Um hipermídia sobre fases da lua para o ensino de astronomia a distância

The interdisciplinary nature of Astronomy makes it a field of great potential to explore various scientific concepts. However, studies show a great lack of understanding of fundamental subjects, including models that explain phenomena that mark everyday life, like the phases of the moon. Particularly in the context of distance education, learning of such models can be favored by the use of technologies of information and communication. Among other possibilities, we highlight the importance of digital materials that motivate and expand the forms of representation available about phenomena and models. It is also important, however, that these materials promote the explicitation of student's conceptions, as well as interaction with the most central aspects of the astronomical model for the phenomenon. In this dissertation we present a hypermedia module aimed at learning about the phases of the moon, drawn from an investigation on the difficulties with the subject during an Astronomy course for teaching training at undergraduate level at UFRN. The tests of three semesters of course were analyzed, taking into account also the alternative conceptions reported in the literature in astronomy education. The product makes use of small texts, questions, images and interactive animations. Emphasizes questions about the illumination of the Moon and other bodies, and their relationship to the sun, the perception from different angles of objects illuminated by a single source, the cause of the alternation between day and night, the identification of Moon's orbit around the Earth and the occurrence of the phases as a result of the position of observing it, and the perception of time involved in the phenomenon. The module incorporated considerations obtained from interviews with students in two poles where its given presential support for students of the course, and subjects from different pedagogical contexts. The final form of the material was used in a real situation of learning, as supplementary material for the final test of the discipline. The material was analyzed by 7 students and 4 tutors, among 56 users, in the period in question. Most students considered that the so called "Lunar Module" made a difference in their learning, the animations were considered the most prominent aspect, the images were indicated as stimulating and enlightening, and the text informative and enjoyable. The analysis of learning of these students, observing their responses to issues raised at the last evaluation, suggested gains in key aspects relating to the understanding of the phases, but also indicates more persistent difficulties. The work leads us to conclude that it is important to seek contributions for the training of science teachers making use of new technologies, with attention to the treatment of computer as a complementary resource. The interviews that preceded the use of the module, and the way student has sought the module if with questions and/or previous conflicts - established great difference in the effective contribution of the material, indicating that it should be used with the mediation of teacher or tutor, or via strategies that cause interactions between students. It is desirable that these interactions are associated with the recovery of memories of the subjects about previous observations and models, as well as the stimulus to new observations of phenomena

Uma proposta de atividade para a aprendizagem significativa sobre as fases da Lua

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comportamento e ecologia acústica da baleia jubarte (Megaptera novaeangliae) na região Nordeste do Brasil

The acoustic ecology concept involve the relation between the live organisms and their sound environment and is applied in the present work to study the context in which the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) singing behavior, known as the most complex display in the nature, occurred in the northeastern Brazilian coast, outside the core area of Abrolhos Bank, between 2005 and 2010.I analyze the singer male occurrence , their spatial distribution and probable relations with oceanographic features, such as depth, tide regimen and moon phases. I also describe the acoustic structure and temporal variation of the singing behavior, based on song frequency and time measurements outside the Abrolhos Bank, and further compare the song complexity, registered in the same period, between Abrolhos Bank (16°- 19° S, 37°- 39° W) and the adjacent North Coast, herein considered from Itacaré (14° S, 38° W) to Aracaju (11° S, 37° W). Additionally, I look for describe and analyze anthropogenic noise sources in the marine environment of the study area, produced by the oil industry as well as by the whale watching operation, relating their frequencies to the acoustic niche utilized by the humpbacks. The results indicated a great plasticity in the singing behavior, evidenced by the occurrence of singer males in diverse social structures, from solitary individuals to other groups, even containing females and calves, as well as by the diversity which compound the song, when compared between two regions inside the same breeding area, which present distinct oceanographic characteristics. The singer male distribution may be related with the continental shelf extent along the study area. The anthropogenic noise presented frequency range, amplitude and sound intensity in potential to interfere acoustically in the singing behavior of the species, may resulting in disturbance during the breeding season in the Brazilian coast. Implications about the obtained results in the humpback whale mating system are discussed. In this way, I pretend to contribute with the acoustic ecology subject and provide information to subsidize humpback whale conservation

Dinâmica Costeira dos Campos petrolíferos Macau/Serra, litoral setentrional do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

This thesis describes the general behavior of the northern shore of the State of Rio Grande do Norte relating beach profile morphology with hydrodynamic and sedimentological parameters. The Macau and Serra Oil Field are inserted on this area and are under accelerated coastal erosion. At these oil fields are installed oil wells from PETROBRAS, nowadays located directly in the shoreline, under constant attacks of coastal processes (e.g. waves, tides and currents), which promote an intense morphodynamic variability of this sandy coast. The area was monitored for 24 months in three different stations (P01, P02 and P03). The methodology applied involved current techniques of beach profiles, hydrodynamical processes, remote sensing and geophysics. A synthesis of results obtained through the use of different time scales (monthly, lunar cycle, seasonal, annual) from a coastal dynamics study is presented. The average wind direction corresponded to 77ºAz (NE). The steepness of the berm and of the shoreface, as well as coastal current direction, do not present major changes, with an average of 36º for the steepness of the berm, 15º for the shoreface and 15º for the coastal current direction. This data set allows us to infer that the months of larger coastal erosion were November/2000 and April/2001, because of the largest wave parameter during this time. The months of worse coastal erosion in this area are related with the increasing wavy energy. This in turn, seems to be related to seasonal climatic variations, with the wave energy and tide currents speed increasing during months of minor precipitations (June to January). The months of worse coastal erosion were September and November, when the largest wave parameters and speed currents are measured in the area. Since these months are included on the period of minor precipitations, we related the coastal erosion to seasonal climatic variations. The results obtained during these 24 months of monitoring confirms a situation of accentuated erosion, mainly in Profile 03 (Barra do Corta-Cachorro), where the wave height, period, and coastal current speed are always larger than the values found in Profile 02 (Macau5). Probably these values are more expressive in Profile 03, because it does not present any natural structure of protection against the wave impacts, as the barrier island located at Ponta do Tubarão, or the sand banks in front of Macau5. The transport of the sediments occurs from East to West, and the sand accumulation is more pronounced on Profile 03 intertidal zone, where there are embrionary dunes in dryer months. The tidal currents speed, on the other hand, is more accentuated in the Macau5 area (Profile 02). At Ponta do Tubarão, the tidal currents presented a preferential direction for NE, at times of flood, currents and for NW, at times of ebb current; at Barra do Corta-Cachorro the direction of the currents were predominantly for NW, independent of the tide phase, coinciding with the preferential direction of the longshore current. This currents inversion at Ponta do Tubarão is attributed to the presence of the Ponta do Tubarão island barrier and by the communication channel of the lagoon with the sea. The tide currents are better observed in protected areas, as in the Ponta do Tubarão, when they present inversion in their direction accordingly to the flood and ebb tide. In open areas, as in Barra do Corta-Cachorro, the tide currents are overprinted by the longshore currents. Sediment analysis does not show important modifications in grain size related to seasonality (dry- and rainy seasons). On the foreshore and backshore zones, the sediments vary from fine to medium sand, while in the shoreface they very from fine to very sands. The grains are mostly spheres, varying from sub rounded to sub angled. Quartz is the main component alongside Feldspat and heavy minerals as accessory components. Biogenic content is also present and mainly represented by mollusks fragments. The calculated sediment transport show values around 100 m3/day. The morphodynamic studies indicated that this is a reflexive area from October to April, and intermediate from May to September. The Relative Tide Range-RTR for this area is 4 < RTR < 15, and so classified in the mixed wave-tide group. Having this exposed we can affirm that the more active natural factors in this area are the currents, followed by the tides and the winds. The anthropic factors are exclusively local and punctual (Macau and Serra Oil Field). Taking in account the economic importance of the area, as well as the intensity of coastal processes acting on this shore, it is important a continuity of the monthly environmental monitoring looking for variations on longer-period cycles. These data have been stored on the geo-referenced database of the projects MARPETRO and PETRORISCO (REDE 05), aiming to model the coastal and sea environment, susceptible to oil spills and their derivatives

Influência do Luar nas Atividades de Emergência e Retorno ao Abrigo do Morcego Hematófago Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) no Sudeste do Brasil: subtitulo

The common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus has as main food source blood of medium and large sizes mammals, but sporadically is observed feeding on birds, causing occasionally excessive bleeding and economic losses. Due to this D. rotundus is one of the most studied species of bats in the Americas. Once known that the lunar clarity might influence the nocturnal activities of the common vampire bats, the present study was carried out to know the behavior and schedules of emergencies and returns of bats to the shelter, its social behavior at the shelter´s entrance, especially of the dominant male, and the size and composition of the colony in different moon phases. The colony was composed by 105 individuals (65 females and 40 males) harboring in a hollow-tree of Farm Edgardia in Botucatu Municipality, State of São Paulo. Through the eight filming sessions, two for each moon phase, it was possible to observe that the distribution of emergences and returns to the shelter thought the night followed a specific pattern for each moon phase. The greatest number of emerging bats occurred in periods in which the moon was not born yet and the largest number of returns just before moon has been reached its maximum level in the sky. Therefore, the time period that bats are staying outside the shelter seems to be directly influenced by lunar light. This factor can influence the social activity of the colony and, in particular, the dominant male, who remains still on tree’s trunk, near the entrance of the shelter with greater frequency during periods of low moon light

O processo de escolarização de crianças surdas no ensino fundamental: um olhar para o ensino de ciências articulado aos fundamentos da astronomia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

When wolves cry: long distance calling by wild maned wolves

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger 1815) is the biggest canid in South America and it is considered a “near threatened” species by IUCN. Because of its nocturnal, territorial and solitary habits, there are still many understudied aspects of their behavior in natural environments, including acoustic communication. In its vocal repertoire, the wolf presents a longdistance call named “roar-bark” which, according to literature, functions for spacing maintenance between individuals and/or communication between members of the reproductive pair inside the territory. In this context, this study aimed: 1) to compare four methods for detecting maned wolf’s roar-barks in recordings made in a natural environment, in order to elect the most efficient one for our project; 2) to understand the night emission pattern of these vocalizations, verifying possible weather and moon phases influences in roarbark’s emission rates; and 3) to test Passive Acoustic Monitoring as a tool to identify the presence of maned wolves in a natural environment. The study area was the Serra da Canastra National Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil), where autonomous recorders were used for sound acquisition, recording all night (from 06pm to 06am) during five days in December/2013 and every day from April to July/2014. Roar-barks’ detection methods were tested and compared regarding time needed to analyze files, number of false positives and number of correctly identified calls. The mixed method (XBAT + manual) was the most efficient one, finding 100% of vocalizations in almost half of the time the manual method did, being chosen for our data analysis. By studying roarbarks’ temporal variation we verified that the wolves vocalize more in the early hours of the evening, suggesting an important social function for those calls at the beginning of its period of most intense activity. Average wind speed negatively influenced vocalization rate, which may indicate lower sound reception of recorders or a change in behavioral patterns of wolves in high speed wind conditions. A better understanding of seasonal variation of maned wolves’ vocal activity is required, but our study already shows that it is possible to detect behavioral patterns of wild animals only by sound, validating PAM as a tool in this species’ conservation.

Recruitment patterns and processes of coastal fish species in a temperate rocky reef

Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente, Ramo: Ciências do Mar, Especialização em Ecologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Evaluación de los parámetros productivos de pollos de engorde sometidos a tres fases de alimentación

El trabajo experimental "Evaluación de los parámetros pro­ ductivos de pollos de engorde sometidos a tres ases de alimentación", se llevó a efecto en la granja avícola "La Flota”, ubicada en el Km. 17 carretera Managua-Masaya, 800 mts. al Este, comarca "Los Madrigales”, jurisdicción de Nindirí, Departamento de Masaya. El ensayo fue realizado con ciento ochenta pollos de un día de edad, perteneciente a la línea Cubana E-23, divididos en dos tratamientos con tres réplicas cada uno, fueron distribuidos en un Diseño completo al azar y sometidos a una prueba de DUNCAN para determinar la superioridad por tratamiento; a los que a vez se les efectuó un estudio económico de costos de producción evaluados a través de un balance general. El tratamiento T1 consistió en la aplicación de dos fases de alimentación (Testigo) y el tratamiento T2 con tres fases de alimentación (Experimental), contando cada tratamiento con 90 pollos. Los pollos criados bajo el tratamiento T2 tuvieron una mejor conversión alimenticia (2.33), en relación a los pollos del T1 (2.42) y obtuvieron un peso vivo a los 49 días de 3.77 libras y 3.59 libras respectivamente. El rendimiento en canal fue satisfactorio para los dos tratamientos (para el T1 fue de 70.38• y para el T2 de 72.01%) en relación a los resultados obtenidos a nivel nacional. No se encontró diferencias significativas (P< 0.05) para las variables rendimiento en canal, calidad de la canal y mortalidad. En la crianza de pollos de engorde con tres fases de alimentación (T2), se obtuvo una disminución en los costos de producción de US * 0.21, por cada libra de carne producida.

Evaluación del crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de Rábano (Raphanus sativus L.) en diferentes fases lunares en la unidad de producción Las Mercedes, UNA, Managua 2010

Con el propósito de generar información científica sobre el cultivo de Rábano ( Raphanus sativus, L ) en diferentes fases lunares , se llevo a cabo el ensayo e ntre octubre 2010 y febrero 20 1 1, utilizando un Diseño de Bloques Completo al Azar (BCA) con cuatros tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. El ensayo se realizó e n el Campus Las Mercedes propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. Teniendo su ubicación geográfica con las siguientes coordenadas: 12º10’14” a 12º08’05” en latitud norte y 86º10’22” a 86º09’44” Longitud oeste. Durante la fase de crecimiento se midi er on las siguientes variables: D iámetro del tallo, altura de la planta, numero de hojas y du rante la cosecha: Diámetro del bulbo , Longitud de la raíz, Peso fresco y rendimiento las cuales fueron sometidas a un análisis de varianza, analizando las diferencias entre medias por la prueba de comparaciones múltiples de Tukey . Los diferentes tratamientos no mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas . Por lo tanto en luna llena se obtuvo ( 52143.6 kg ha - 1 ) , en cuarto creciente ( 49485.6 kg ha - 1 ) , en luna nueva (43365.6 kg ha - 1 ) y en cuarto menguante ( 42669.6 kg ha - 1 ) . Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en luna llena porque en es t a fase la humedad es mayor lo que es favo rable para el cultivo . En esta fase de luna llena en el subsuelo se producen, entre otras cosas, grandes movimientos de agua que afectan directamente las actividades agrícolas, la disponibilidad de luz lunar va en aumento y las plantas tienen un crecimiento balanceado, en el que se favorece el crecimient o de follaje y raíz

Acción del glifosato sobre las estructuras subterráneas en dos fases de crecimiento del coyolillo (Cyperus rotundus L.)

Dos experimento se realizaron en el instituto superior de ciencias agropecuarias, durante los meses de marzo a julio de 1988, con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto de diferentes dosis y tiempo de translocación del glifosato sobre las estructura subterráneas en dos fases de crecimiento c.rotundus. en ambos estudios, se plantaron tubérculos de coyolillo en bolsa de polietileno , conteniendo suelo franco arenoso. El experimento 1, se realizó la aplicación del glifosato en dosis de 1.5, 3.0 y 4.5 kg. i.a/ha, cuando las plantas alcanzaron 15 y 35 días de crecimiento, y en el experimento ll , se aplicó 0.35 y 0.75 kg. i.a del herbicida cuando la planta tenía 15 días. En cada fecha la parte aérea se cortó a las 48, 72 y 96 horas después de aplicado el herbicida, para determinar el tiempo que requiere el producto para trasladarse a las estructura subterráneas. Posteriormente los tubérculos madres y bulbo basales de la cadena se resembraron y se observó por 60 y 45 días para el experimento l y ll respectivamente. En el primer experimento se encontró que dosis de 1.5 y 3.0 kg. i.a/ha y tiempo de translocación de 72 horas, provocaron más daño en el tubérculo madre en planta de 15 días de crecimiento. Dosis de 1.5 kg. i.a/ha y 72 horas de tralocacion produjo el mayor porcentaje de bulbos basales madre dañados y 3.0 kg. i.a/ha y 96 horas de exposición en el follaje redujo a los bulbos basales. Se determinó que el bulbo basal puede jugar un papel importante en la acumulación y translocación del glifosato hacia las estructuras subterráneas. Hubo un incremento de tubérculo madre intacto con dosis de 1.5 kg. i.a/ha y tiempo de translocación de 48 horas. En el segundo experimento se estableció, que dosis de 0.35 y 0.75 kg. i.a/ha de glifosato y tiempo de translocación de 48 horas incrementaron el porcentaje de tubérculos brotados en plantas de 15 días de crecimiento.

Estudios de las diferentes fases del proceso de doblaje

Eguíluz, Federico; Merino, Raquel; Olsen, Vickie; Pajares, Eterio; Santamaría, José Miguel (eds.)

[A_Labraza_Muralla] Documentación geométrica y restitución fotogramétrica de las fases 1 a 5 de la muralla exterior de Labraza. Álava

[ES] Se han documentado unos 140 metros de muralla que corresponde a los alzados suroeste y sur y que incluye la puerta de acceso principal del casco urbano.

Modelagem do Equilíbrio de Fases entre Hidrocarbonetos Leves e Pesados

O comportamento de fases para sistemas binários com um hidrocarboneto leve e um pesado é muito importante tanto para o projeto real de um processo quanto para o desenvolvimento de modelos teóricos. Para atender a crescente demanda por informação experimental de equilíbrio de fases a altas pressões, o objetivo deste estudo é obter uma metodologia que substitua parcialmente ou maximize a pouca informação experimental disponível. Para isto propõe-se a modelagem do equilíbrio de fases em misturas de hidrocarboneto leve com um pesado, sem o conhecimento da estrutura molecular do pesado, inferindo-se os parâmetros do modelo a partir da modelagem de dados de ponto de bolha obtidos na literatura. Esta metodologia implica não só na descrição do equilíbrio de fases de um sistema como na estimação das propriedades críticas do pesado, de difícil obtenção devido ao craqueamento destes a altas temperaturas. Neste contexto, este estudo apresenta uma estratégia que estima indiretamente as propriedades críticas dos compostos pesados. Para isto, foram correlacionados dados experimentais de ponto de bolha de misturas binárias contendo um hidrocarboneto leve e um pesado, usando-se dois modelos: o de Peng-Robinson e o TPT1M (Teoria da Polimerização Termodinâmica de primeira ordem de Wertheim modificada). Os parâmetros ajustados com o modelo de Peng-Robinson correspondem diretamente às propriedades críticas do composto pesado, enquanto os ajustados com o modelo TPT1M foram usados para obtê-las. Esta estratégia fornece parâmetros dependentes do modelo, porém permite o cálculo de outras propriedades termodinâmicas, como a extrapolação da temperatura dos dados estudados. Além disso, acredita-se que a correlação dos parâmetros obtidos com as propriedades críticas disponíveis ajudará na caracterização de frações pesadas de composição desconhecida