Sovereignty, Article 4(2) TEU and the Respect of National Identities: Swinging the Balance of Power in Favour of the Member States?

The question of whether and to what extent sovereignty has been transferred to the European Union (EU) from its Member States remains a central debate within the EU and is interlinked with issues such as Kompetenz-Kompetenz, direct effect and primacy. Central to any claim to sovereignty is the principle of primacy, which requires that Member States uphold EU law over national law where there is a conflict. However, limitations to primacy can traditionally be found in national jurisprudence and the Maastricht Treaty introduced a possible EU limitation with the requirement that the EU respect national identities of Member States. The Lisbon Treaty provided only minimal further support to the principle of primacy whilst simultaneously developing the provision on national identities, now found within Article 4(2) TEU. There are indications from the literature, national constitutional courts and the Court of Justice of the EU that the provision is gathering strength as a legal tool and is likely to have a wider scope than the text might indicate. In its new role, Article 4(2) TEU bolsters the Member States’ claim to sovereignty and the possibility to uphold aspects crucial to them in conflict with EU law and the principle of primacy. Consequently, it is central to the relationship between the constitutional courts of the Member States and the CJEU, and where the final elements of control remain in ‘hard cases’. However, it does so as part of EU law, thereby facilitating the evasion of direct fundamental conflicts and reflecting the concept of constitutional pluralism.

Adaptive tackling of the swinging problem for a 2 DOF crane – payload system

The control of a crane carrying its payload by an elastic string corresponds to a task in which precise, indirect control of a subsystem dynamically coupled to a directly controllable subsystem is needed. This task is interesting since the coupled degree of freedom has little damping and it is apt to keep swinging accordingly. The traditional approaches apply the input shaping technology to assist the human operator responsible for the manipulation task. In the present paper a novel adaptive approach applying fixed point transformations based iterations having local basin of attraction is proposed to simultaneously tackle the problems originating from the imprecise dynamic model available for the system to be controlled and the swinging problem, too. The most important phenomenological properties of this approach are also discussed. The control considers the 4th time-derivative of the trajectory of the payload. The operation of the proposed control is illustrated via simulation results.

Representations of swinging London in 1960s British cinema : Blowup (1966), Smashing Time (1967), and Performance (1970)

This thesis explores the representation of Swinging London in three examples of 1960s British cinema: Blowup (Michelangelo Antonioni, 1966), Smashing Time (Desmond Davis, 1967) and Performance (Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg, 1970). It suggests that the films chronologically signify the evolution, commodification and dissolution of the Swinging London era. The thesis explores how the concept of Swinging London is both critiqued and perpetuated in each film through the use of visual tropes: the reconstruction of London as a cinematic space; the Pop photographer; the dolly; representations of music performance and fashion; the appropriation of signs and symbols associated with the visual culture of Swinging London. Using fashion, music performance, consumerism and cultural symbolism as visual narratives, each film also explores the construction of youth identity through the representation of manufactured and mediated images. Ultimately, these films reinforce Swinging London as a visual economy that circulates media images as commodities within a system of exchange. With this in view, the signs and symbols that comprise the visual culture of Swinging London are as central and significant to the cultural era as their material reality. While they attempt to destabilize prevailing representations of the era through the reproduction and exchange of such symbols, Blowup, Smashing Time, and Performance nevertheless contribute to the nostalgia for Swinging London in larger cultural memory.

The effect of rapid changes in ionospheric flow on velocity vectors deduced from radar beam-swinging experiments

The effects on the horizontal ionospheric velocity vectors deduced from radar beam-swinging experiments, which occur when changes in the flow take place on short time scales compared with the experiment cycle time, are analysed in detail. The further complications which arise in the interpretation of beam-swinging data, due to longitudinal gradients in the flow and to field-aligned flows, are also considered. It is concluded that these effects are unlikely to seriously compromise statistical determinations of the response time of the flow, e.g. to changes in the north-south component of the IMF, such as have been recently reported by Etemadiet al. (1988, Planet. Space Sci.36, 471), using EISCAT ‘Polar’ data.

Swimming versus swinging effects in spacetime

Wisdom has recently unveiled a new relativistic effect, called spacetime swimming, where quasirigid free bodies in curved spacetimes can speed up, slow down or deviate their falls by performing local cyclic shape deformations. We show here that for fast enough cycles this effect dominates over a nonrelativistic related one, named here space swinging, where the fall is altered through nonlocal cyclic deformations in Newtonian gravitational fields. We expect, therefore, to clarify the distinction between both effects leaving no room to controversy. Moreover, the leading contribution to the swimming effect predicted by Wisdom is enriched with a higher order term and the whole result is generalized to be applicable in cases where the tripod is in large redshift regions.

Chasse of Champagnat, principal face, main plaque. Mary Magdalene, Christ and Martial; roof plaque: the hand of God flanked by two angels swinging censers

4 7/8 in.x 7 7/16 in.x 3 11/32 in.; copper, engraved and gilt; champlevé ename on wood core

Manual of boxing, club swinging, and manly sports /

"Giving full instructions in the arts of boxing, fencing, wrestling, club swinging, dumb bell and gymnastic exercises, swimming, tumbling, etc. Containing over 250 illustrations, showing how every one can develop strength, skill and health."

Charles Perry Swinging Golf Club, First President of Florida International University, FIU, Founding President

Charles Edward Perry (Chuck), 1937-1999, was the founding president of Florida International University in Miami. He grew up in Logan County, West Virginia and graduated from Bowling Green State University. He married Betty Laird in 1961. In 1969, at the age of 32, Perry was the youngest president of any university in the nation. The name of the university reflects Perry’s desire for a title that would not limit the scope of the institution and would support his vision of having close ties to Latin America. Perry and a founding corps opened FIU to 5,667 students in 1972 with only one large building housing six different schools. Perry left the office of President of FIU in 1976 when the student body had grown to 10,000 students and the university had six buildings, offered 134 different degrees and was fully accredited. Charles Perry died on August 30, 1999 at his home in Rockwall, Texas. He is buried on the FIU campus in front of the Graham Center entrance.

Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan konserttitoiminnan tehokkuus Helsingin poliisilaitoksen suhdetoimintatyön tekijänä. Tapaustutkimus Back in the swinging old days -konserttitapahtumasta Helsingin Savoy-teatterissa 10.–11.02.2015.

Helsingin poliisisoittokunta on konserttitoiminnallaan suorittanut suhdetoimintatyötä Helsingin poliisilaitoksen hyväksi jo lähes 70 vuotta. Tämän tutkimuksen päämääränä oli tarkastella Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan konserttitoiminnan suhdetoiminnallista tehokkuutta yhden konserttitapahtuman osalta. Tutkimus suoritettiin tapaustutkimuksena jonka suorittamisessa käytettiin Survey-menetelmää. Tapaustutkimuksen kohteeksi valikoitui Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan Savoy-teatterissa 10.–11.02.2014 esittämä konserttitapahtuma. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osuus koostui ennen konserttia tehdyistä haastatteluista sekä konserttitapahtuman jälkeen suoritetusta yleisökyselystä. Helsingin poliisilaitoksen henkilöstöjohtajalle sekä Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan kapellimestarille ja intendentille suoritettujen haastattelujen avulla pyrittiin selvittämään Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan konserttitoiminnalle asetettuja suhdetoiminnallisia tavoitteita ja strategioita. Haastatteluista saatu tieto auttoi tutkimuskysymysten sekä yleisökyselyssä käytettäväksi tulevien mittareiden rakentamista. Yleisökyselylomake toimi tärkeimpänä aineistona tutkimuksessa. Yleisökyselyn vastaajien hankkimisessa käytettiin harkinnanvaraista otosta eli näytettä. Saatuja vastauksia analysoitiin koko vastaajajoukon sekä Helsingin poliisilaitoksen suhdetoiminnassa määriteltyjen sidosryhmien osalta. Analysoinnissa käytettiin sekä kvantitatiivisin että kvalitatiivisia menetelmiä. Tästä saadun tiedon pohjalta voitiin tehdä päätelmiä kyseisen konserttitapahtuman suhdetoiminnallisesta tehokkuudesta. Yleisökyselyn tulosten pohjalta tehdyissä päätelmissä tukeuduttiin Walter Lindemannin esittämään metodiin, jossa suoritetun suhdetoimintaprojektin kokonaistehokkuutta suositellaan tarkasteltavaksi sen panostusten, vaikutusten ja lopputulosten tehokkuudesta saatujen tulosten kautta. Panostuksissa keskityttiin konserttitapahtuman markkinointitoimien tehokkuuteen. Vaikutuksissa tarkastelun kohteena oli yleisökyselyyn vastanneiden tyytyväisyys konserttitapahtuman eri osatekijöitä kohtaan. Lopputulosten kohdalla tarkasteltavaksi tuli Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan maine sekä Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan ja konserttiyleisön välisen suhteen tila. Yleisökyselystä saatujen tuloksien lisäksi tukeuduttiin näiden kolmen osa-alueen osalta tehdyissä päätelmissä niiden osalta julkaistuun kirjallisuuteen sekä aiempaan tutkimusmateriaaliin. Tutkimuksen perusteella voitiin kyseisen Helsingin poliisisoittokunnan konserttitapahtuman suhdetoiminnallisen tehokkuuden todeta olleen erittäin hyvä. Nämä tehokkuudesta saadut tulokset toistuivat samankaltaisina sekä koko tutkittavan joukon että tarkastelussa olleiden sidosryhmien kohdalla. Havaitut kehittämiskohteet kohdistuivat lähinnä panostusten kohdalla suoritettuihin markkinointitoimiin. Yleisökyselyn vastaajien hankinnassa käytetty harkinnanvarainen otos rajoitti tutkimustulosten yleistämistä. Yleisökyselyyn saatu korkea vastausprosentti sekä otokseen sisältynyt laaja sidosryhmien edustus mahdollisti kuitenkin tutkimustulosten hypoteesitason yleistämistä.

Vision based control for fixed wing UAVs inspecting locally linear infrastructure using skid-to-turn maneuvers

The following paper proposes a novel application of Skid-to-Turn maneuvers for fixed wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) inspecting locally linear infrastructure. Fixed wing UAVs, following the design of manned aircraft, traditionally employ Bank-to-Turn maneuvers to change heading and thus direction of travel. Commonly overlooked is the effect these maneuvers have on downward facing body fixed sensors, which as a result of bank, point away from the feature during turns. By adopting Skid-to-Turn maneuvers, the aircraft is able change heading whilst maintaining wings level flight, thus allowing body fixed sensors to maintain a downward facing orientation. Eliminating roll also helps to improve data quality, as sensors are no longer subjected to the swinging motion induced as they pivot about an axis perpendicular to their line of sight. Traditional tracking controllers that apply an indirect approach of capturing ground based data by flying directly overhead can also see the feature off center due to steady state pitch and roll required to stay on course. An Image Based Visual Servo controller is developed to address this issue, allowing features to be directly tracked within the image plane. Performance of the proposed controller is tested against that of a Bank-to-Turn tracking controller driven by GPS derived cross track error in a simulation environment developed to simulate the field of view of a body fixed camera.

The story of the sixties...a pile-up on the freeway of advanced art

When does 1960s art begin and end? Certainly, aside from a few affinities, the decade’s artistic output does not exactly correspond to its popular conception as the ‘Swinging Sixties’. While it was rare that psychedelic art was truly challenging, the decade saw a number of perceptions change regarding the aims, boundaries and possibilities of experiencing art. Thus, this era has come to represent a watershed or crisis in modernist art. While in the Australian context many of these nascent trends were properly realised in the 1970s – with the full force and impact of post-object art – other challenges were first articulated in the 1950s. So, like any other demarcation of a decade, its limits and boundaries are porous.

Development of a 3500-tonne field robot

The mining industry is highly suitable for the application of robotics and automation technology, since the work is arduous, dangerous, and often repetitive. This paper presents a broad overview of the issues involved in the development of a physically large and complex field robotic system—a 3500-tonne mining machine (dragline). Draglines are “walking cranes” used in open-pit coal mining to remove the material covering a coal seam. The critical issues of robust load position sensing, modeling of the dynamics of the electrical drive system and the swinging load, control strategies, the operator interface, and automation system architecture are addressed. An important aspect of this system is that it must work cooperatively with a human operator, seamlessly passing control back and forth in order to achieve the main aim—increased productivity.

Swing load stabilization for mining and construction applications

This paper discusses the issue of sensing and control for stabilizing a swinging load. Our work has focused in particular on the dragline as used for overburden stripping in open-pit coal mining, but many of the principles would also be applicable to construction cranes. Results obtained from experimental work on a full-scale production dragline are presented.

Case study: Dragline swing to dump automation

Dragline Swing to Dump Automation By Peter Corke, CSIRO Manufacturing Technology/CRC for Mining Technology and Equipment (CMTE) Peter Corke presented a case study of a project to automate the dragline swing to dump operation. The project is funded by ACARP, BHP Coal, Pacific Coal and the CMTE and is being carried out on a dragline at Pacific Coal's Meandu mine near Brisbane. Corke began by highlighting that the minerals industry makes extensive use of large, mechanised machines. However, unlike other industries, mining has not adopted automation and most machines are controlled by human operators on board the machine itself. Choosing an automation target The dragline automation was chosen because: ò draglines are one of the biggest capital assets in a mine; ò performance between operators vary significantly, so improved capital utilisation is possible; ò the dragline is often the bottleneck in production; ò a large part of the operation cycle is spent swinging from dig to dump; and ò it is technically feasible. There has been a history of drag line automation projects, none with great success.

Social media in selected Australian federal and state election campaigns, 2010-15

Campaigning in Australian election campaigns at local, state, and federal levels is fundamentally affected by the fact that voting is compulsory in Australia, with citizens who are found to have failed to cast their vote subject to fines. This means that - contrary to the situation in most other nations – elections are decided not by which candidate or party has managed to encourage the largest number of nominal supporters to make the effort to cast their vote, but by some 10-20% of genuine ‘swinging voters’ who change their party preferences from one election to the next. Political campaigning is thus aimed less at existing party supporters (so-called ‘rusted on’ voters whose continued support for the party is essentially taken for granted) than at this genuinely undecided middle of the electorate. Over the past decades, this has resulted in a comparatively timid, vague campaigning style from both major party blocs (the progressive Australian Labor Party [ALP] and the conservative Coalition of the Liberal and National Parties [L/NP]). Election commitments that run the risk of being seen as too partisan and ideological are avoided as they could scare away swinging voters, and recent elections have been fought as much (or more) on the basis of party leaders’ perceived personas as they have on stated policies, even though Australia uses a parliamentary system in which the Prime Minister and state Premiers are elected by their party room rather than directly by voters. At the same time, this perceived lack of distinctiveness in policies between the major parties has also enabled the emergence of new, smaller parties which (under Australia’s Westminster-derived political system) have no hope of gaining a parliamentary majority but could, in a close election, come to hold the balance of power and thus exert disproportionate influence on a government which relies on their support.