Physiologie des émotions : l’effet des stimuli relationnels et de la qualité affective des schémas relationnels sur les réactions physiologiques associées à des émotions de valence positive et négative

La littérature sur l’électrophysiologie des émotions ne semble pas trouver de consensus. Certaines études démontrent que les gens réagissent davantage à des stimuli de valence positive, tandis que d’autres concluent le contraire. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est de vérifier les effets de la variable relationnelle sur les réactions physiologiques de sujets issus de la population étudiante. C’est-à-dire, les réactions physiologiques sont-elles influencées uniquement par la valence affective des différentes émotions ou s’ils sont également influencés par le contexte relationnel des stimuli? Le second objectif du projet de recherche proposé est de vérifier s’il existe un effet d’interaction entre la qualité affective des schémas relationnels des participants et la nature relationnelle ou non des stimuli. Pour ce faire, le rythme cardiaque a été pris sur 16 sujets divisés en 2 groupes, basés sur leurs résultats au TAT, analysés sur l’échelle de la tonalité affective du SCORS. Finalement, un troisième objectif est de comparer l’expérience subjective des participants aux mesures physiologiques obtenues. Les résultats démontrent que les gens réagissent davantage aux scénarios non relationnels que ceux relationnels. De plus, les grandes tailles d’effet des deux groupes (tonalité affective haute et basse) semblent indiquer l’importance de prendre en considération cette variable dans de futures recherches. Finalement, d’autres études, notamment avec de plus grands échantillons, seront nécessaires pour montrer l’importance de la qualité relationnelle dans l’expérience émotive.

Sur les traces du virtuel : de la nature et du rôle de la dimension affective dans le processus de communication

La présente thèse rend compte de la dimension affective de la communication. Pour ce faire, l’expérience est d’abord considérée comme durée qualitative (Henri Bergson). Donc, l’expérience est mouvement. Point de départ : le mouvement comme caractéristique intrinsèque du corps qui, ainsi compris, devient un point de passage. Qu’est-ce qui le traverse? Des événements. Il se constitue par ce passage même, ce qui fait de lui un devenir-corps. Ici, toute expérience est acte de communication à son stade le plus pur. Qui est-ce qui communique? L’expérience est une occasion d’actualisation du virtuel. Il s’agit de l’actualisation d’une force virtuelle – que A. N. Whitehead appelle la forme subjective. Le sens du message est l’événement lui-même, c’est-à-dire ce qui émerge dans l’expérience (Gilles Deleuze). Non pas l’expérience subjective d’un sujet préconstitué, mais l’expérience pure, telle que définie par William James : une relationalité. Ce qui s’actualise est une tonalité affective (Whitehead), vécue comme qualité esthétique. Quels sont les facteurs constitutifs du sens? Élargissons la traditionnelle dualité sujet-objet à un complexe relationnel : nous pouvons ainsi percevoir des acteurs affectifs, perceptifs, humains et technologiques, dans un agencement qui se concrétise comme relationalité émergente. Tout événement est situé. Par conséquent, l’émergence du sens devient acte de co-création dans lequel participent les multiples facteurs qui conditionnent l’événement. Cette vision sort d’un anthropocentrisme pour concevoir l’événement lui-même comme sujet de ses propres expériences (Whitehead). De sorte que, tout comme chaque acte de communication, l’expérience des médias est aussi événement vécu. Ce dernier est incorporé par les dimensions du devenir-corps – la conscience-affective et la conscience-réflexive. Celles-ci sont si intimement interreliées qu’elles deviennent mutuellement inclusives dans l’expérience et totalement actives dans l’actualisation du sens.

Buying a sponsor’s brand : the role of affective commitment to the sponsored team

Sponsorship is increasingly important in a firm’s communication mix. Research to date has focused on the impact of sponsorship on brand awareness and its subsequent consequences for image congruency and consumer attitudes towards sponsors’ brands. A lesser studied area is the effect of sponsorship on consumers’ purchase intentions and behaviours. We argue that existing models of sponsorship driven purchase behaviour fail to account for affective commitment, which mediates relationship between affiliation with the team and social identification with the team. We propose a modified framework describing the effect of sponsorship on purchase intentions in the context of low and high performing sports teams. The framework is tested using structural equations modelling; employing PLS estimation and data collected via online survey of AFL chat room participants. Results confirm the role of affective commitment in sport sponsorship purchase intentions and indicate that team success has a significant influence on fans’ purchase behaviours.

Employee engagement : the development of a three dimensional model of engagement; and an exploration of its relationship with affective leader behaviours

This study was designed to examine affective leader behaviours, and their impact on cognitive, affective and behavioural engagement. Researchers (e.g., Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005; Moorman et al., 1998) have called for more research to be directed toward modelling and testing sets of relationships which better approximate the complexity associated with contemporary organisational experience. This research has attempted to do this by clarifying and defining the construct of engagement, and then by examining how each of the engagement dimensions are impacted by affective leader behaviours. Specifically, a model was tested that identifies leader behaviour antecedents of cognitive, affective and behavioural engagement. Data was collected from five public-sector organisations. Structural equation modelling was used to identify the relationships between the engagement dimensions and leader behaviours. The results suggested that affective leader behaviours had a substantial direct impact on cognitive engagement, which in turn influenced affective engagement, which then influenced intent to stay and extra-role performance. The results indicated a directional process for engagement, but particularly highlighted the significant impact of affective leader behaviours as an antecedent to engagement. In general terms, the findings will provide a platform from which to develop a robust measure of engagement, and will be helpful to human resource practitioners interested in understanding the directional process of engagement and the importance of affective leadership as an antecedent to engagement.

Radio and affective rhythm in the everyday

This article explores the role of radio sound in establishing what I term ‘affective rhythms’ in everyday life. Through exploring the affective qualities of radio sound and its capacity for mood generation in the home, this article explores personal affective states and personal organisation. The term affective rhythm relates both to mood, and to routine. It is the combination of both that allows the possibility of thinking about sound and affect, and how they relate to, and integrate with, routine everyday life. The notion of ‘affective rhythm’ forces us to consider the idea of mood in the light of the routine nature of everyday domestic life.

Buying a sponsor's brand : the role of affective commitment to the sponsored team

Sponsorship is increasingly important in a firm's communication mix. Research to date has focused on the impact of sponsorship on brand awareness and its subsequent consequences for image congruency and consumer attitudes towards sponsors' brands. A lesser studied area is the effect of sponsorship on consumers' purchase intentions and behaviours. We argue that existing models of sponsorship driven purchase behaviour fail to account for affective commitment, which mediates relationship between affiliation with the team and social identification with the team. We propose a modified framework describing the effect of sponsorship on purchase intentions in the context of low and high performing sports teams. The framework is tested using structural equations modelling; employing PLS estimation and data collected via online survey of AFL chat room participants. Results confirm the role of affective commitment in sport sponsorship purchase intentions and indicate that team success has a significant influence on fans' purchase behaviours.

Regular exercise participation mediates the affective response to acute bouts of vigorous exercise

Physical inactivity is a leading factor associated with cardiovascular disease and a major contributor to the global burden of disease in developed countries. Subjective mood states associated with acute exercise are likely to influence future exercise adherence and warrant further investigation. The present study examined the effects of a single bout of vigorous exercise on mood and anxiety between individuals with substantially different exercise participation histories. Mood and anxiety were assessed one day before an exercise test (baseline), 5 minutes before (pre-test) and again 10 and 25 minutes post-exercise. Participants were 31 university students (16 males, 15 females; Age M = 20), with 16 participants reporting a history of regular exercise with the remaining 15 reporting to not exercise regularly. Each participant completed an incremental exercise test on a Monark cycle ergometer to volitional exhaustion. Regular exercisers reported significant post-exercise improvements in mood and reductions in state anxiety. By contrast, non-regular exercisers reported an initial decline in post-exercise mood and increased anxiety, followed by an improvement in mood and reduction in anxiety back to pre-exercise levels. Our findings suggest that previous exercise participation mediates affective responses to acute bouts of vigorous exercise. We suggest that to maximise positive mood changes following exercise, practitioners should carefully consider the individual’s exercise participation history before prescribing new regimes.

Capturing affective experiences using the SMS experience sampling (SMS-ES) method

This paper reports the feasibility and methodological considerations of using the Short Message System Experience Sampling (SMS-ES) Method, which is an experience sampling research method developed to assist researchers to collect repeat measures of consumers’ affective experiences. The method combines SMS with web-based technology in a simple yet effective way. It is described using a practical implementation study that collected consumers’ emotions in response to using mobile phones in everyday situations. The method is further evaluated in terms of the quality of data collected in the study, as well as against the methodological considerations for experience sampling studies. These two evaluations suggest that the SMS-ES Method is both a valid and reliable approach for collecting consumers’ affective experiences. Moreover, the method can be applied across a range of for-profit and not-for-profit contexts where researchers want to capture repeated measures of consumers’ affective experiences occurring over a period of time. The benefits of the method are discussed to assist researchers who wish to apply the SMS-ES Method in their own research designs.

Butterpaper, sweat & tears : the affective dimension of engaging students during the architectural critique

Considering how dominant a feature of architectural education the critique has been, and continues to be, little has been written about the affective dimension of engaging students during this key final stage of the design or documentation process. For most students, the critique is unlike any previous educational or life experience that they have ever confronted, and the abrupt change in the instructor’s role, from tutor to judge, can be disconcerting at a time when the student is feeling their most vulnerable. The fact that the period immediately leading up to the critique habitually entails not only a focused and sustained effort, but also sleepless nights of intensive work, further exacerbates this. The purpose of this paper is to recognise the affective phenomena influencing student engagement, during the critique. The participants of this research were second to fourth year architecture students at a major Australian university. Following the implementation of trials in alternative modes of critique in architectural design and technology studios, qualitative data was obtained from students, through questionnaires and interviews. Six indicators of engagement were investigated through this research: motivation and agency, transactional engagement with staff, transactional engagement with students, institutional support, active citizenship, and non-institutional support. This research confirms that affective phenomena play a significant role in the events of the critique; the relationship between instructor and student influences student engagement, as does the choreography and spatial planning of the critique environment; and these factors ultimately have an impact on the depth of student learning.