1000 resultados para Técnica cerámica


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Entre 1950 y 1990, la fabricación seriada de cerámica mendocina era de consumo popular. Su producción era artesanal y semi-industrial fabricándose, mayormente, objetos de adorno. Muchos establecimientos incorporaban algunos utilitarios relacionados a la vajilla; aproximadamente el 40% hacía juegos de té y café; pero sólo un pequeño porcentaje se dedicaba principalmente a la fabricación de vajilla, con una producción más completa. Luego del relevamiento de las piezas y a partir de la reconstrucción del contexto, se realizó un análisis formal, funcional y tecnológico, detectándose dos tendencias en cuanto al aspecto formal y diseño utilizado.

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The ceramic shell is a material mainly used for making foundry molds. This research demonstrates that ceramic shell can be used for making sculptures with exceptional definition in its finish. The research has identified a number of advantages of the material to meet the challenges of an artist during the making of a sculpture. The research has been developed in six stages: In the first stage data were collected from the chaff as the process material. This was the starting point for research. In the second stage, we have set the appropriate composition of the slurry, both in percentage and type of binder, and firing curve. To this end, we evaluated the application characteristics, thickness, drying, mechanical strength, the reduction coefficient and porosity. In the third stage it was observed that the husk is suitable for all types of materials acting as support. It was also found that the slurry can be used with various sculptural processes: modeling, molding using silicone or plaster mold, shuttering, with internal metal frame, and so on. In addition, we have established methods to repair and modify the husk by hand and power tools. In the fourth stage we have found ways to modify the surface of the husk with other minerals that affect the structure: introduction of filing of copper, bronze and iron in the slurry ceramics, different staining procedure in hot or cold, by enamel slip, and so on. In the fifth stage sculptures were made using the methods established in the previous stages, to verify this hypothesis. The sixth stage, which is annexed, contains a new method to process the ceramic shell as a mold in casting that emerged from the proven methods in the investigation.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Ambiental) UANL

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[Tesis] (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Cerámica) U.A.N.L.

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Resumen tomado de la publicación

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Este material pretende acercar al alumnado al mundo de la arqueología mediante un cuaderno del profesor, un cuaderno del alumno y 40 fragmentos cerámicos del pretalayótico, el talayótico, romanos, púnicos, medievales tanto de época cristiana como musulmana, y modernos que sirven para hacer una práctica de observación y descripción. La intención es acercarse a la arqueología como técnica auxiliar de la historia capaz de proporcionar información cuando no hay o fallan las fuentes escritas. Se parte de la idea que el alumnado de eso debe ser capaz de observar, deducir y extraer conclusiones aunque sólo sea de manera hipotética.

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Proyecto de creación de un taller de cerámica dirigido al alumnado del ciclo medio de EGB. Los objetivos son: conocer la cerámica de las distintas regiones; desarrollar la técnica y los recursos básicos para expresarse a través del barro; despertar la creatividad y la sensibilidad estética y dibujar y plantear proyectos en barro. Las actividades realizadas en el taller son: preparación del barro; elaboración de cerámica a mano y con herramientas; estudio y realización de asas, tapaderas, figuras humanas o animales y preparación de moldes. La evaluación continua de las actividades realizadas por cada alumno valora la creatividad, iniciativa, utilización correcta de los materiales y la belleza de la composición..

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Los objetivos son desarrollar la creatividad y habilidad manual en el profesorado; potenciar el desarrollo del niño en sus aspectos físico, psíquico y relacional; desarrollar la capacidad de utilizar adecuadamente los materiales y útiles de trabajo; integrar la cultura hispanoamericana, magrebí, gitana y rumana del centro; y consolidar la cerámica como medio interdisciplinar. Se trabaja el aprendizaje activo para dotar al alumno de autonomía en la ejecución de cuadros y medallones que se colorean y cuecen, animales, pisapapeles, caretas, cuencos y figuras que se exponen en mercadillos o se realizan para el día del padre, de la madre o de la Paz. En educación infantil y primer ciclo de Primaria se utiliza la técnica de la plancha y en el segundo ciclo, la de churros. Con la evaluación se valora la estructura y el desarrollo de la actividad y la utilidad del curso realizado por el profesorado.

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El proyecto surge de la necesidad que tiene el taller de cerámica de ser dotado de recursos para poder desarrollar los trabajos de forma íntegra: horno para cocción de las piezas. Los objetivos generales son: experimentar y utilizar diversas técnicas que impliquen procesos de trabajo distintos; analizar la forma y proporción de un objeto en sí mismo y en relación con otros, y desarrollar la imaginación constructiva. Las actividades están adaptadas a cada ciclo. En el ciclo inicial se hace modelado libre de arcilla y pintura con témpera; en el ciclo medio, modelado con la técnica del 'churro', vaciado y decoración con objetos punzantes, y en el ciclo superior modelado con torno y esmalte de piezas. La experiencia se evalúa con la celebración de una exposición en la que se exhiben los trabajos de los alumnos.

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En el proyecto educativo globalizado realizado por la profesora coordinadora del CP Contraparada se trabaja de forma globalizada las áreas de plástica y tecnología pretendiendo consolidar el concepto de volumen, el desarrollo de la capacidad espacial y de técnica de habilidad manual que fomenten la coordinación y el gusto por lo artesanal. Se preparará el local destinado a taller, se dispusieron los materiales y se entrenó en las técnicas de modelado a bulto, texturaciones y expresividad de la superficie, bruñido, esgrafiado, raspado, arañado, incisión, vaciado y decoración. Además se realizaron relieves, murales y serigrafías programando y adaptando esta técnica para la educación infantil, los tres ciclos de primaria y el primer ciclo de ESO. Evaluación cualitativa de la experiencia.

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Este trabalho consiste em um estudo de caracterização e viabilidade econômica, para implantação de uma linha de processo, para beneficiar uma jazida de nefelina-sienito. Esta jazida pertence à Mineração e Pesquisa Brasileira Ltda e está localizada no Domo Alcalino do Planalto Lageano, no Estado de Santa Catarina. Nefelina-sienito é uma rocha ígnea de origem plutônica, com ausência de quartzo livre, constituída por minerais félsicos que são os feldspatos e feldspatóides e máficos, que são o piroxênio e anfibólio, associados a minerais acessórios como zircão, apatita, titanita e minerais opacos. Sua principal utilização é como fundente para a indústria cerâmica e vidreira. Este insumo concorre com o Feldspato neste segmento, com vantagens intrínsecas, como teor mais elevado de álcalis (Na2O+K2O), homogeneidade da jazida, além da proximidade do centro consumidor. Por outro lado, apresenta uma grande desvantagem que limita sua utilização na indústria cerâmica, e praticamente exclui seu emprego para o porcelanato e esmalte, que é a interferência na cor do produto final, reflexo do elevado teor de ferro. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter um produto que sirva de insumo (matériaprima) fundente à indústria cerâmica, especificamente na linha de revestimentos nobres, para a fabricação de um piso cerâmico de alto valor agregado, denominado grêsporcelanato Para atingir este objetivo, definiu-se as etapas e ensaios a serem realizados para extrair os minerais máficos (cromóforos), ou seja, aqueles com ferro presente em sua estrutura, e com isto enquadrar o produto dentro dos padrões exigidos pela indústria cerâmica. Inicialmente realizou-se uma caracterização mineralógica da nefelina-sienito, identificando suas características estruturais e texturais e seus minerais constituintes, diferenciando os máficos dos félsicos, estudando suas características físicas, químicas e morfológicas. Posteriormente, efetuou-se a caracterização tecnológica avaliando o grau de liberação destes minerais e, por fim, ensaios de beneficiamento, utilizando-se as técnicas de flotação e separação magnética a seco e a úmido, avaliando suas performances e definindo a rota de processo mais indicada.Elaborou-se um fluxograma de processo específico para esta linha de produção considerando os equipamentos que a empresa já possui, buscando reduzir o custo de implantação. Definida a linha de processo e os equipamentos necessários para sua implantação, avaliou-se os investimentos e custos envolvidos para duas escalas de produção. Por fim elaborou-se um fluxo de caixa para avaliar a viabilidade econômica do projeto. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram a viabilidade técnica e econômica para implantação desta nova linha de processo.

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The WTP produce many kinds of residue on your treatment stages, but the sludge is the more problematic from the final disposition point view. The actual rate of residue production deriving from technological evolution and the crescent population needs prevents the subtle equilibrium generation between consumption and recycling/reuse, creating problems of pollution resulting from inappropriate management of residues. Thus, is necessary achieve a new equilibrium between the grow from raw materials and energy and the residue generation. This equilibrium should be achieved by technical and economic feasibility of environmental supported models through recycling and reuse. The red ceramic industry stand out in residue absorption question as raw material due their clay mass heterogeneity, constituted by clay minerals and non-clay minerals with wide mineralogical variation, allowing residue inclusion which act like plastic or non-plastic materials, contributing to retain heavy metals contained in residues in the vitreous mass formed during the burning of the ceramic bodies. This work propose the study of the influence of incorporation of 25 wt.% sludge from wastewater treatment plant, according preliminary results, in the mass to produce ceramic bodies. The raw materials was characterized through chemical composition analyses by XRF, mineralogical analyses by XRD, thermal analyses by TG and DTA, Atterberg limits and thermodilatometry. Subsequently was composed the mass with 75 wt.% of clay and 25 wt.% of dried wastewater sludge from UFRN WWTP. Samples with 6,0 x 2,0 x 0,5 cm was produced with unidirectional compacting under pressure of 20MPa and burned in temperatures between 950 and 1,200ºC. After fired, the ceramic bodies have been submitted to physical and mechanical analyses through the measure of firing shrinkage, water absorption, density, apparent porosity and flexural strength; crystallographic analyses through XRD and microstructure analyses by SEM. The technological properties obtained was satisfactory to production of roof tiles with 25 wt.% at 1,200 ºC, but the production of others products at lower temperatures was not feasible

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The red ceramics and structural ceramics, as they are known, include ceramic materials made by blocks of seals and structures, bricks, tiles, smail flagstones manacles, rustic floors and ornamental materials. Their fabrication uses raw material such as clay and clay sites, with some content of impurity. It has good durability and mechanical strength to compression, low cost, making it one of the mainly used materials in civil engineering. The incorporation of many industrial activities residue to ceramic products is a technological alternative for reducing the environmental impact caused by its carefree disposal. This incorporation can promote chemical change and inertness of metals from residue, by fixation in the glassy phase of ceramic during the burning stage. The main aim of this project is to study the technical feasibility of the addition of ceramic oven ash into formulations of mass for structural ceramics. In this project two kinds of clay (plastic and non-plastic) were used, as well as the ash from firewood used in the process of burning of structural ceramics. A group of experiments was outlined, which permitted the evaluation of the influence of the burning cycle in different temperatures of the ash content in formulations for ceramic blocks through technological properties, mechanical behavior and microstructure. Five samples were processed of each one of the masses of plastic and non-plastic clay without addition of ash and with addition of ash on the percentages of 10 % and 20 %, for temperatures of 850 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C and 1150 °C, obtained through sinterization process. Among the studied compositions, the one which presented best performance was the mass of clay with 10 % of ash, at temperature of 1150 °C, with the smallest absorption of water, the smallest apparent porosity, specific apparent mass a bit over the others and greatest mechanical resistance to flexion. The composition made confirmed the technical feasibility of the use of ash in the mass for structural ceramics with maintenance of its necessary characteristics for its purposes

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In recent decades, ceramic products have become indispensable to the technological development of humanity, occupying important positions in scientific production and consequently in industrial production. One area of the economy that continues to absorb large amounts of the products of this sector is Construction. Among the branches of the ceramic industry, there are the red ceramic industry which is traditionally the basis of that economic sector. Among the reasons for which the red ceramic industry became popular in the country, and specifically in Rio Grande do Norte, is the abundance of this raw material, easily found throughout the national territory. However, it appears that the red ceramic industry has deficiencies in technology and skilled labor, resulting in the production of ceramic goods with low added value. Among the factors that determine the quality of the ceramic products red has the proper formulation of the ceramic mass, the conformation and the firing temperature. Thus, the overall goal of this work is to study the mineralogical and technological properties, two clays from the region of the Wasteland Potiguar industrial ceramist. Therefore, the raw materials were characterized by analysis of Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size analysis (FA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM ), plasticity index (PI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The technological properties of the material were analyzed by water absorption tests (AA%) porosity (% PA), the linear shrinkage (RT%), apparent density (MEA), loss on ignition (PF%) and flexural strength three points (TRF)