40 resultados para biologi
"Tekniken fångar mig" : Hur högstadie- och gymnasieflickor tänker om biologi, kemi, fysik och teknik
Resumo:
Den här studien tar sin utgångspunkt i genusteorier och de naturvetenskapliga och tekniska ämnesområdena i skolsammanhang. Syftet är att undersöka vad flickor tänker om ämnena biologi, kemi, fysik och teknik och hur det påverkar valet av fortsatta studier. I undersökningen deltar flickor i grundskolans årskurs 9 och gymnasiets årskurs 3. I undersökningen användes intervjuer, fokussamtal och enkäter. Resultaten visar att ett personligt ämnesintresse, den egna förmågan och förebilder i familj och kamrater bidrar till att flickor väljer naturvetenskapliga och tekniska studier. Betydelsefullt är att ämnesintresset på något sätt finns i flickornas vardagsliv exempelvis ett naturintresse. Av vikt för att flickorna väljer dessa studier är att de befinner sig i en omgivning, ex familj, som stödjer och främjar naturvetenskapliga och tekniska intressen och studier. Resultaten visar också några av de egenskaper som behövs för att göra gränsöverskridande studieval. Däremot visar resultatet att arbetssätten påverkar i mindre grad till ett personligt intresse för fortsatta studier. Identifieringen med en grupp för att känna tillhörighet är av betydelse i val av ämnesstudier.
Resumo:
Biological evolution is part of the syllabi for Biology and Science in Swedish upper secondary school. In the syllabi, evolution is not only presented as a topic in Biology courses, but is also regarded as a unifying theme. The teacher has a fundamental role in deciding how the national curriculum is translated into the educational situation. This thesis investigates teachers’ accounts of their teaching of evolution in Swedish upper secondary school, describing their understandings of the purpose of teaching and learning evolution as part of biology education. The thesis is based on interviews of teachers teaching the course Biology A, which is compulsory as dictated by the Natural Science Program. The interviews were supplemented with questionnaires. The interviews were orientated towards questions about selection of course content and the reasons for choosing this content. The interviews were focused on teachers experiences based on their own practice. Two aspects of content were examined: (1) the scientific content taught in terms of themes and (2) the socializing value-laden aspects, such as priorities taken by the teachers and the teachers´ overarching aims. The results showed that teachers described different teaching contents with regard to values, even when the core content of themes was similar. Four different selective traditions for choosing content were identified among teachers. The results are discussed in relation to the context and conditions that the teachers identify as influential on the content chosen. Teachers’ interactions with their students as well as their world views are important for their selection and adjustment of content. There are also indications that teachers’ personal views about purposes are important for selecting the teaching content.
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"Organo de la Sociedad Mexicana de Biología."
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Kirjallisuusarvostelu
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how elevated levels of heavy metals affect the faunal species composition, abundance and species-diversity. The bentic macroinvertebrate fauna in the highly polluted lake Tisken was compared with the bentic macroinvertebrate fauna in the unpolluted lake Varpan. Mine wastes account for most of the metal that is discharged into Tisken. The hypotheses was that the heavy metal pollutions in lake Tisken influenced the species composition, abundance and diversity of the macroinvertebrates. Twenty samples were taken in both sites. The invertebrates were collected with a bag net and a plastic cylinder one meter from the shoreline. The invertebrates in the forty samples were classified and statistical analyses were made.Some taxa, common at undisturbed sites, were missing at metal polluted sites. Mayfly larvae, Ephemeroptera, were only found in Varpan. Surprisingly, more taxa were found in the polluted lake Tisken (23 taxa) compared to the unpolluted Varpan (19 taxa). However, the abundance of macroinvertebrates in Varpan (291 individuals) was higher than in Tisken (242 individuals).
Resumo:
This study where designed to investigate if there are any positive relationship between the extent of physical activity during adolescent's leisure time and the academic performance, and also if there are any negative relationship between the academic performance and the time spent in front of the television or computers. Another part of the study tried to find out if physical activity has a direct and immediate influence on the performance in school. 91 pupils (51 girls and 40 boys) in the 8:th year of the Swedish primary school, from three different schools participated in the study. All 91 pupils first responded to a questionnaire concerning there activities in leisure time. They where then tested in a mathematical test and the results where compared with the extent of physical activity and TV/computer time they had stated in the questionnaire. 53 of the pupils also participated in the part of the study where direct and immediate influences of physical activity where tested. They where tested in two different but similar mathematical tests. Before the first test all pupils had a walk for about 3 km. The second test where accomplished whiteout preceding walk.Pupils who spend one hour or less/week on physical activity had significant lower mean score on the mathematical test then the pupils who spend more than one hour/week on physical activities, (Mann-Whitney U-test: Z= -2,486, p= 0,0129). Boys who spent 10,5 hours or less/week in front of the TV/computer had significant higher mean score than the boys who spent more than 10,5 hours/week in front of the TV/computer. No significant differences in the results of the two different tests, one white and one whiteout preceding walk, were observed.
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It is often challenging to create a new enrichment program for any animal. This is especially true with the additional challenge that I wanted to use only naturalistic enrichment, and I’m working with animals some of which are nocturnal. Even with a many hurdles, a little bit of enrichment can do a big difference and make a big difference in activity levels of the animals. Eskilstuna parkens zoo have a house called the MUSeum housing four kinds of rodents. Rodents are generally much more active at night and spend much of the day sleeping out of sight of the public. One of the goals of starting an enrichment program was to increase the animal’s activity throughout the day to provide an improved guest experience. Many of the guests would stop briefly at the exhibit only seeing the empty exhibit, unaware of that there were animals there. Before starting an enrichment program, I wanted to determine how the rodent was spending their time. By observing the animals’ behaviour for 15 minutes a day at various times throughout the day, for a total of 15 observations, I was able to construct an activity budget for their behaviour. The results obtained were, as expected, that the rodents spent a lot of time resting. By enrichment both with food and the temperature we were able to take the activity to another level, and several new behaviours were observed.
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The aim of the study was to test whether or not menstruating women’s levels of haemoglobin changed after three weeks consumption of Blutsaft. Previous studies on nutrition supplements including iron have shown increased haemoglobin levels. On Blutsaft, however, there are no studies carried out and published. The participants in this pilot study were menstruating women, with haemoglobin levels between 105 and 125 g/l at the initial part of the study. Haemoglobin concentrations were measured by capillary blood samples before and after three weeks recommended daily consumption of Blutsaft. Four participants completed the study and the result showed an increase in haemoglobin concentration of between 7 and 17 g/l., with a median value at 16,75 g/l. Despite the few participants who completed the study a significant increase in haemoglobin concentration, after the consumption of Blutsaft, can be determined.
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The aim of this study is to elucidate factors that effect growth of Sarcina lutea and Bacillus subtilis, exposed to the growth inhibitor SDS (Sodiumdodecylsulfat). Agar diffusion experiments revealed repeated, concentric zones of inhibition and stimulation upon exposure to Sodiumdodecylsulphate or to Amoxicillin. Temperature, nutrient concentration and inhibitor concentration were controlled. Formation of successively repeated zones of inhibition, stimulation, inhibition and stimulation is discussed: •The extension of the primary inhibition zone is due to the concentration of applied Sodium dodecyl sulphate.•Immediately outside the primary inhibition zone the bacteria have access to diffusing nutrients that have not been consumed in the primary inhabitation zone.•In zones of dense bacterial growth the bacteria may produce inhibiting substances, affecting growth of bacteria in adjacent zones.•In zones of dense bacterial growth the nutrients will soon become depleted, thus affecting bacteria in adjacent zones.
Resumo:
Min studie handlar om hur inomartskonkurrensen ser ut hos talgoxen, Parus major, när det gäller födosök, trädplacering och säkerhet. Är det så att fåglarna lever i ”mansdominerade” samhällen, att det är hanen som söker föda på de bästa och säkraste delarna av trädet jämfört med honan. För att undersöka detta har 31 talgoxar studerats under nio dagar i sin naturliga miljö. Här noterades var i trädet de placerade sig och hur de sedan förflyttade sig i tre födosök. För att visa på skillnader gjorde jag icke- parametriska tester som visade att det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan hur honor och hanar placerar sig i träden vid födosök.
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In Sweden you will find the coot chiefly in the southern parts. The species winters in the southern part of the Baltic Sea and along the coasts of northern Europe. The number of coots is heavily decreased by harsh winters. The population of the coots in Sweden is estimated to 20 000 to 30 000 pairs. The region of Dalarna is the random zone for the breeding of coots in Sweden . During the summer of 2006 the coot was reported to reproduce in at least 31 lakes and rivers preferably in the southern part of the Dalarna region. From Lake Brunnsjön at least 50 pairs of coots were reported. Lake Brunnsjön is by far the most nutrient rich lake in Dalarna.From the three lakes that are included in the study, namely Lake Glistjärn, Lake Limsjön and Lake Kyrkbytjärn, the water analysis shows high pH values, well-buffered waters and meso- trophic waters.The number of successful breedings was eleven. Lake Glistjärn zero breeding, Lake Limsjön four and Lake Kyrkbytjärn seven breedings. The northernmost lake in Dalarna where breeding occurred is Lake Limsjön.
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This work investigates the breeding success of the Black-throated Diver, Gavia arctica, related to the water quality in three lakes located in the Vallentuna area, north of Stockholm, Sweden.For more than 30 years, I have studied the bird life around these three and other nearby lakes, and noticed that the Black-throated Diver breeds in some lakes, but not in others.The results confirm that the deep and clear lakes Tärnan and Stora Harsjön have good water quality regarding pH, alkalinity, aluminium and Secchi disk values. As expected, the Black-throated Diver shows breeding success in those two lakes, but does not breed in the shallow and eutrophic lake Mysslingen.
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Ekens (Quercus robur) nordgräns sägs gå vid Dalälven, Limes Norrlandicus – den biologiska Norrlandsgränsen. Ludvikabygden skiljer sig naturgeografiskt och topografiskt från övriga Dalarna och tillhör Mälarens avrinningsområde. Trakten runt sjön Väsman har ett varmare klimat och fler soltimmar än den övriga bygden. För mellan 5.000-8.000 år sedan vandrade eken in i Sverige efter den senaste istiden. Det tog 3.000 år för den att sprida sig över hela Sverige som då hade en medeltemperatur 2-3? högre än idag.Ekens vegetationsperiod – när dygnsmedeltemperaturen överstiger 5? – är ca 7 månader för att ekollonen skall bli groningsdugliga och därmed kunna föröka sig naturligt. I Ludvikatrakten är vegetationsperioden ca 6 månader. Dalarnas skogar består av ? 1% ek. Årsmedeltemperaturen har i Mellansverige ökat ungefär 1? de senaste 30 åren. I framtiden får vi räkna med temperaturhöjningar på mellan 2-6? beroende på hur stort utsläpp som sker till atmosfären. Detta innebär att vi på dessa breddgrader får ett klimat liknande det i Centraleuropa med längre odlingssäsong. Det innebär också ökande skador på skog och växtlighet samt fler och mer extrema väderväxlingar.Syftet med den här undersökningen är att se om etablering av ek har skett i Ludvikatrakten de senaste decennierna samt vilka faktorer som kan påverka detta. Två separata områden om vardera 1,0 ha undersöktes. På område 1 i nordvästsluttning registrerades 20 exemplar av ek. På område 2 i västsluttning registrerades 28 exemplar av ek. Gamla ekar är en nyckelbiotop för sällsynta insekter och kryptogamer. Ek är stormfast p g a dess djupa rotsystem. Blandskog motverkar parasit-, insektsangrepp och rotröta samt gynnar biologisk mångfald och etablering av fältskikt. Ekens virke är dessutom eftertraktat då det är hårt och slitstarkt.
Resumo:
Denna studie handlar om hur sju verksamma lärare undervisar i naturvetenskap för elever i de tidigare åren i grundskolan. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer och har haft karaktären av ett samtal mellan mig och informanterna. Studien tar sitt avstamp i de didaktiska frågorna, Vad ska undervisas? Varför är det viktigt? Hur ska det genomföras? En genomgång av litteraturen ger oss även en inblick i hur några forskare ser på läget med den naturvetenskapliga undervisningen, både i nationell och internationell mening. Studien visar att lärarna har undervisat med tonvikt på biologi-delen av skolans no-undervisning men har försökt sträva mot de mål som de, enligt Skolverket, har att följa. Undervisningen har också i mångt och mycket haft en karaktär där elevernas egen inneboende nyfikenhet har fått stå i fokus. Lärarna har även försökt tillvarata och möta elevernas frågor på ett sätt som kan främja lärande i naturvetenskap. Det tongivande för lärarna har dock varit att försöka stimulera elevernas nyfikenhet och lusten till att lära.