CuO／活性炭和Fe_2O_3／活性炭催化还原NO

ＣｕＯ／活性炭和Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３／活性炭催化还原ＮＯ高志明，赵震，杨向光，吴越（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词活性炭，还原，ＮＯ，氧化铜，氧化铁目前，对固定源的ＮＯ处理是采用Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２作催化剂，ＮＨ３作还原剂的选择催化还原方...

常温SnO_2-α-Fe_2O_3气敏元件制备

用a-Fe_2O_3研制成的加热式气敏元件功耗大(约1.5W)。常温SnO_2-a-Fe_2O_3气敏元件功耗低(约0.1W),灵敏度高,响应恢复快,稳定,具有一定选择性。 气敏元件制备方法:按62.5％,6.2％和31.3％称取SnO_2,a-Fe_2O_3和硅胶,加水研磨2小时,使其呈浆糊状,点入模具内,放入一对φ0.05mm铂丝电极,晾干,脱模,在860～890℃空气中烧结95分钟。

常温α-Fe_2O_3气敏元件

本文通过对元件进行IR和BET的测试以及温度与元件电阻的关系的分析,探讨了元件的性能机理,介绍了元件的制作方法及其性能。

有序纳米薄膜的组装及其结构研究

纳米材料具有一系列新异的物理、化学特性，但是纳米粒子只有组装特定的结构才能制成器件应用于实际。本论文的目标就是制备多种具有特定结构的周期性有序的纳米薄膜，探索化学方法制备各种有机－无机、无机－无机超晶格结构的途径。首次通过布儒斯特角显微镜，观察到了 SnO_2、Fe_2O_3 及 TiO_2 等无机氧化物纳米溶胶在其与空气的界面上能自发成膜的现象，并进一步对 SnO_2 纳米溶胶界面所形成的界面膜进行了详细研究，发现在空气与 SnO_2 纳米溶胶界面形成稳定的界面膜约需 8 h，膜厚约为 20 nm，垂直方式转移的膜质量比较好，膜的组成为非化学计量比的 SnO_(2-x)，其中存在着大量的氧空位。虽然随着在空气中放置时间的增长，发现转移出来的膜不很稳定，膜中粒子有长大的倾向，但是薄膜始终处于纳米量级，而且这种方法操作简单、适于规模化生产，因此仍不失为一种制备无机氧化物纳米薄膜的方法。为了达到使纳米粒子稳定和有序化的双重目的，制备了花生酸掺杂的 DBS 包裹的 SnO_2 纳米有机溶胶，并采用 LB 技术对其进行了组装。发现花生酸掺杂的 SnO_2 纳米粒具有很好的成膜性，崩溃压可达 60 mN/m，可以成功地往固体基片上转移上百层，转移比均在 0.8-1.0 之间。转移膜的红外光谱、紫外光谱及 X 光电子能谱的研究表明，转移多层膜的组成为 SnO_2 和花生酸，包裹 SnO_2 纳米粒子的 DBS 为花生酸所代替而溶于亚相水中。转移膜非常均匀，由 100 nm 左右的畴构成，畴由更小的粒子组成。偏振红外光谱和小角 X 射线衍射的研究表明花生酸在膜中是取向排列的，碳链与其法线约成 10.2°夹角，SnO_2 纳米粒子和花生酸形成了交替重复的周期性结构，其周期间距为 7.48 nm。采用同样方法，还成功地组装了 TiO_2 纳米粒子和花生酸交替重复的周期性有序结构。进一步对花生酸掺杂的 TiO_2 纳米粒子和 SnO_2 纳米粒子进行了交替组装，发现交替膜是由 SnO_2、TiO_2 和花生酸组成的，花生酸在膜中取向排列，其碳链与法线的夹角为 36°，SnO_2 纳米粒子、TiO_2 纳米粒子和花生酸形成了一种有机物质和两种无机纳米粒子交替重复的 SnO_2－花生酸－TiO_2－花生酸的周期性有序结构，其周期间距为 6.46 nm。得到了几种准一维的有机－无机超晶格结构并找到了制备它们的化学方法。对所得的 SnO_2－花生酸和 SnO_2－花生酸－TiO_2－花生酸的周期性有序结构直接进行了热处理，并对组合体的变化进行了研究。发现热处理后，膜中的有机成分完全分解，前者的周期性结构遭到彻底破坏，但是却得到了沿 (101)晶面取向的 SnO_2 薄膜；后者的周期性结构经过一系列的变化，却依然保持，形成了 SnO_2 纳米粒子和 TiO_2 纳米粒子交替重复的周期性有序结构。开辟了一条采用化学方法制备准一维的无机－无机超晶格材料的途径。成膜物质在亚相表面形成稳定的单层膜的条件和单层膜向固体基片的转移条件是制备高质量 LB 膜的关键，重点对花生酸在 YCl_3 稀溶液表面的成膜行为进行了研究，发现亚相的 pH 值和溶剂的挥发时间对单分子膜的形成都具有很大影响，所形成的单分子膜在该亚相表面是不可逆的。进一步研究了单层膜的转移条件，并选定最佳条件将单分子膜转移到固体基片上，对膜的组成、形貌等进行了多种表征测试。发现我们得到了是结构非常好的含有三个链的花生酸钇 M(AA)_3 的 Y－型的周期性结构，碳链在膜中与基底法线的夹角为 28.5°，而不是有的文献认为的羟基化的花生酸钇 M(AA)_2OH LB 膜。

高活性的苯酚羟化催化体系的研究

邻苯二酚和对苯二酚是苯酚衍生物中两种有高附加值和广泛用途的精细化学中间体。自七十年代以来，以过氧化氢为氧化剂，从苯酚一步羟化制二酚已经进行了量的研究工作。由于它不仅有重要的工业应用价值，而且还与生物体内氧化过程有一些共同点，因此一直是催化学家关注的课题。本论文合成了一系列复合氧化物包括过渡金属同晶取代的HMS中孔分子筛和含铜钙钛石型超导体复合氧化物，并考察了其苯酚羟化催化活性。1.M-HMS (M=Fe, Cu, Co, V)中孔分子筛合成、表征及苯酚羟化催化作用 以十二烷基胺为模板剂室温下合成了一系列过渡金属同晶取代的M-HMS中孔分子筛(M=Fe, Cu, Co, V)，Fe-HMS的红外和顺磁谱图说明Fe原子已经进入分子筛骨架。苯酚羟化结果表明，与Cu-HMS、Co-HMS、V-HMS和Fe_2O_3/HMS相比，Fe-HMS有较高的催化活性，苯酚转化率可达54%。考察了不同因素对苯酚羟化反应的影响，并给出了相应的反应机理。2.苯酚羟化反就中含负钙钛石超导体复合氧化物催化性能及反应机理的研究 采用柠檬酸络合法合成了一系列含铜钙钛石超导体复合氧化物。用化学滴定方法、XPS和O_2-TPD等技术对所合成的复合氧化物的组成和表面性质进行了测定。考察了不同因素对苯酚羟化催化活性的影响。通过探讨催化剂结构与活性的关系，发现含铜超导体中的非化学计量氧和铜离子的平均价态与苯酚羟化活性和过氧化氢分解活性密切相关。氧空位含量越多，铜离子平均价态越高，催化过氧化氢分解活性越高，苯酚羟化活性越低；反之，氧空位含量越少，铜离子平均价态越低，苯酚羟化活性越高，催化过氧化氢分解活性越弱。在实验中初次观察到醌类化合物在苯酚羟化反应催化循环中具有增强电子传递功能，在此基础上提出了醌类化合物参与催化循环起传递电子作用的机理。

氧化物气敏半导体与H_2O(g)、O_2(g)及还原性气体相互作用的研究

本文采用自行设计的均速增加加热电压改变元件温度的方法以及动、静态气敏特性测试方法并借助其它测试手段（X光衍射、BET、扫描电流）系统地研究了表面电导控制型SnO_2系元件和体电导控制型γ-Fe_2O_3元件在变温过程中与H_2O(g)、O_2(g)和还原性气体相互作用的规律。实验结果表明：添加剂Al_2O_3、MgO、Pd、Pt和Sb_2O_3均对元件的体电阴均有调制作用。Al_2O_3是以微粒状存在于元件内，它为元件提供了活化中心，提高了元件的灵敏度。而γ-Fe_2O_3具有超微细结构。SnO_2系元件和γ-FeO_3元件取样电压(V_L)与温度（T）的变化关系在空气和惰性气氛中均是非线性的。材料组份不同的元件，其V_L～T变化规律不同。各元件在空气和惰性气氛中的变化，除阻值不同外，其V_L～T变化规律基本相同。综合考虑添加剂(Al_2O_3、MgO)和气氛（空气、惰性气氛、纯氧气）的影响，SnO_2系元件的V_L～T变化规律不仅是由于氧在元件表面上的吸附及吸附状态的不同所引起，很大程度上取决于元件材料的组成和温度对材料内载流子浓度和逐移率的影响。基于对SnO_2系元件的V_L～T变化规律的分析，γ-Fe_2O_3元件V_L随温度的变化也是由于环境中的氧和材料内载流子迁移率随温度的变化所致。SnO_2系元件和γ-Fe_2O_3元件在不同温度所测的V_L～T变化关系表明：SnO_2元件在低温(<72%RH)条件下，具有与干燥空气中相同的V_L～T变化关系；在高温度(>72%RH)的空气中，H_2O(g)的存在对元件低温区(<100 ℃) (200 ℃-400 ℃)的V_L值均有影响，在低温区的V_L值较干燥空气中的V_L值高；中温区的V_L值较干燥空气中的V_L值低。把在约98%RH的空气和氩气中的V_L～T变化曲线比较表明：中温区的实验现象是由于空气中H_2O(g)与O_2(g)共存所致。γ-Fe_2O_3元件在不同温气气氛中的V_L～T变化规律相同，且在元件工作温度（129 ℃～320 ℃）范围内V_L值相同，但均较干燥空气中该条件下的V_L值高。在实验中亦观察到SnO_2元件在温度低于72%RH中长期放置亦可观察到与实验中温度>72%RH条件下相同的V_L～T变化。SnO_2元件在空气和惰性气氛中对还原性气体均有气敏性。而且在惰性气氛中对微量还原性气体（H_2）的灵敏度比在空气中的灵敏度高。掺贵金属Pd或Pt的SnO_2元件在惰性气氛中，当H_2浓度高于8000ppm时，元件电导突变式增加。我们认为SnO_2系元件在空气中检测还原性气体的工作机理是表面化学反应过程；在惰性气氛中其工作机理是表面解离吸附过程。γ-Fe_2O_3元件在空气中对C_4H_(10)具有较高的选择性。但在惰性气氛中对还原性气体不具有气敏性。我们认为环境中氧是体电导控制型气敏元件气敏性不可缺少的中间媒介。其检测机理是微观可逆氧化-还原过程。

I：新型稀土永磁材料Nd-Fe-B氧化过程及抗氧化新体系研究II：CuO、Y_2Cu_2O_5、BaCuO_2和RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导体磁化率及Cu价态研究

本论文由两大部分组成。第一部分是新型稀土永磁材料Nd-Fe-B氧化过程及抗氧化新体系的研究。Nd-Fe-B永磁体是1983年问世的新型稀土永磁材料。和原有的铁氧体及Sm-Co体系相比，具有磁能积高（50MGOe）。价廉源广，制备简单等三大优点；也有居里温度低（310℃），温度系数大（－0.126%/K），易氧化等三大缺点，我们对Nd-Fe-B合金的氧化过程进行研究，发现该材料热稳定性差，容易发生氧化反应，氧化使材料的结构受到破坏，并给材料的磁性造成不可恢复的损失，整个氧化过程是分阶段的。在室温和干燥的空气中材料基本是稳定的。150℃以下材料磁性受到破坏的主要原因是体系中Nd的氧化。230℃以上材料主体成分Fe也开始氧化，温度升高使反应进程大大加快。到800℃左右反应基本结束，最终产物主要为Fe_2O_3, Nd_2O_3·FeNdO_3和NdBO_3。增加体系中B的相对含量和添加某些新的元素均能提高材料的抗氧化能力，新研制的Nd-Fe-B-Si四元体系和原来的Nd-Fe-B体系相比具有下列显著优点：新体系的抗氧化能力大大提高，经过150℃的长期恒温试验，材料的结构，磁性均未受到破坏，某些体系甚至能在更高的温度下使用，另外，新体系的居里温度Tc也大为提高。比原有Nd-Fe-B磁体高40℃左右。因此该体系是一种大有发展前途的新材料。此外，我们用动态热重法研究了Nd-Fe-B合金的氧化动力学过程，但由于我们新合成的体系构相较为复杂，未能达到预期效果。第二部分是CuO，Y_2Cu_2O_5，BaCuO_2和RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导体（R稀土元素）磁化率及铜价态研究，铜的氧化物具有复杂的化学计量关系和磁学性质。在对CuO的磁化率研究中，我们发现在低温区（77K－110K）和一定磁场下，CuO由顺磁突变为抗磁。这种转变与磁场强度有很大关系。这一结果与前人的工作有较大的出入。而与超导体的形为极为相似。所不同的是，转变温度与样品的重量也有关系。实验结果重复。由于铜氧性质在R-Ba-Cu-O超导体中起决定作用，因此有必要对CuO的低温磁性作进一步研究。此外，我们对文献尚未报道的Y_2Cu_2O_5的磁化率在77－300K温度区间进行了测量，发现它是顺磁性物质，室温有效磁矩μ_(eff) = 2.13μB。高于Cu~(2+)的理论有效磁矩（1.73μB）。经过碘量法价态分析，发现Y_2Cu_2O_5中有部分Cu~(3+)，这与磁化率的测定相符合。Tc在90K左右的Y-Ba-Cu-O体系是近期才发现的具有超高温超导材料。该体系有着独特的结构和性质。在对R-Ba-Cu-O及R-Ba-Cu-O-Ag超导体的研究中，我们发现此类超导体属II类超导体，在临界温附近该超导体由顺磁转变为抗磁，此种变化与磁场强度有很大关系，当场强大于一定值后，则观察不到这种转变。在对RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (R = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm)超导体和具有相同配比但由于合成工艺条件不同而不超导的R'Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (R' = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd)非超导体的铜价态分析中，我们发现此两类化合物中均含有一定量的Cu~(3+)。且超导体中Cu~(3+)的含量高于非超导体中Cu~(3+)的含量（同样比例）。我们还发现Cu~(3+)对水极为敏感，将RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (除R = Gd, Dy, Er)超导体在未干燥容器中测出的Cu~(3+)量远远低于干燥容器中所测得的值。我们认为这可能是引起超导体不稳定的重要原因。由于尚缺乏用其它手段检测到超导体中Cu~(3+)存在的例证。故对此问题还有待于今后继续作进一步的研究。

La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3)结构、气敏和导电性的研究

SnO_2,ZnO和Fe_2O_3等气敏元件目前还存在性能不一致、不稳定等缺点.为要寻找更稳定、选择性更好的敏感元件材料,我们用陶瓷工艺合成了钙钛矿型La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3复合氧化物.用x-射线衍射法测量了La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3的样品,其结构属于立方晶系,

甲醇氨氧化制氢氰酸的铁钼催化剂活性组分的研究

采用X射线衍射、IR、M(?)ssbauer、ESR和ESCA等方法研究了甲醇氨氧化制氢氰酸的铁钼催化剂活性组分与催化活性的关系.X射线衍射和IR研究指出,催化剂中的铁和钼是以Fe_2(MoO_4)_3、MoO_3和a-Fe_2O_3存在.Fe_2(MoO_4)_3的相对含量与活性随Fe/Mo的变化呈峰形对应关系.M(?)ssbauer、ESR和ESCA分析表明,铁是以Fe~(3+)存在,但有两种配位,一种是Fe_2(MoO_4)_3中的八面体配位,另一种可能是Fe_2O_3·xMoO_3(x<3)的不完善配位.前者是基本活性组分,和后者一起完成选择氧化的功能.

希土永磁材料Nd—Fe—B氧化过程及抗氧化新体系的研究

Nd-Fe-B永磁体的热稳定性较差,易氧化,氧化使材料的结构受到破坏,永磁性能受到不可恢复的损失。氧化过程是分阶段的,在室温和干燥的空气中是稳定的,150℃左右受到破坏的主要原因是体系中钕的氧化,230℃以上铁开始氧化,温度升高使氧化加快,800℃左右氧化基本结束,最终产物主要是Fe_2O_3、Nd_2O_3和NdBO_3。新研制的Nd-Fe-B-Si四元体系的抗氧化能力有较大的提高,居里温度也提高了许多,是一种大有发展前途的新材料。

冲绳海槽晚第四纪沉积特征及其物源和环境意义

本文通过对冲绳海槽北端和南部两个海区沉积物样品的粒度、矿物和元素组成与分布特征的研究，探讨了冲绳海槽沉积物的来源，给出了一定元素组合的物源意义。通过对冲绳海槽两个柱状沉积物的粒度、矿物、元素在地层中的分布特征的研究，结合浮游有孔虫氧同位素地层划分，探讨了冲绳海槽晚第四纪沉积记录的古环境意义。 冲绳海槽陆架和陆坡沉积物明显具有陆架残留沉积的特征，沉积物主要由陆源碎屑矿物、生物碎屑、粘土矿物和少量自生矿物组成。在冲绳海槽北端，陆架和陆坡砂质区沉积物的主要来源是冰期低海面时古黄河的残留沉积，在现代沉积环境下受到海洋生物和自生沉积作用的改造；济州岛南部的细粒沉积区的物源主要是周围陆架残留沉积，在黄海暖流和黄海沿岸流的综合作用下，残留沉积中的细粒组分再沉积形成的。冲绳海槽北端海槽区沉积物主要是火山活动的产物，火山玻璃和火山型的辉石、紫苏辉石和磁铁矿明显富集。冲绳海槽南部沉积物的主要物源是长江沉积物，此外还有大量的海相生物沉积和自生沉积。对元素分布特征的研究表明，冲绳海槽陆架区富含陆源粗碎屑组分SiO_2和生源碎屑组分CaO和Sr，生物沉积对陆源沉积明显具有稀释作用。陆坡区由于受黑潮暖流的影响，往往富集Fe_2O_3和P_2O_5。在海槽区，陆源细粒组分以及与细粒组分相关的元素A1_2O_3、K_2O、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni和Cr等明显富集。利用R型因子分析的方法确定了两个研究区元素组合，结合沉积物的矿物组成给出不同元素组合的物源意义。对冲绳海槽北部(Y127孔)和南部(E017孔)两个柱状沉积物的浮游由孔虫的δ~(18)O进行了分析，将其与本区具有高分辨率的柱状样氧同位素曲线对比进行，结果表明，δ~(18)O值较敏感地记录了冲绳海槽晚第四纪以来的古环境变化。δ~(18)O的高值往往与冷期相对应，δ~(18)O的低值与暖期相对应。冲绳海槽在12ka BP左右开始了逐渐转暖的过程，在10ka BP左右(YD事件)发生了短暂的降温过程，但降温幅度很小。根据沉积物化学组成在地层中的变化规律，大部分元素较敏感地记录了全新世气候转暖事件，但是对于千年尺度的YD事件，多数元素对此没有明显的响应。冲绳海槽火山活动对沉积物的组成和沉积环境的塑造起到了至关重要的作用。根据氧同位素地层划分，在冲绳海槽北部12ka BP曾有火山活动的纪录，距今约8ka BP以来，冲绳海槽有两次较大规模火山活动的记录。火山活动往往会在短期引起气候的变冷，从而造成海区生态环境的破坏，生物沉积作用减弱。但从长期变化来看，可能是气候变暖的因素之一。火山层的主要特征为沉积物主要由粉砂组成，平均粒径明显高于周围层位，在矿物组成上表现为蒙皂石、火山玻璃和火山型的辉石、紫苏辉石和磁铁矿的含量较高，在化学组成上表现为Na_2O与Zr的同高于周围层位，而陆源性较强的元素TFe_2O_3和K_2O，以及生源组分CaCO_3和Sr的含量普遍低于周围非火山层。

宣龙式赤铁矿含矿岩系的成矿过程研究

Xuanlong-type Hematite Deposits, distributed in Xuanhua and Longguang area in Hebei province and hosted in the Changchengian Chuanlinggou Formation of Mesoproterozoic, is an oldest depositional iron deposit characterized by oolitic and stromatolitic hematite and siderite. This thesis made an systematic study of its sedimentary, sedimentology, geochemistry, mineralogy and sequence stratigraphy. Based on above, the mechanism and background of biomineralization are discussed. There are four types of hematite ores including stromatolite, algal oolite, algal pisolite and oncolite. Based on detailed study on ore texture, the authors think both algal oolite and algal pisolite ores are organic texture ores, and related to the role of microorganisms. The process of blue-green algae and bacteria in the Xuanlong basin absorbing, adsorbing and sticking iron to build up stromatolite is the formation process of Xuanlong-type hematite deposit. Researches on ore-bearing series and ore geochemistry show that the enrichment of elements is closely related to the microorganism activities. Fe_2O_3 is enriched in dark laminations of stromatolite with much organic matter and SiO_2 in light laminations with detrital matters. The trace elements, especially biogenic elements, including V, P, Mo are enriched in ores but relatively low in country rocks. The paper also demonstrates on the sequence stratigraphy of hematite deposits and five sequences and twelve systems are divided. The characteristics of sequence stratigraphy show that the deposit-forming location has obviously selectivity and always exists under a transgressive setting. The oxygen isotope in hematite is about -2.2～5.7‰, which is similar to that of Hamlys iron formation of Australia but more negative than that of volcanic or hydrothermal iron deposits characterized by high positive values. The calculation by the result of oxygen isotope analysis shows that the temperature of ancient sea water was 48.53℃. The negative value of carbon isotope from siderite indicates its biogenic carbon source. Meanwhile, the occurrence of seismite in the ore-beds, which indicates the formation of hematite deposits is associated with frequent shock caused by structural movement such as distal volcano or ocean-bottom earthquake etc, show the occurrence of hematite deposits is eventual, not gradual. In shorts, Xuanlong-type hematite deposits were the result of interaction among geological setting of semi-isolated Xuanglong basin, favorable hot and humid climate condition, abundant iron source, microorganism such as algae and bateria as well as the fluctuation of the sea level.

大别山岩石圈有效弹性厚度初步研究

As powerful tools to study the lithosphere dynamics, the effective elastic thickness (Te) as well as the envelope of yielding stress of lithosphere have been attracted great attention of geoscientists in the past thirty years. The oceanic lithosphere, contrary to the continental lithosphere, has more fruits for its simple structures and evolution process. In continent, the lithosphere commonly is complex and variable in the rheological, thermal structures, and has a complicated history. Therefore, the application of the effective elastic thickness in continent is still a subject to learn in a long time. Te, with the definition of the thickness of an elastic plate in theory flexured by the equal benging of the real stress in the lithosphere plate (Turcotte, 1982), marks the depth of transition between elastic and fluid behaviors of rocks subjected to stress exceeding 100 MPa over the geological timescales (McNutt, 1990). There are three methods often adapted: admittance or isostatic response function, coherence and forwarding. In principle, the models of Te consist of thermal-rheological, non-linear Maxwell, non-linear work hardening and rheological layered models. There is a tentative knowledge of Te that it is affected by the following factors: crustal thickness, crust-mantle decoupling, plate bending, boundary conditions of plate (end forces and bending moments), stress state, sedimentary layer, faulting effect, variation in the mountain belts' strike, foreland basin, inheritance of tectonic evolution, convection of mantle, seismic depth and lithosphere strength. In this thesis, the author introduces the geological sketch of the Dabie collisional orogenic belt and the Hefei Basin. The Dabie Mts. is famous for the ultra-high pressure metamorphism. The crustal materials subducted down to the depth of at least 100 km and exhumed. So that the front subjects arise such as the deeply subduction of continent, and the post-collisional crust-mantle interaction. In a geological journey at June of 1999, the author found the rarely variolitic basaltic andesite in the Dabie Mts. It occurs in Susong Group, near Zhifenghe Countryside, Susong County, Anhui Province. It is just to the south of the boundary between the high-grade Susong melange and the ultra-high grade South Dabie melange. It has a noticeable knobby or pitted appearance in the surface. The size of the varioles is about 1-4 mm. In hand-specimen and under microscope, there are distinct contacts between the varioles and the matrice. The mineralogy of the varioles is primarily radiate plagioclase, with little pyroxene, hornblende and quartz. The pyroxene, hornblende and quartz are in the interstices between plagioclase. The matrix is consisted of glass, and micro-crystals of chlorite, epidote and zoisite. It is clearly subjected and extensive alteration. The andesite has an uncommon chemical composition. The SiO_2 content is about 56.8%, TiO_2 = 0.9%, MgO = 6.4%, (Fe_2O_3)_(Total) = 6.7% ～ 7.6%, 100 Mg/(Mg+Fe) = 64.1 ～ 66.2. Mg# is significantly high. The andesite has higher abundances of large-lithophile trace elements (e.g. K, Ba, Sr, LREE), e.g. La/Nd = 5.56-6.07, low abundances of high-strength-field elements (HFSE, e.g. Ta, Nb, P, Ti), particularly Ta and Nb strongly depleted. These are consistent with the characteristics of subducted-related magmas (Pearcce, 1982; Sun and McDonaugh, 1989). In the spider diagram of trace elements, from Ce to right hand, the abundances of elements decrease quickly, showing a characteristic of the continental margins (Pearce, 1982). There has a strongly enrichment of light-rare-earth elements, with a significant diffraction of REEs (the mean value of (La/Yb)_N is 32.84). No Eu anomaly, but there are anomaly high (La/Yb)_N = 28.63-36.74, (La/Y)_N = 70.33 - 82.84. The elements Y and Yb depleted greatly, Y < 20 ppm, Y_N = 2.74-2.84, Yb_N = 2.18 - 2.35. From the La-(La/Sm) diagram, the andesite is derived from partial melting. But the epsilone value of Nd is -18.7 ～ -19.2, so that the material source may be the mantle materials affected by the crustal materials. The Nd model age is 1.9 Ga indicating that the basaltic andesite was resulted from the post-collisional crust-mantle interaction between the subducted Yangze carton and the mantle of Sino-Korea carton. To obtain the Te of the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts. and the Hefei Basin, the author applies the coherence method in this thesis. The author makes two topography-gravity profiles (profiles 7~(th) and 9~(th)) across the Dabie Mts. and the Hefei Basin, and calculates the auto-coherence, across coherence, power spectrum, across power spectrum of the topography and gravity of the two profiles. From the relationships between the coherence and the wave-number of profiles. From the relationships between the coherence and the wave-number of profiles 7~(th) and 9~(th), it is obtained that the characteristic wavelengths respectively are 157 km and 126 km. Consequently the values of effective elastic thickness are 6.5 km and 4.8 km, respectively. However, the Te values merely are the minimum value of the lithosphere because the coherencemethod in a relative small region will generate a systemic underestimation. Why there is a so low Te value? In order to check the strength of the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts., the authore tries to outline the yielding-stress envelope of the lithosphere. It is suggested that the elastic layers in the crust and upper mantle are 18 km and 35 km, respectively. Since there exist a low viscosity layer about 3-5 km thickness, so it is reasonable that the decoupling between the crust and mantle occurred. So the effective thickness of the lithosphere can be estimated from the two elastic layers. Te is about 34 km. This is the maximum strength of the lithosphere. We can make an approximately estimation about the strength of the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts.: Te is about 20-30 km. The author believes that the following factors should be responsible for the low Te value: (1) the Dabie Mts. has elevated strongly since K_3-J_1. The north part of the Dabie Mts. elevates faster than the south part today; (2) there occur large active striking faults in this area. And in the east, the huge Tan-Lu striking fault anyway tends to decrease the lithosphere strength; (3) the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts. is heter-homogeneous in spatio-temporal; (4) the study area just locates in the adjacent region between the eastern China where the lithosphere thickness is significantly reduced and the normal western China. These factors will decrease the lithosphere strength.

两种催化裂化催化剂载体的矿物学特性研究－高岭土和酸活化水黑云母

通过对贵州大方高岭土（GZK-1）、苏州高岭土（JSK）、新疆伊宁高岭土（XJK-6）和新疆尉犁水黑云母及其酸活化处理样矿物学特征的系统研究，得出如下讨论：（1）GZK-1、JSK、和XJK-6的微活指数依次为 29%, 13%和0%，在微活指数上埃洛石＞高岭石＞地开石；（2）高岭土的微活指数仅与杂质铁(Fe_2O_3+FeO)的含量有一定的正相关关系；（3）高岭土的微活指数与其孔体积和比表面积有正相关关系；（4）高岭土的微活指数主要与矿物成分有关，其结构羟基的特性是活性的根源；（5）XJK-6的比表面积小(9 m~2/g)、孔体积小(0.026 ml/g)、大孔多、热稳定性好、几乎无活性；（6）在一定的实验条件下，可获得即具大的比表面积、孔径和孔体积，又尽可能保持原有晶体结构的酸活化产物；（7）活化样品中K_2O、Fe_2O_3、MgO的含量可指示其比表面积的变化；（8）水黑云母含金云母晶层的矿物晶体结构决定了其比蛭石晶层耐酸腐蚀，在较为苛刻的条件下金云母晶层仍然保持；（9）酸活化产物的特点：结构中含一定量的镁；Na_2O含量低，K_2O的含量高；比表面积大(130 m~2/g)；孔体积高(0.119 ml/g)，中孔多；微活指数低 (4.7%).

Mild wear in dry and lubricated sliding systems

A vertical pin on horizontal disc machine has been used to conduct a series of experiments in air under dry and lubricating sliding conditions. For dry sliding low load and speed combinations were chosen to correspond to the mild wear region below the Welsh T1 transition. Lubricated tests were conducted under flooded conditions using Esso Technical White Oil alone and with a 0.1% stearic acid additive, for load and speed ranges that produced substantial amounts of asperity contact and thus a boundary lubricated regime of wear. The test material in all cases was AISI 52100 steel, for unlubricated sliding subjected to loads from 5 to 50 N and a range of speeds from 10-3 to 1.0 ms-1, and for lubricated sliding loads of 50 to 123 N and for speeds of 10-2 to 1.0 ms-1. Unlubricated wear debris was found to be a mixture of -Fe_2O_3 and -Fe. Unlubricated wear was found to occur via a thin film logarithmic oxide growth followed by agglomeration into thicker oxide plateaux 2 to 10 m in thickness. Lubricated wear occurred via thick film diffusion controlled oxide growth producing homogeneous oxide plateaux 0.1 to 0.2 m in thickness. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy identified the presence of a surface film on pins worn in White Oil with stearic acid, which is thought to be iron stearate. A model has been developed for unlubricated wear based upon the postulated growth of thin film oxides by a logarithmic rate law. The importance of sliding geometry and environment to the dominant wear mechanism has been illustrated.