1000 resultados para Taxonomia Solo
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ensino de Matemática no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Secundário
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Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação, especialidade Educação Matemática na Educação Pré-Escolar e nos 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico
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Este estudo objetivou construir uma proposta pedagógica com alunos de nível fundamental na comunidade de São Miguel, Esperança (PB). Procurou-se despertar o interesse dos estudantes para a importância do solo em suas vidas, bem como adequar a terminologia usada na pedologia à linguagem cotidiana dos alunos. Seguiu-se como método a abordagem paulofreireana na qual se considera que o contexto da escola extrapola o da sala de aula, devendo envolver o máximo de pessoas da comunidade. Assim, procurou-se levantar informações quanto à renda familiar, moradia, número de irmãos e irmãs, atividade principal do responsável pela família, etc. Deste levantamento, extraiu-se, também, o vocabulário mínimo, com palavras e expressões geradoras que sintetizam o universo de conhecimento em São Miguel. Os resultados denotaram a dureza do cotidiano e uma educação repressiva diante da indomabilidade dos filhos. Observou-se que elementos pedagógicos presentes no vocabulário mínimo podem facilitar a popularização do saber pedológico no ensino fundamental. O vocabulário mínimo promoveu uma melhor comunicação durante as aulas entre educadores e educandos, bem como permitiu a construção de conceitos para as ordens de solos mais representativas da região: Neossolos e Argissolos. A construção de monólitos de solos constituiu importante recurso auxiliar nas aulas expositivas e dialógicas, despertando nas crianças maior interesse para o tema solo e meio ambiente.
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Considerando as dimensões da região amazônica e a necessidade de estudos que estabeleçam conexões entre os solos e a expressão da paisagem, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as relações solo-paisagem em uma topossequência sobre substrato granítico em Santo Antônio do Matupi, Manicoré, AM. Foi estabelecido um caminhamento de 3.000 m a partir do "espigão" da vertente, no seu sentido mais suave, com identificação dos segmentos da vertente com base na "quebra" do declive do terreno. Foram abertas trincheiras nos segmentos de vertente mapeados, e perfis foram caracterizados morfologicamente, coletando-se amostras de seus horizontes. Foram realizadas análises físicas (textura, ADA e GF, Ds e Dp, Pt e CHSS), químicas (pH em água e KCl, Ca, Mg, K, Na e Al trocáveis, P disponível, H + Al e C orgânico; SiO2, Al2O3 e Fe2O3 (método do H2SO4) e óxidos de Fe "livres" extraído com ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato e o Fe mal cristalizado extraído com oxalato de amônio) e mineralógicas (frações areia, silte e argila), usando difratometria de raios X. As variações do relevo favoreceram a presença de solos distróficos nos topos e solos eutróficos no sopé de transporte. As variáveis ΔpH, relação silte/argila, V % e relação Fed/Fet indicaram a presença de solos mais intemperizados nas áreas de topo da paisagem e solos com menor grau de evolução na encosta e no sopé de transporte. A composição mineralógica da fração argila mostrou-se relativamente homogênea, com predominância de caulinita e gibbsita e menor proporção de mica e quartzo.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Gaseous mercury sampling conditions were optimized and a dynamic flux chamber was used to measure the air/surface exchange of mercury in some areas of the Negro river basin with different vegetal coverings. At the two forest sites (flooding and non-flooding), low mercury fluxes were observed: maximum of 3 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and minimum of -1 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. At the deforested site, the mercury fluxes were higher and always positive: maximum of 26 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and 17 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. Our results showed that deforestation could be responsible for significantly increasing soil Hg emissions, mainly because of the high soil temperatures reached at deforested sites.
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The objectives of this work was to estimate the number of soil subsamples considering the classical statistics and geostatistics and determine the spatial variability of soil fertility attributes of an Ultisol, with clay texture, in an area of regenerating natural vegetation in Alegre - ES. Soil samples were collected in a depth of 0.0-0.2 m, at the crossing points of a regular grid, comprising a total of 64 points located at 10 m-intervals. The area presented low fertility soil. Considering a variation of 5% around the mean in the classic statistics, it is necessary a larger number of samples in relation to geostatistics. All the chemical attributes showed moderate to high spatial dependence, except for the effective cation exchange capacity (CECe), which showed pure nugget effect. The spherical semivariogram model gave the best fit to the data. Isoline maps allowed visualizing the differentiated spatial distribution of the contents of soil chemical attributes.
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This work was done with the objective of studying some physical and mechanical characteristics of the sugarcane bagasse ash added to a soil-cement mixture, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The sugarcane bagasse ash pre-treatment included both sieving and grinding, before mixing with soil and cement. Different proportions of cement-ash were tested by determining its standard consistence and its compressive resistance at 7 and 28 days age. The various treatments were subsequently applied to the specimens molded with different soil-cement-ash mixtures which in turns were submitted to compaction, unconfined compression and water absorption laboratory tests. The results showed that it is possible to replace up to 20% of Portland cement by sugarcane bagasse ash without any damage to the mixture's compressive strength.
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The physical model was based on the method of Newton-Euler. The model was developed by using the scientific computer program Mathematica®. Several simulations where tried varying the progress speeds (0.69; 1.12; 1.48; 1.82 and 2.12 m s-1); soil profiles (sinoidal, ascending and descending ramp) and height of the profile (0.025 and 0.05 m) to obtain the normal force of soil reaction. After the initial simulations, the mechanism was optimized using the scientific computer program Matlab® having as criterion (function-objective) the minimization of the normal force of reaction of the profile (FN). The project variables were the lengths of the bars (L1y, L2, l3 and L4), height of the operation (L7), the initial length of the spring (Lmo) and the elastic constant of the spring (k t). The lack of robustness of the mechanism in relation to the variable height of the operation was outlined by using a spring with low rigidity and large length. The results demonstrated that the mechanism optimized showed better flotation performance in relation to the initial mechanism.
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The covering of the soil is an agricultural practice that intends to control the harmful herbs, to reduce the losses of water by evaporation of the soil, and to facilitate the harvest and the commercialization, once the product is cleaner and healthier. However, when the soil is covered important microclimatic parameters are also altered, and consequently the germination of seeds, the growth of roots, the absorption of water and nutrients, the metabolic activity of the plants and the carbohydrates storage. The current trial intended to evaluate the effect of soil covering with blue colored film on consumptive water-use in a lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa, L.). The experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse in Araras - São Paulo State, Brazil from March 3rd, 2001 to May 5th, 2001. The consumptive water-use was measured through two weighing lysimeter installed inside the greenhouse. Crop spacing was 0.25 m x 0.25 m and the color of the film above soil was blue. Leaf area index (IAF), was measured six times (7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 40 days after transplant) and the water-use efficiency (EU) was measured at the end. The experimental design was subdivided portions with two treatments, bare soil and covered soil. The average consumptive water-use was 4.17 mm day-1 to the bare soil treatment and 3.11 mm day-1 to the covered soil treatment. The final leaf area index was 25.23 to the bare soil treatment and 24.39 to the covered soil treatment, and there was no statistical difference between then.
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The main objective of this work is the study of the effect of rice husk addition on the physical and mechanical properties of soil-cement, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The rice husk preparation consisted of grinding, sieving, and the pre-treatment with lime solution. The physical characteristics of the soil and of the rice husk were determined. Different amounts of soil, cement and rice husk were tested by compaction and unconfined compression. The specimens molded according to the treatments applied to the mixtures were subsequently submitted to compression testing and to tensile splitting cylinder testing at 7 and 28 days of age and to water absorption testing. After determining its physical and mechanical characteristics, the best results were obtained for the soil + 12% (cement + rice husk) mixture. The results showed a promising use as an alternative construction material.