993 resultados para Sistemas eletronicos fortemente correlacionados
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Neste trabalho estudamos modelos teóricos que descrevem sistemas eletrônicos fortemente correlacionados, em especial o modelo t-J, e suas aplicações a compostos de óxidos de cobre, notadamente os compostos que apresentam supercondutividade de alta temperatura crítica e o composto Sr2CuO2Cl2. No primeiro capítulo do trabalho, fazemos uma exposição de três modelos que envolvem o tratamento das interações elétron-elétron, que são os modelos de Hubbard de uma banda, o modelo de Heisenberg e o modelo t-J. Na dedução deste último fazemos uma expansão canônica do hamiltoniano de Hubbard, no limite de acoplamento forte, levando-nos a obter um novo hamiltoniano que pode ser utilizado para descrever um sistema antiferromagnético bidimensional na presen- ça de lacunas, que é exatamente o que caracteriza os compostos supercondutores de alta temperatura crítica na sua fase de baixa dopagem.Após termos obtido o hamiltoniano que descreve o modelo t-J, aplicamos à este uma descrição de polarons de spin, numa representação de holons, que são férmions sem spin, e spinons, que são bósons que carregam somente os graus de liberdade de spin. Utilizando uma função de Green para descrever a propagação do polaron pela rede, obtemos uma equação para a sua autoenergia somando uma série de diagramas de Feynman, sendo que para este cálculo utilizamos a aproxima ção de Born autoconsistente[1]. Do ponto de vista numérico demonstramos que a equação integral de Dyson resultante do tratamento anterior não requer um procedimento iterativo para sua solução, e com isto conseguimos trabalhar com sistemas com grande número de partículas. Os resultados mostram, como um aspecto novo, que o tempo de vida média do holon tem um valor bastante grande no ponto (π,0 ) da rede recíproca, perto da singularidade de Van Hove mencionada na literatura[2]. Este aspecto, e suas implicações, é amplamente discutido neste capítulo. No capítulo 3 estudamos o modelo estendido t-t'-J, com tunelamento à segundos vizinhos e a incorporação dos termos de três sítios[3]. Fazemos a mesma formulação do capítulo anterior, e discutimos as aplicações dos nossos resultados ao óxido mencionado anteriormente. Finalmente, no último capítulo apresentamos uma aplicação original do modelo t-J à uma rede retangular, levemente distorcida, e demonstramos que os resultados do capítulo 3 são reproduzidos sem necessidade de introduzir termos de tunelamento adicionais no hamiltoniano. Esta aplicação pode se tornar relevante para o estudo das fases de tiras encontradas recentemente nesses materiais de óxidos de cobre.
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The aim of this work is to derive theWard Identity for the low energy effective theory of a fermionic system in the presence of a hyperbolic Fermi surface coupled with a U(1) gauge field in 2+1 dimensions. These identities are important because they establish requirements for the theory to be gauge invariant. We will see that the identity associated Ward Identity (WI) of the model is not preserved at 1-loop order. This feature signalizes the presence of a quantum anomaly. In other words, a classical symmetry is broken dynamically by quantum fluctuations. Furthermore, we are considering that the system is close to a Quantum Phase Transitions and in vicinity of a Quantum Critical Point the fermionic excitations near the Fermi surface, decay through a Landau damping mechanism. All this ingredients need to be take explicitly to account and this leads us to calculate the vertex corrections as well as self energies effects, which in this way lead to one particle propagators which have a non-trivial frequency dependence
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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In the eld of synthetical materials, often called in the literature as organic/molecular conductors or charge-transfer salts, the most prominient examples are the quasi onedimensional systems (TMTTF)2X and (TMTSF)2X, where TMTTF, TMTSF and X refers to tetrametiltetratiafuvaline, tetrametiltetraselenafuvaline and a monovalent anion (X = PF6
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Neste trabalho, através de estudos das correlações, análise de componentes principais e cointegração, é discutida a relação dos comportamentos de curto e longo prazos de índices de mercado de ações representativos de 7 países latino americanos e de suas relações com índices norte-americanos e com índices globais, no período entre Julho de 2001 e Outubro de 2006. Este período foi caracterizado por uma relativa tranqüilidade, se podemos assim classificar a menor volatilidade e tamanho dos retornos, quando comparado às freqüentes crises dos fins dos anos 90. Tanto a análise da matriz de correlação dos índices como dos Componentes Principais dos mesmos demonstra agrupamentos de alguns índices, indicando um comportamento similar de curto prazo destes índices ao longo do período estudado, com movimentos fortemente correlacionados. Contudo, os resultados obtidos neste estudo, dada a falta de cointegração de vários mercados acionários, sugerem que no longo prazo um investidor poderia ter mais proteção com a diversificação que inicialmente se poderia imaginar.
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This study aimed to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in trophic state and its relation with the structure and dynamics of planktonic community of a large reservoir located in semi-arid tropical region of Northeast Brazil. The reservoir Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves is the biggest reservoir of the Rio Grande do Norte State and is responsible for about 53% of all surface water accumulated in the State. The samples of water and plankton were taken monthly in 10 points distributed throughout the longitudinal axis of the reservoir and over a full hydrological cycle. The samples were collected to determine concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a and suspended solids (fixed and volatile) and for determining the composition and abundance of phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic species. During the study period, the reservoir was characterized as eutrophic and there was no trend of increasing the trophic state of the reservoir in the period of drought. The concentrations of total phosphorus and suspended fixed solids decreased towards the dam while the N:P ratios increased in the same direction due to the reduction in the phosphorus concentrations and relative constancy in the nitrogen concentrations. The N:P ratios observed were indicative of greater limitation by phosphorus than by nitrogen. However, as concentrations of both nutrients were high and the water transparency was very low, with secchi depth usually lower than one meter, it seems likely that the planktonic primary production of the reservoir is more limited by the availability of light than the availability of nutrients. High nutrient concentrations coupled with low availability of light may explain the continuing dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the plankton of the reservoir.These cyanobacteria are potentially toxic and pose a serious environmental problem because it compromises the water quality for public supply, recreation and fishing when present in high densities as in this study. The mesozooplankton of the reservoir was dominated by the calanoid Notodiaptomus cearensis and the cladoceran Diaphanosoma spinulosum. In general, the structure of zooplankton community seems to be particularly influenced by the spatial variation of cyanobacteria. The results of the regression analyses show that both the chlorophyll a concentrations and the cyanobacteria biovolume were more strongly correlated with the nitrogen than with phosphorus and that the water transparency was more strongly correlated with algal biomass than with other sources of turbidity. The maximum load of phosphorus to attain the maximum permissible concentration of total P in the reservoir was estimated in 63.2 tonnes P/ year. The current external P load to the reservoir is estimated in 324 tonnes P / year and must be severely reduced to improve the water quality for water supply and allow the implementation of aquaculture projects that could contribute to the socio-economic development of the region
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Este estudo investigou a importância dos fatores ambientais sobre os padrões de abundância dos decápodos na costa sudeste brasileira. Amostragens foram feitas mensalmente de janeiro/1998 a dezembro/1999 em Ubatumirim e Mar Virado, região de Ubatuba, usando um barco de pesca camaroneiro equipado com redes doublerig. Foram selecionadas seis áreas adjacentes aos costões rochosos. Amostras de água de fundo foram coletadas usando garrafa de Nansen, para mensurar a temperatura e salinidade. Amostras de sedimento foram obtidas utilizando pegador de Van Veen, para determinação da textura e conteúdo de matéria orgânica. A associação dos fatores ambientais com a abundância das espécies foi verificada através da Análise de Correspondência Canônica (α = 0,05). Quarenta e uma espécies de Decapoda foram utilizadas na análise multivariada. A análise indicou que a textura do sedimento (phi) e a temperatura foram os fatores mais fortemente correlacionados (p < 0,05) com a abundância espacial e temporal das espécies. Considerando a região de estudo como zona de transição faunística, incluindo espécies de origem tropical e subantártica, as espécies responderam diferentemente aos fatores ambientais, principalmente à temperatura. Possivelmente os decápodos ajustem sua distribuição de acordo com suas limitações fisiológicas intrínsecas, como resultado dos recursos disponíveis.
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Technology advances and scientific studies in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) have contributed significantly to reduce mortality and morbidity of at-risk newborns (NB). However, they are more likely to present neurological and/or developmental psychomotor delay with neurological and sensory alterations. Therefore, proposals for neonatal intervention were developed with the aim of protecting the baby and offering appropriate incentives to minimize the effects of hospital intervention. To this end, programs of protective measures such as the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) were developed. Given the relevance of the issue described, this systematic review critically appraises articles from the national and international literature, published in recent years (from 2000 to 2011), that describe whether the KMC can be a protective factor for the development of writing in premature infants. The textual search was conducted using the Virtual Health Library (VHL), a website that covers publications worldwide, allowing access to articles from health science, including LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and SciELO, as database. The findings revealed that infants who participated in the KMC program showed improvements in their development and that factors such as low-birth-weight prematurity and learning disorders have close relationship with the onset of motor impairments and changes in psychomotor development. The findings showed no articles describing the KMC as a protective factor for the incidence of dysgraphia. Thus, we emphasize the importance of conducting further studies on these topics.
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Automatic video surveillance system has been a frequent topic of research due to the large number of promising applications. In this research, we developed a tracking and counting people system, as well as suspicious activities detector. The model tracks individual objects as they pass through the field of vision of the camera using vision algorithms to classify the activities of each person, and according to this features, detect dangerous situations. This dissertation includes a review of several techniques trying to develop a robust and low computacional costs system to be used in glass door barrier turnstiles avoiding fraud
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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This study aimed to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in trophic state and its relation with the structure and dynamics of planktonic community of a large reservoir located in semi-arid tropical region of Northeast Brazil. The reservoir Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves is the biggest reservoir of the Rio Grande do Norte State and is responsible for about 53% of all surface water accumulated in the State. The samples of water and plankton were taken monthly in 10 points distributed throughout the longitudinal axis of the reservoir and over a full hydrological cycle. The samples were collected to determine concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a and suspended solids (fixed and volatile) and for determining the composition and abundance of phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic species. During the study period, the reservoir was characterized as eutrophic and there was no trend of increasing the trophic state of the reservoir in the period of drought. The concentrations of total phosphorus and suspended fixed solids decreased towards the dam while the N:P ratios increased in the same direction due to the reduction in the phosphorus concentrations and relative constancy in the nitrogen concentrations. The N:P ratios observed were indicative of greater limitation by phosphorus than by nitrogen. However, as concentrations of both nutrients were high and the water transparency was very low, with secchi depth usually lower than one meter, it seems likely that the planktonic primary production of the reservoir is more limited by the availability of light than the availability of nutrients. High nutrient concentrations coupled with low availability of light may explain the continuing dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the plankton of the reservoir.These cyanobacteria are potentially toxic and pose a serious environmental problem because it compromises the water quality for public supply, recreation and fishing when present in high densities as in this study. The mesozooplankton of the reservoir was dominated by the calanoid Notodiaptomus cearensis and the cladoceran Diaphanosoma spinulosum. In general, the structure of zooplankton community seems to be particularly influenced by the spatial variation of cyanobacteria. The results of the regression analyses show that both the chlorophyll a concentrations and the cyanobacteria biovolume were more strongly correlated with the nitrogen than with phosphorus and that the water transparency was more strongly correlated with algal biomass than with other sources of turbidity. The maximum load of phosphorus to attain the maximum permissible concentration of total P in the reservoir was estimated in 63.2 tonnes P/ year. The current external P load to the reservoir is estimated in 324 tonnes P / year and must be severely reduced to improve the water quality for water supply and allow the implementation of aquaculture projects that could contribute to the socio-economic development of the region
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária