2D parallel interpenetration of [M-2(bpp)(4)X-4] [M, Fe(II)/Co(II); bpp, 4,4 '-trimethylenedipyridine; X, SCN-SeCN- and N-3(-)] complexes: pseudohalide-dependent conformation of bpp

Three coordination complexes of Co(II)/Fe(II) with 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridine (bpp) and pseudohalides (SCN-, SeCN- and N-3(-)) have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterized by X-ray single crystal structure determination. They are isomorphous having 2D layers in which two independent wavy nets display parallel interwoven structures. Pseudohalide binds metal centers through N terminal and occupies the trans axial positions of the octahedral metal coordination environment. Pseudohalide remains pendant on both sides of the polymeric layer and help the stacking through hydrogen bonding. The conformation of bpp in the interpenetrated nets is observed to be dependent on the choice of pseudohalide. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Binuclear cyclopalladated compounds with antitubercular activity: synthesis and characterization of [{Pd(C-2,N-dmba)(X)}(2)(mu-bpp)] (X = Cl, Br, NCO, N-3; bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A bradykinin-potentiating peptide (BPP-10c) from Bothrops jararaca induces changes in seminiferous tubules

Abstract: Background: The testis-specific isoform of angiotensin-converting enzyme (tACE) is exclusively expressed in germ cells during spermatogenesis. Although the exact role of tACE in male fertility is unknown, it clearly plays a critical function in spermatogenesis. The dipeptidase domain of tACE is identical to the C-terminal catalytic domain of somatic ACE (sACE). Bradykinin potentiating peptides (BPPs) from snake venoms are the first natural sACE inhibitors described and their structure–activity relationship studies were the basis for the development of antihypertensive drugs such as captopril. In recent years, it has been showed that a number of BPPs – including BPP-10c – are able to distinguish between the N- and C-active sites of sACE, what is not applicable to captopril. Considering the similarity between tACE and sACE (and since BPPs are able to distinguish between the two active sites of sACE), the effects of the BPP-10c and captopril on the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium were characterized in the present study. BPP-10c and captopril were administered in male Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection (4.7 μmol/kg for 15 days) and histological sections of testes were analyzed. Classification of seminiferous tubules and stage analysis were carried out for quantitative evaluation of germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) permeability and distribution of claudin-1 in the seminiferous epithelium were analyzed by hypertonic fixative method and immunohistochemical analyses of testes, respectively. Results: The morphology of seminiferous tubules from animals treated with BPP-10c showed an intense disruption of the epithelium, presence of atypical multinucleated cells in the lumen and degenerated germ cells in the adluminal compartment. BPP-10c led to an increase in the number of round spermatids and total support capacity of Sertoli cell in stages I, V, VII/VIII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, without affecting BTB permeability and the distribution of claudin-1 in the seminiferous epithelium. Interestingly, no morphological or morphometric alterations were observed in animals treated with captopril. Conclusions: The major finding of the present study was that BPP-10c, and not captopril, modifies spermatogenesis by causing hyperplasia of round spermatids in stages I, V, and VII/VIII of the spermatogenic cycle.

Sustainable Beef Industry Improvement and Innovation

This project ensures Queensland's involvement in Beef CRC Project 5.4 Accelerated Adoption through Sustainable Beef Profit Partnerships (BPP). The project researches, develops and achieves measurable improvements in business and industry productivity, profit and efficiency.

NMR relaxation study of disorder in condensed matter: solid solutions of betaine phosphate and phosphite

Proton NMR relaxation measurements have been carried out in anti-ferroelectric Betaine phosphate (BP), ferroelectric Betaine phosphite (BPI) and the mixed system BPI(1-x)BPx, at 11.4MHz and 23.3MHz from 300K to 80K for x=0.0, 0.25, 0.45, 0.85, and 1.0. The temperature dependence of spin lattice relaxation time T, exhibits two minima as expected from the BPP model in BP and BPI. The Larmor frequency dependence of T, in the mixed system is rather unusual and exhibits different slopes for the low temperature wings at the two frequencies, which is a clear experimental evidence of the presence of different methyl groups with different activation energies (E-a) indicating disorder.

NMR relaxation studies in doped poly-3-methylthiophene

NMR relaxation rates (1/T-1), magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity studies in doped poly-3-methylthiophene are reported in this paper. The magnetic susceptibility data show the contributions from both Pauli and Curie spins, with the size of the Pauli term depending strongly on the doping level. Proton and fluorine NMR relaxation rates have been studied as a function of temperature (3-300 K) and field (for protons at 0.9, 9.0, 16.4, and 23.4 T, and for fluorine at 9.0 T). The temperature dependence of T-1 is classified into three regimes: (a) For T < (g mu(B) B/2k(B)), the relaxation mechanism follows a modified Korringa relation due to electron-electron interactions and disorder. H-1-T-1 is due to the electron-nuclear dipolar interaction in addition to the contact term. (b) For the intermediate temperature range (g mu(B) B/2k(B)) < T < T-BPP (the temperature where the contribution from the reorientation motion to the T-1 is insignificant) the relaxation mechanism is via spin diffusion to the paramagnetic centers. (c) In the high-temperature regime and at low Larmor frequency the relaxation follows the modified Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound model. T-1 data analysis has been carried out in light of these models depending upon the temperature and frequency range of study. Fluorine relaxation data have been analyzed and attributed to the PF6 reorientation. The cross relaxation among the H-1 and F-19 nuclei has been observed in the entire temperature range suggesting the role of magnetic dipolar interaction modulated by the reorientation of the symmetric molecular subgroups. The data analysis shows that the enhancement in the Korringa ratio is greater in a less conducting sample. Intra-and interchain hopping of charge carriers is found to be a dominant relaxation mechanism at low temperature. Frequency dependence of T-1(-1) on temperature shows that at low temperature T < (g mu(B) B/2k(B))] the system shows three dimensions and changes to quasi one dimension at high temperature. Moreover, a good correlation between electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and NMR T-1 data has been observed.

Interpenetrated and Catenated Zinc Thiosulfates Frameworks with dia and qtz Nets: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties

Reactions between Zn(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O, Na2S2O3, 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe), 1,2-bis (4-pyridyl) ethane (bpa), and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) under solvothermal conditions resulted in four new zinc thiosulfate hybrid compounds. Compound I has four-membered zinc thiosulfate rings connected by the ligand, 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) forming a two-dimensional structure. Compounds II-IV have one-dimensional zinc thiosulfate chains connected by the ligands, bpy (II), bpe (III), and bpa (IV) giving rise to three-dimensional structures. All the four-structures exhibit 3-fold interpenetration. Proton conductivity studies indicate reasonable proton mobility at 34 degrees C and at 98% relative humidity. The compounds also exhibit Lewis acid character and good photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of cationic dyes.

Determinación de la implementación de buenas prácticas pecuarias, para el proceso de rastreabilidad de carne en fincas ganaderas de "El Coral", Chontales

Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Municipio de “El Coral”, localizado al sureste de la ciudad de Managua. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: a) Elaborar el Protocolo de Buenas Prácticas Pecuarias; b) Determinar el grado de cumplimento de BPP en fincas ganaderas del municipio de “El Coral”; y c) Elaborar una estrategia para la implementación del programa de rastreabilidad de carne bovina. La metodología utilizada para el primer objetivo consistió en una revisión de fuentes secundarias y una encuesta a personal clave en tres aspectos de los ítems del Manual de BPP y se abordó tres aspectos: si están de acuerdo con cada ítem, si es exigible y si tienen otro ítem que agregar al protocolo; en el caso del segundo objetivo consistió en un diagnóstico modificado de PROGANIC, con preguntas cerradas aplicado a 70 fincas y su procesamiento en un programa de cómputo Excel; y en el caso del tercer objetivo se aplico una matriz de estrategia para la determinación del rol y proceso de implementación. Se obtuvo como resultado de 29 personas claves que fueron encuestadas, 55 (98%) de los 56 (100%) ítems en total del protocolo propuesto obtuvieron un consenso positivo de parte de los encuestados, para que estos ítem fueran aplicados en el diagnóstico de finca y se resulto un “Protocolo de BPP” de 50 ítem en total, de un total de 72 ítem que tenia el “Manual de BPP de la producción primaria” de la resolución 117-2004 de la Asamblea Nacional. El diagnóstico practicado a 70 fincas ganaderas que representan el 21% del municipio, mostró que el 100% de las fincas ganaderas no cumplen con las BPP definidas en el protocolo de BPP, siendo 9 ítems sobre manejo los que más afectan el no cumplimiento de las BPP. El resultado de la matriz de estrategia muestra que se debe organizar, definir el rol y establecer un mecanismo para la implementación del sistema de rastreabilidad de carne bovina en “El Coral”. Se concluye: a) El “Protocolo de Buenas Prácticas Pecuarias” aplicado en este estudio es apropiado y valido para fincas ganaderas; b) Ninguna de las fincas ganaderas cumple con las BPP para fincas ganaderas; d) Las principales causas de la no aplicación de las BPP son: el desconocimiento de las mismas; la falta de asistencia técnica directa y el bajo incentivo de la producción y e) la principal estrategia para la implementación del programa de rastreabilidad en el municipio, es la sensibilización a todos los actores locales que participaran en el programa.

改善高功率激光二极管阵列光束质量的一种新方法

根据波导模理论,推导了高功率激光二极管阵列的远场分布,根据其分布特点,设计了一种离轴外腔.运用这种外腔,在工作电流为17A时,光束的束宽积从自由运转时的1100mm.mrad减小到128mm.mrad,二极管阵列的光束质量提高了8.5倍左右,输出功率约为自由运转时的75%.

Beam quality improvement of laser diode array by using off-axis external cavity

A novel off-axis external cavity is designed for laser diode array to improve the beam quality. In this external cavity, a circle aperture with variable size is used as a spatial filter. The diameter of aperture is optimized to 1.2mm and the off-axis angle of external cavity is optimized at 2.6 deg. In the optimal case, the beam parameter product (BPP) of laser diode array is reduced to 121 mm. mrad from 1050 mm. mrad with external cavity optical efficiency of 81%. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

湖南烙铁头蛇毒中一个新的舒缓激肤增强肤( TmF)

通过70%冷甲醇抽提、Sephadex C i-15分子筛和反相高效液相色谱G8层析，从湖南产烙铁头蛇毒(Trineresurus muqua nwtus)冻干粉中纯化得到一个新的舒缓激肤增强肤(BPP)，命名为TmF。该小肤的氨基酸序列为p(irr (iy Arg Pro, Leti (iy Pro, Pro, Ile- Pro, Pro ( pau表示焦谷氨酸)。序列结果分析表明，TmF和已经分离得到的BPPs有很高的序列同源性。MSI- MS 测定其分子量为1 .1107 kD o TmF的生物学活性和药理学活性检测的结果表明，它增强舒缓激肤(BK)(1 mg/L)诱导的离体豚 鼠回肠纵行肌收缩的活性为(1 .13士0 .3)单位(mg/ L) ; TmF (5 .0 x 10- 0 mg/ kg)可以增强约(14士2) mmHg的由BK(5 . Ox 10-' mg/ kg)诱导的舒张压下降;在抑制剂试验中，不同剂量的TmF和5x1。一zmg的血管紧张素转化酶保温30 min，结果表明大约 2.0x10一3mg的TmF表现出对ACE水解活性的半数抑制率(IQo )。

Characterization of a new bradykinin-potentiating peptide (TmF) from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus

A novel bradykinin-potentiating peptide (BPP), designated as TmF, has been purified to homogeneity from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus by 70% cold methanol extraction, Sephadex G-15 gel filtration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The amino acid sequence of TmF was determined to be pGlu-Gly-Arg-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Pro-Ile-Pro-Pro (pGlu denotes pyroglutamic acid), which shared high homology with other BPPs. The molecular mass of TmF was 1.1107 kD as determinated by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), which was in accordance with the calculated value of 1.1106 kD. The potentiating "unit" of TmF to bradykinin-induced (BK-induced) contraction on the guinea-pig ileum in vitro was (1.13 +/- 0.3) unit (mg/L), and TmF (5.0 x 10(-4) mg/kg) increased the pressure-lowering-effect of bradykinin (5.0 x 10(-5) mg/kg) with approximate descent value of (14 +/- 2) mmHg. In addition, TmF inhibited the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin 11, 2 x 10(-3) mg of TmF caused 50% inhibition (IC50) of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) hydrolyzing activity to bradykinin.

圆斑蝰蛇毒磷脂酶A_2蛋白活性表现和分子进化探讨及菜花烙铁头、烙铁头蛇毒中Jerdonase、TmF的研究

磷脂酶AZ（PLA2）是蛇毒中含量较为丰富的一类作用于梭酷键的酶。迄今为止，己有多种形式的PLA2从不同地域、不同种属的蛇毒中得以纯化并进行了较为系统的研究。其中，以VipoXin为代表的异二聚体形式PLA2较为引人注目，原因在于这种形式不同于此类蛋白家族中的诸多其它个体。目前，己经有许多关于此异二聚体PL凡生物学特性的报道，包括对此类形式存在原因、活性变化、结构表现、系统进化等方面的讨论。然而至今，这种以异二聚体形式存在的PLA2仅发现于几种蛙亚科（ViperinaeSubfamily）蛇种的蛇毒中，其中就包括我国台湾岛的圆斑蜂蛇台湾亚种（Doboiarusselliiformosensis），而蝮亚科（CrotaiinaeSubfamil）蛇种的蛇毒至今却没有此类报道。我国大陆西南端接壤东南亚，存在于云南、福建一带的圆斑蛙蛇隶属圆斑蛙蛇泰国亚种（Daboiarusselliisiamensis），那么这种蛇毒中是否也含有异二聚体形式的PLA2呢？本工作就此疑问对云南产圆斑蛙蛇泰国亚种（D.r.siamensis）蛇毒中的PLA2进行了研究，结果得到三个新的PLAZ，分别命名为DRS-PLA2-I、DRS-PLA2-II和DRS-PLA2-III。其中，DRS-PLA2-I的分子量为13864.06Da，理论pI为4.56，PLA2活性为12.35μmol/mg/min；DRS-PLA2-II的分子量为13635.99Da，理论pI为8.74，PLA2活性为8.76μmol／mg/min；DRS-PLA2-III的分子量为13619.80Da，理论厂为4.61，无PLA2活性。这三个蛋白酶N端的30个氨基酸残基恰好和三个阳性克隆的cDNA序列推导的蛋白序列吻合，结合已经报道的PLA2蛋白家族蛋白序列的保守性表现，我们可以断定它们之间存在对应关系。分子系统学分析表明DRS-PLA2-II和DRS-PLA2-III在进化关系上和蛙亚科的异二聚体PLA2关系较近，并且二者酶活性分别与异二聚体PLA2的Normalchain和Inhibitorchain相一致，只是没有发现类似Vipoxin形式的异二聚体结合蛋白。这些分析表明DRS-PLA2-nORS-PLA2-III类似圆斑蛙蛇台湾亚种（D.r.forlnos翻s沽）中的PV-4/RV-7，是PLA2异二聚体的一种特殊形式，在进化上滞后于VinOXin。另夕卜本工作还相继从云南产菜花烙铁头（Trimeresrusjerdonii）蛇毒和湖南产烙铁头（Trimeresurusmucrosquamatus）蛇毒中分离得到Jerdonase和TmF。前者为一个丝氨酸蛋白酶性质的、具有纤维蛋白原水解作用和激肤释放酶原水解作用双重活性表现的、高分子量的份五brinogenase，其活性表现可以被PMSF彻底抑制，而EDTA对此却没有影响。其它的几种抑制剂如大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂、l-cysteine、DTT对Jerdonase的活性表现也有不同程度的影响。在Jerdonase的这些生化特性上中，分子量的大小和对纤维蛋白酶水解的特性这两方面有别于蛇毒中诸多其它来源的同类蛋白；后者T淤为一个舒缓激肚增强肤（BradykninPQtentiatingPePtide，BPP），电离质谱分析表明其分子量为1110.7Da。此小肚氨基酸序列为促进舒缓激肚（Bradki垃n，BK）诱导的豚鼠回肠纵行肌收缩的活力单位为（1.13±0.3）（m留L），T妊抑制血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）对BK水解的半数抑制剂量IC50为2μg。比较已报道的从Agkistrodon属和Bothrops属中纯化得到的BPP氨基酸序列发现：BPP的N端都是特征性的pGlu，C端为IIe-Pro-Pro，有高度的保守性。另外，TmF是Trimeresurus属中此类小肤的首次纯化。总之，本研究对国产的几种常见蛇毒中的几种常见蛋白多肤进行了一定程度的探讨和分析，和相同类别的其它蛋白、多肤比较可以看到，有许多相同的地方，也有许多不同的表现，研究结果为相应领域的深入研究提供资料和思路。

北京官厅水库流域农田地表径流生物可利用磷流失规律

在模拟降雨条件下(30-69mm/39min),对官厅水库流域玉米地和休闲地地表径流泥沙和生物可利用磷(BAP)流失进行了初步研究.累积泥沙产量受雨强、坡度和作物覆盖影响,变幅为305.1-24933.4g/10m2;径流平均颗粒态生物可利用磷(BPP)、溶解态磷(SP)浓度都超出水体允许临界值0.02mg/L,表明流域农田地表径流对库区水体存在潜在污染危害;径流累积BAP流失达0.08-4.804g/10m2,估算的农田径流BAP流失达0.49kg/(hm2.a)以上.79.7%以上的BAP是颗粒态的.

Topological Diversity of Coordination Polymers Containing the Rigid Terephthalate and a Flexible N,N'-Type Ligand: Interpenetration, Polyrotaxane, and Polythreading

Reactions of zinc(II) or cadmium(II) salts with terephthalic acid (H(2)tp) and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane (bpp) have afforded four coordination polymers at room temperature, [Zn(mu-tp)(mu-bpp)](n)center dot 2nH(2)O (1), [Cd-2(mu-tp)(2)(mu-bpp)(3)](n)center dot 2nH(2)O (2), [Cd(mu-tp)(mu-bpp)(H2O)](n)center dot nH(2)O (3), and [Cd-2(mu-tp)(mu-bpp)(2)(bpp)(2)Br-2](n) (4). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has revealed interesting topological features for these compounds.