Medición de condición física y consumo de oxigeno en prueba Test de Cooper en cadetes y oficiales de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José Maria Córdova

Durante el proceso de formación académica de los Cadetes que hacen parte de la Escuela Militar General José Maria Córdova de la ciudad de Bogotá, realizan actividades físico – deportivas diaria, lo cual les ayuda a mantener un buen estado físico. Posteriormente cuando se gradúan como Oficiales, la gran carga laboral desplaza el tiempo para llevar a cabo una rutina de ejercicio; pero aun así deben cumplir con la responsabilidad de mantener una buena condición física, la cual es evaluada como una más de sus competencias en el desarrollo de su profesión. Es por esta razón que se decide realizar el presente estudio para conocer la aptitud física del personal de Oficiales laboralmente activo y la de los cadetes que aún se encuentran en fase de formación para determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos, teniendo en cuenta que existe diferencias en su rutina de ejercicio.

Uma analise das alterações nas variáveis fisiológicas e aptidão física (teste da FIFA) e suas prováveis interferências no desempenho do arbitro durante a partida

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Tecnología muscular y Educación Física.

Metodizar el sistema que debe ser empleado por todo educador físico a lo largo de un curso escolar. Adentrarse en las técnicas que permitan al educador la adecuada actuación con el alumno-hombre, mediante el dominio de lo que es el funcionamiento correcto de la máquina muscular. Analizar las distintas fases en que debe ser descompuesto todo curso académico, en orden a propiciar una mejor práctica ejercitativa, que permita un mejor adiestramiento físico del alumno. Desarrollar un plan tipo de Educación Física para los alumnos de BUP y Formación Profesional. Alumnos de BUP y Formación Profesional de las Universidades Laborales de Córdoba y Sevilla. Al comienzo del curso escolar se les explica a los alumnos el método de trabajo. Se realizan distintas pruebas de valoración, consistentes en el desarrollo de distintos ejercicios físicos, que son reflejadas por el profesor en las fichas de clase. A la terminación de los ciclos ejercitativos correspondientes se vuelven a realizar distintos tests, para deducir los resultados a final de curso. Test de Ruffier; test de Cooper. Moda; desviación típica; análisis de varianza. Se muestran a través de tablas estadísticas. En los muestreos realizados se aprecian mejoras obtenidas a lo largo del curso escolar, en velocidad, lanzada, 1000 metros lisos, trabajo de fuerza. Obtenidas las marcas y distancias por los alumnos a la iniciación del curso, cuando éstos se incorporan al centro, se constata la progresión conseguida en las diferentes pruebas a la terminación del ciclo correspondiente.

Comparação entre métodos invasivos e não invasivo de determinação da capacidade aeróbia em futebolistas profissionais

O Limiar Anaeróbio (Lan) pode ser determinado por protocolos que utilizam concentrações fixas de lactato sanguíneo como o OBLA (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation) e os que utilizam procedimentos mais individualizados, como o Lactato Mínimo (Lacmin). Independente do método, a mensuração da capacidade aeróbia através do Lan nesses casos exige a utilização de equipamentos sofisticados, além do elevado custo por atleta, o que torna sua aplicação limitada. Como alternativa, um dos testes não invasivos mais empregados no meio esportivo é o de 12 minutos proposto por Cooper. O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi comparar a intensidade de exercício obtida pelo teste de 12min com as intensidades correspondentes ao Lan obtido pelo protocolo adaptado ao de Tegtbur et al. (1993) (Lac minat) e pelo OBLA em futebolistas profissionais. Para tanto participaram 16 atletas pertencentes a uma equipe profissional filiada à série A3 do futebol paulista. Cada atleta foi avaliado nos três protocolos, com intervalo mínimo de 48 e máximo de 72 horas. Os resultados mostraram diferença (p < 0,05) entre as velocidades (km.h-1) obtidas pelo teste de Cooper (15,09 ± 0,94) e OBLA (14,28 ± 1,02); entretanto, esses testes apresentaram correlação significativa. Cooper e OBLA não apresentaram correlação com o Lac minat, mas as velocidades foram similares com esse protocolo. Dessa maneira, a partir da análise de regressão entre os valores de Cooper e OBLA foi possível determinar uma equação de correção que permita, através do teste de Cooper, a obtenção da intensidade correspondente ao Lan determinado pelo OBLA em futebolistas profissionais.

Extensive multiple test centre evaluation of the VecTest malaria antigen panel assay

To determine which species and populations of Anopheles transmit malaria in any given situation, immunological assays for malaria sporozoite antigen can replace traditional microscopical examination of freshly dissected Anopheles. We developed a wicking assay for use with mosquitoes that identifies the presence or absence of specific peptide epitopes of circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum and two strains of Plasmodium vivax (variants 210 and 247). The resulting assay (VecTest(TM) Malaria) is a rapid, one-step procedure using a 'dipstick' test strip capable of detecting and distinguishing between P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in mosquitoes. The objective of the present study was to test the efficacy, sensitivity, stability and field-user acceptability of this wicking dipstick assay. In collaboration with 16 test centres world-wide, we evaluated more than 40 000 units of this assay, comparing it to the standard CS ELISA. The 'VecTest(TM) Malaria' was found to show 92% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity, with 97.8% accuracy overall. In accelerated storage tests, the dipsticks remained stable for >15 weeks in dry conditions up to 45degreesC and in humid conditions up to 37degreesC. Evidently, this quick and easy dipstick test performs at an acceptable level of reliability and offers practical advantages for field workers needing to make rapid surveys of malaria vectors.

Evaluation of a direct immunofluorescent antibody (difma) test using Leishmania genus - specific monoclonal antibody in the routine diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis

A direct immunofluorescent antibody (DIFMA) test using a Leishmania genus- specific monoclonal antibody was evaluated in the routine diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ecuador. This test was compared with the standard diagnostic techniques of scrapings, culture and histology. Diagnostic samples were taken from a total of 90 active dermal ulcers from patients from areas of Ecuador known to be endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis. DIFMA was positive in all lesions. It was shown to be significantly superior to standard diagnostic methods either alone or in combination. The sensitivity of DIFMA did not diminish with chronicity of lesions. This test proved to be extremely useful in the routine diagnosis of CL because it is highly sensitive, is easy to use and produces rapid results.

Evaluación madurativa y emocional de sujetos repetidores mediante el test del dibujo del animal y el autoconcepto.

Evaluar el proceso madurativo-mental así como las características de personalidad de los sujetos repetidores de 7 a 14 años, y establecer la relación de ambos estudios con el concepto de sí mismo. Analizar y estudiar las diferencias que puedan darse en el desarrollo madurativo, emocional y autoconcepto con la muestra de sujetos no repetidores. Plantea 9 hipótesis. Muestreo aleatorio: 464 sujetos tomando como base los datos que publica el Centro de Estadística del Gobierno Vasco sobre la población escolar de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca referidos al curso académico 84-85. Investigación básicamente descriptiva y parcialmente correlacional en la que se trabaja con dos grupos de sujetos: repetidores y no repetidores en base a los objetivos fundamentales planteados: estudio descriptivo de la muestra. Estudio comparativo entre los sujetos repetidores y no repetidores en cuanto a las variables madurativas y emocionales del dibujo, y el autoconcepto general y académico, y estudio correlacional de las variables del dibujo y de las variables autoconcepto. El diseño de la investigación es entre sujetos a la vez que intra-sujetos. Variables principales: fracaso escolar. Variables del dibujo: desarrollo madurativo, desarrollo emocional: formales-expresivas e indicadores emocionales. Variables de autoconcepto: autoconcepto general, autoconcepto académico. Variables controladas: variables criterio para el establecimiento de submuestras. Variables situacionales. Variables de tarea; forma de aplicación. Variables no controladas: lugar de nacimiento, provincia, tipo de centro, etc. Test del dibujo del animal sobre el original de Schwartz y Rosemberg (1955) revisado por Levy-Levy-Hammer (1978) tercera edición y estandarizados por Maganto, Carmen (1986). Cuestionarios de autoconcepto: autoconcepto general Self Esteem Inventary (SEI) de Stanley Cooper Smith y autoconcepto académico: escala Self-Concept of Ability General desarrollada por Lbrooker y otros, 1967. Análisis estadísticos mediante SPSS-PC. Y los subprogramas: Frequencies, Crosstabs, T-Test, Oneway, ANOVA. Se confirma la hipótesis de la no existencia de diferencias respecto al curso entre sujetos repetidores y no repetidores. Igualmente, la existencia de diferencias en los ítems del desarrollo madurativo entre sujetos repetidores y no repetidores con respecto a la edad. Asimismo, los repetidores presentan características de personalidad que los diferencia de los no repetidores. El test del dibujo del animal permite analizar la madurez mental y el ajuste emocional en un mismo sujeto, obteniendo en cada uno de estos aspectos resultados positivos o negativos. El hecho de repetir curso contamina negativamente el nivel de autoconcepto académico. Existe relación entre el autoconcepto general y las variables formales del dibujo: identificable, trazo y tamaño en los sujetos repetidores y no repetidores.

U.S. Citizenship : Test with DVD.

McGraw Hill´s U.S. es un programa de preparación de ciudadanos completamente actualizado que asegura el éxito en los estudios. Con variedad de actividades y un dvd interactivo, es ideal para el auto estudio. El DVD también prepara para las entrevistas y existen 100 preguntas sobre historia y gobierno. El libro está formado por doce partes que incluye ejercicios y tests sobre pasos para la ciudadanía, colonias del nuevo mundo, el desarrollo de una nueva nación, la guerra civil y la expansión, historia reciente de los EEUU, la constitución, datos sobre como está formado el gobierno y geografía de los EEUU.

Performance of CMS hadron calorimeter timing and synchronization using test beam, cosmic ray, and LHC beam data

This paper discusses the design and performance of the time measurement technique and of the synchronization systems of the CMS hadron calorimeter. Time measurement performance results are presented from test beam data taken in the years 2004 and 2006. For hadronic showers of energy greater than 100 GeV, the timing resolution is measured to be about 1.2 ns. Time synchronization and out-of-time background rejection results are presented from the Cosmic Run At Four Tesla and LHC beam runs taken in the Autumn of 2008. The inter-channel synchronization is measured to be within 2 ns. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Current patch test results with the European baseline series and extensions to it from the 'European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy' network, 2007-2008

The pattern of contact sensitization to the supposedly most important allergens assembled in the baseline series differs between countries, presumably at least partly because of exposure differences. Objectives. To describe the prevalence of contact sensitization to allergens tested in consecutive patients in the years 2007 and 2008, and to discuss possible differences.

Basistests Suisse Sport Test Konzept: Validierung einer sportmotorischen Basistestbatterie für den Schul- und Nachwuchssport

Physical fitness can be evaluated in competitive and school sports with different field tests under different conditions and goals. To produce valid results, a field test must be practical and reach high standards of test criteria (objectivity, reliability, validity). The purpose of this study was to investigate the test criteria and the practicability of a group of field tests called «SUISSE Sport Test Konzept Basis Feldtestbatterie». For 20-m sprint, ventral trunk muscle test, standing long jump, 2-kg medicine ball shot, obstacle course and cooper-test, test quality and practicability were evaluated. 221 children and adolescents from competitive sports and different school levels took part in the study. According to school level, they were divided into 3 groups (P: 7–11.5 y, S1: 11.6–15.5 y, S2: 15.6–21.8 y). Objectivity was tested for time or distance measurement in all tests as well as for error rating in obstacle test. For reliability measurement, 162 subjects performed the field tests twice within a few weeks. For validity results of standing long jump were compared with counter movement jump performance on a force plate. Correlation analysis was performed and level of significance was set for p < 0.05. For accuracy standard error was calculated. All tests achieved sufficient to excellent objectiv - ity with correlation-coefficient (r) lying between 0.85 and 0.99. Reliability was very good (r = 0.84–0.97). In cooper- and trunk test, reliability was higher for athletes than for pupils (trunk test: r = 0.95 vs. r = 0.62, cooper-test: r = 0.90 vs. r = 0.78). In those tests the reliability decreases with increasing age (cooper-test: P: r = 0.84, S1: r = 0.69, S2: r = 0.52; trunk-test: P: r = 0.69, S1: r = 0.71; S2: r = 0.39). Validity for standing long jump was good (r = 0.75–0.86). The standard error of the mean was between 4–8%, with the exception for cooper-test (athletes: 6%, pupils: 11%) and trunk test (athletes: 14%, pupils: 46%). The results show that the evaluated group of field tests is a practicable, objective and reliable tool to determine physical skills in young athletes as well as in a scholar setting over a broad age range. Most of the tests achieved the test criteria with the grades good to excellent. The lower coefficient of reliability for cooper- and trunk test by the pupils could be explained by motivational problems in this setting. For up to 20 subjects, a tester can accomplish the tests within 3 h. Finally, age-dependent grades were elaborated

Normative reference values for the 20-meter shuttlerun test in a population-based sample of schoolchildren in Bogota, Colombia: The FUPRECOL Study

Our aim was to determine the normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to establish the proportion of subjects with low CRF suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk.

Adapting The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test To Diagnose Parkinson's Disease In Estonia.

The aim of the study was to develop a culturally adapted translation of the 12-item smell identification test from Sniffin' Sticks (SS-12) for the Estonian population in order to help diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). A standard translation of the SS-12 was created and 150 healthy Estonians were questioned about the smells used as response options in the test. Unfamiliar smells were replaced by culturally familiar options. The adapted SS-12 was applied to 70 controls in all age groups, and thereafter to 50 PD patients and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. 14 response options from 48 used in the SS-12 were replaced with familiar smells in an adapted version, in which the mean rate of correct response was 87% (range 73-99) compared to 83% with the literal translation (range 50-98). In PD patients, the average adapted SS-12 score (5.4/12) was significantly lower than in controls (average score 8.9/12), p < 0.0001. A multiple linear regression using the score in the SS-12 as the outcome measure showed that diagnosis and age independently influenced the result of the SS-12. A logistic regression using the SS-12 and age as covariates showed that the SS-12 (but not age) correctly classified 79.0% of subjects into the PD and control category, using a cut-off of <7 gave a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 86% for the diagnosis of PD. The developed SS-12 cultural adaption is appropriate for testing olfaction in Estonia for the purpose of PD diagnosis.

Effect Of Exercise Test On Pulmonary Function Of Obese Adolescents.

to investigate the pulmonary response to exercise of non-morbidly obese adolescents, considering the gender. a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 92 adolescents (47 obese and 45 eutrophic), divided in four groups according to obesity and gender. Anthropometric parameters, pulmonary function (spirometry and oxygen saturation [SatO2]), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), and respiratory muscle strength were measured. Pulmonary function parameters were measured before, during, and after the exercise test. BP and HR were higher in obese individuals during the exercise test (p = 0.0001). SatO2 values decreased during exercise in obese adolescents (p = 0.0001). Obese males had higher levels of maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (p = 0.0002) when compared to obese and eutrophic females. Obese males showed lower values of maximum voluntary ventilation, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in the first second when compared to eutrophic males, before and after exercise (p = 0.0005). Obese females had greater inspiratory capacity compared to eutrophic females (p = 0.0001). Expiratory reserve volume was lower in obese subjects when compared to controls (p ≤ 0,05). obese adolescents presented changes in pulmonary function at rest and these changes remained present during exercise. The spirometric and cardiorespiratory values were different in the four study groups. The present data demonstrated that, in spite of differences in lung growth, the model of fat distribution alters pulmonary function differently in obese female and male adolescents.

The Lea Grating Test In Assessing Detection Grating Acuity In Normal Infants Less Than 4 Months Of Age.

To assess binocular detection grating acuity using the LEA GRATINGS test to establish age-related norms in healthy infants during their first 3 months of life. In this prospective, longitudinal study of healthy infants with clear red reflex at birth, responses to gratings were measured at 1, 2, and 3 months of age using LEA gratings at a distance of 28 cm. The results were recorded as detection grating acuity values, which were arranged in frequency tables and converted to a one-octave scale for statistical analysis. For the repeated measurements, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the detection grating acuity results between ages. A total of 133 infants were included. The binocular responses to gratings showed development toward higher mean values and spatial frequencies, ranging from 0.55 ± 0.70 cycles per degree (cpd), or 1.74 ± 0.21 logMAR, in month 1 to 3.11 ± 0.54 cpd, or 0.98 ± 0.16 logMAR, in month 3. Repeated ANOVA indicated differences among grating acuity values in the three age groups. The LEA GRATINGS test allowed assessment of detection grating acuity and its development in a cohort of healthy infants during their first 3 months of life.