kan främjas dels genom organisationen avproblemlösningen, dels genom utformandet av uppgifterna. Variation i hur undervisningenorganiseras framhålls i båda delstudierna genom enskilt arbetet, grupparbete samtklassdiskussion. Vid interaktion kan språkliga svårigheter redas ut och språkutvecklingen kanberikas, men de språkliga svårigheterna kan även försvåra interaktionen, enligt de bådadelstudierna.

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Dependency or independence? A qualitative study of how elderly home-help recipients regard having help and support Knowledge on elderly people’s understandings of dependence and independence is relatively scarce even though there is plenty of gerontological research on related topics. Although we know how to define and measure different types of dependency, we know, in fact, very little about how elderly home-help recipients themselves regard their situation in terms of dependency, independence and autonomy. This article aims to shed light on home-help recipients’ understandings of these constructs and on how they make sense of their situation. The analysis is based on 29 semi-structured interviews with people between the ages of 77 and 93. The findings show how these home help recipients differentiate between having help and support and being dependent on other people. Through the separation of aspects of these understandings, such as the reason why they accept help and support and how they regard the situation of being helped and assisted, three ways of regarding the situation have been identified, which stress the variability of the social construction of dependency and independence that these elders uphold. Some home-help recipients construct themselves as independent, others as autonomous and able selves, while a third group construct themselves as powerless.

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Self-help and self-censorship: A self-help cultural perspective on organizational silence This paper seeks to explain silence in the workplace through an analytical perspective derived from Judith Butlers work on censorship, and in this way suggest an alternative to explanations in the existing literature on employee silence, which are often tied to the actions and motivations of the individual subject. It is thus argued that self-help books can be seen as indicative of a pervasive culture of self-improvement, which among other things promotes the absence of criticism in the workplace. The empirical point of departure for this argument is the two bestselling self-help books The secret by Rhonda Byrne and The 7 habits of highly effective people by Stephen Covey. Theoretically, the paper applies Butlers notion of ”implicit censorship” where censorship is understood as productive in the sense of being constitutive of language. Hence, in the analysis it is shown how discursive regimes in self-help literature tend to be constructed in such a way, that explicit criticism cannot emerge as a meaningful activity, and is thus implicitly censored.

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A public organization has a section for customer service which is responsible of order entry from customers concerning errands within real estate and business equipment, cleaning, transport operations and handicap appliance. According to the co-ordinators in hospitals within the organisation the customers are requesting for staff to talk to physically, meaning a person to speak with face to face. The customers experiencing that it’s sometimes difficult to call customer service or use the web form, which is the only communication paths in the current situation. Proposed changes presented claim that a complement to customer service with local service centers in every hospital. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a change proposition by weigh between efficiency and working environment, this by using multi-criteria analysis. To achieve the goal a decision model is designed in the decision tool DecideIT. The aim of the study is to recommend decision makers to choose one of the options based on as rational grounds as possible. The result of the study showed that the preferred alternative is not to supplement customer service with local service centers. For the most part, the result depending on the survey (represented result from working environment criteria) which showed that the majority of customers do not request a person to speak with face to face at all.

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This thesis deals with control of stock in an inventory, focusing on inventory placement. The purpose of this thesis is to reduce the transport distance within the main stock house while gathering inventory. This will be achieved by reconstructing the inventory placement in consideration with how frequently the inventories get picked and mass of the inventory. In particular, the literature and the data that is collected from the company´s business system have laid the foundation for the thesis. In general, interviews and observations also contributed to the data collection. To fulfill the aim and to produce arbitrary results, two issues have been developed regarding which attributes that should determine the position of the inventory in the stock house and how to obtain a more effective inventory structure? The authors have jointly produced a result of suggestions for future inventory placement in terms of picking frequency and weight. Initially a situation analysis was conducted to identify known problems with the inventory´s placement and storage systems. The problems that were identified were that the inventory placement has no consideration regarding picking frequency. To determine the most frequent picked inventory an ABC analysis was conducted. All of the inventories were spread out throughout the whole stock house. To take in account, the additional criterion, which was weight, a multi-criteria analysis was performed in combination with the ABC analysis. The results of the combined analysis provided that the basis for drawing up concepts for future inventory placement. The proposal includes optimized inventory placements in different zones of the most frequently picked inventory with weight as an additional criterion.

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Målet med detta arbete är att utvärdera effekterna av ROT-avdraget som återinfördes i Sverige december 2008. ROT-avdragets syfte var att stimulera byggbranschen och öka byggandet i Sverige. Jag vill i detta arbeta undersöka vilka effekter återinförandet av ROT-avdraget hade på sysselsättningen inom byggbranschen i Sverige. De data som används kommer att behandla aktiebolag i Sverige och är insamlade från företagens bokföringar. En syntetisk kontrollmetod kommer att användas för analysen. Denna metod går ut på att skapa en syntetisk kontrollenhet som jämförs med den behandlade enheten, d.v.s. byggbranschen. I detta fall är det byggbranschen före och efter införandet av ROT-avdraget som kommer studeras. Resultaten tyder på att det skapats cirka 21 000 jobb genom återinförandet av ROT-avdraget.

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This thesis concerns Swedish and Finland-Swedish brochures to families with children, presenting family allowances from the social insurance institutions in the two countries. The aim of the study is to analyse what meanings are conveyed with reference to the conceivable reader and the institution in the brochures. The material consists of information brochures in Swedish from Kela, the social insurance institution of Finland, and Försäkringskassan, the Swedish social insurance agency, issued during 2003–2006. The general theoretical framework is systemic-functional linguistics (SFL) as presented by Halliday & Matthiessen (2004) and Holmberg & Karlsson (2006). The study consists of a quantitative study of the lexical choices of the social insurance brochures. Furthermore, a qualitative process and participant analysis is annotated with the UAM Corpus tool and the results are quantified. Speech functions and modal auxiliaries are analysed qualitatively. The analysis shows that material and relational processes are most common. The relational and verbal processes are used more in the Sweden-Swedish brochures, while the material processes are more common in the Finland-Swedish brochures. The participants in the brochures are the institution, mentioned by its name, and the conceivable reader, directly addressed with “you” (du). In addition, the referent “child” is often mentioned. The participants assigned for the reader are Actor, Receiver, Carrier and Speaker. In the Finland-Swedish texts, the reader is often an Actor, while the reader in the Sweden-Swedish texts is a Carrier. Thus, the conceivable reader is an active participant who takes care of his or her own matters using the internet, communicates actively to the institution and has legal rights and obligations. The institution is visible in the texts but does not have an active role as the name of the institution is mostly used in circumstances. The institution is not often a participant, but when it is, it is Actor, Receiver, Listener and Carrier, expecting the clients to address it. Speech functions are performed in different ways. For instance, questions structure the reading process and commands are realised by modal auxiliaries, not by imperatives. The most common modal auxiliary is kan (can, may), and another common auxiliary is ska (shall, must). Statements are surrounded by subordinate clauses and adverbs that describe situations and criteria. The results of the study suggest that the brochures in the two countries are similar, in particular when produced in similar ways, that is, when the Finland-Swedish texts are not translated. Existing differences reflect the differences in the institutions, the social insurance systems and the cultural contexts. KEYWORDS: Finland-Swedish, Swedish, comparative analysis, SFL, discourse analysis, administrative language, institutional discourse, institutional communication