Intervalos de referência sanguíneos e a influência da idade e sexo sobre parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovinos da raça Santa Inês criados na Amazônia Oriental

O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico são usados para diagnosticar doenças em animais domésticos. Esses exames podem ser influenciados pela idade, sexo, nutrição, raça, espécie e condições ambientais. Portanto, dados de uma região não podem ser totalmente extrapolados para animais criados em regiões geograficamente distintas. Isso se aplica a ovinos criados no Bioma Amazônico. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovinos Santa Inês, de diferentes idades e gêneros criados na Amazônia oriental. Foram examinados 91 ovinos divididos em três grupos: G1 (3-6 meses de idade, n = 31); G2 (7 a 24 meses de idade, n = 30) e G3 (mais de 24 meses de idade, n = 30). O hemograma e as determinações bioquímicas foram realizados com um contador automático e um analisador semi-automático, respectivamente. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey. O número de eritrócitos, índices eritrocitários, plaquetograma, número de eosinófilos, teor de proteína total, de ureia e de creatinina foram influenciados pela idade dos animais. O coeficiente de variação dos eritrócitos e a concentração de creatinina foram influenciados pelo sexo, sendo maiores nos machos. A relação neutrófilos:linfócitos (N:L) foi maior que um para todos os grupos etários. Neste estudo foram determinados valores de referência para ovinos criados na Amazônia Oriental. Além disso, demonstrou-se que ao interpretar exames hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovinos, a idade e o sexo devem ser considerados.

O turismo religioso na Semana Santa em Braga

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Sociologia (área de Especialização em Organizações e Trabalho)

Differentially transcribed genes in skeletal muscle of lambs

The objective of this study was to compare gene transcription profiles in Longissimus dorsi muscle of the following four hair sheep genetic groups, Morada Nova (MO), Brazilian Somali (SO), Santa Inĉs (SI) and 1/2 Dorper×1/2 Morada Nova (F1). These groups all display different postnatal muscle growth. The transcriptomes of the skeletal muscle of the lambs (at 200 days of age) were profiled by using oligonucleotide microarrays and reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The microarray experiment identified 262 transcripts that were differentially expressed when transcription levels were compared between the different breeds. A total of 23 transcripts among which those involved in skeletal muscle development (MyoD1 and IGFBP4), lipogenesis and adipogenesis (C/EBPδ, PPARγ and PGDS) were differentially expressed in at least in one comparison. Clustering analysis showed that there is greater similarity in gene expression between the MO and SI breeds and between F1 and SO genetic groups. The SO breed has the most distinct expression pattern. The RT-qPCR results confirmed the findings from the microarray study. A positive correlation was observed between the expression of MyoD1 and the cold carcass yield. The negative correlations between the weight and yield of cold carcass with the expression of C/EBPδ mean that the selection for adipogenesis could lead to a lower carcass weight. The GLUT3 and PYGL gene transcripts were negatively correlated with fat thickness, but ATP5G1 was positively correlated with this trait. Interestingly, many genes negatively correlated with PUFA were positively correlated with cold carcass yield. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that there are breed-specific expression patterns in Brazilian hair sheep genetic groups. The differences in gene expression among genetic groups were consistent with their phenotypic differences. The positive correlation of the MyoD1 expression with the cold carcass yield suggests that this gene is important for tissue growth in sheep. The positive correlation of the C/EBPδ expression with PUFA provides an opportunity to select for lipid deposition in meat animals. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Molecular and morphological markers for rapid distinction between 2 Colletotrichum species

Endophytic microorganisms reside asymptomatically within plants and are a source of new bioactive products for use in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Colletotrichum (teleomorph Glomerella) is a fungus widely cited in the literature as a producer of antimicrobial substances. Identification at the species level, however, has been a problem in this type of study. Several authors have reported the presence of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Maytenus ilicifolia (espinheira-santa) in Brazil that has antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Therefore, Colletotrichum strains were isolated from M. ilicifolia and identified based on morphology, RAPD markers, sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2), the 5.8S gene, and species-specific PCR. The analyses suggested the presence of 2 species, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum boninense. Two morphological markers were characterized to allow C. gloeosporioides and C. boninense to be distinguished quickly and accurately. The molecular diagnosis of C. boninense was confirmed by using Coll and ITS4 primers. This species of Colletotrichum is reported for the first time in M. ilicifolia.

A quantitative validated method using liquid chromatography and chemometric analysis for evaluation of raw material oF Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch., Celastraceae

The hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from standard leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia and commercial samples of espinheira-santa were evaluated qualitatively (fingerprinting) and quantitatively. In this paper, fingerprinting chromatogram coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is described for the metabolomic analysis of standard and commercial espinheira-santa samples. The epicatechin standard was used as an external standard for the development and validation of a quantitative method for the analysis in herbal medicines using a photo diode array detector. This method has been applied for quantification of epicatechin in commercialized herbal medicines sold as espinheira-santa in Brazil and in the standard sample of M. ilicifolia.

Effects of intramammary infection on whey proteinograms of sheep during lactation

The study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of mammary gland infection in Santa Inês sheep. Commercial flocks of sheep provided the same hygiene, sanitary, and nutritional management under semi-intensive production systems were monitored during the lactation stage-and assessed 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after delivery (through the end of lactation and weaning). The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on the mammary glands. Milk was collected for bacterial examination and protein analysis. Bacterial culture and biochemical characterization of the samples were performed. Forty-two milk samples from healthy glands (negative CMT and bacterial testing) and 43 milk samples from infected glands (positive CMT and bacterial testing) taken at the predefined time points were assessed. A rennin solution was used to obtain the whey. The proteins analysis was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which allowed for the quantification of nine whey proteins produced in healthy glands: serum albumin, lactoferrin, IgA, IgG heavy-chain (IgG HC), IgG light-chain (IgG LC), total IgG (IgG HC + IgG LC), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, protein with MW 15.000 Da, protein with MW 29.000 Da and eleven whey proteins secreted by infected glands, including haptoglobin and α-1-acid glycoprotein. A comparison of whey proteins between healthy and infected glands showed increases (P<0.05) in the secreted and total contents of all proteins, except for IgG LC and α-lactoalbumin. The most significant changes were observed in α-1-acid glycoprotein, lactoferrin and haptoglobin, which showed three-, five-, and seven-fold increases in secretion, respectively. This study showed that haptoglobin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, lactoferrin, albumin, and the IgA and IgG immunoglobulins may serve as potential biomarkers for mammary gland infection in sheep.

Nuestra Se??ora del Carmen y San Jos?? : un lugar para todos

Participante en la convocatoria: Premios de buenas pr??cticas en materia de convivencia, Gobierno de Arag??n 2009-10

Efeito do genótipo e do teor protéico da dieta na resistência de cordeiros à hemoncose experimental

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo químico de chás brasileiros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

La croyance au Père Noël a une date de péremption

La plupart des enfants en Occident sont en contact avec le Père Noël au cours de leur enfance. Pour la plupart des parents, il s’agit d’une croyance anodine destinée à conférer à la fête de Noël un certain mystère. Certains parents considèrent toutefois que promouvoir la croyance au Père Noël, c’est valoriser le mensonge. L’objectif de ce texte est de passer en revue les arguments des uns et des autres. Nous mettons d’abord en évidence quelques variables susceptibles de favoriser ou non cette croyance. Par la suite, nous présentons les travaux qui se sont intéressés à l’impact de la croyance au Père Noël et de la découverte de la vérité. Nous considérerons alors le point de vue des enfants et celui des parents. Nous évoquons enfin le caractère adaptatif du mensonge dans une perspective évolutionniste.

La croyance au Père Noël a une date de péremption

La plupart des enfants en Occident sont en contact avec le Père Noël au cours de leur enfance. Pour la plupart des parents, il s’agit d’une croyance anodine destinée à conférer à la fête de Noël un certain mystère. Certains parents considèrent toutefois que promouvoir la croyance au Père Noël, c’est valoriser le mensonge. L’objectif de ce texte est de passer en revue les arguments des uns et des autres. Nous mettons d’abord en évidence quelques variables susceptibles de favoriser ou non cette croyance. Par la suite, nous présentons les travaux qui se sont intéressés à l’impact de la croyance au Père Noël et de la découverte de la vérité. Nous considérerons alors le point de vue des enfants et celui des parents. Nous évoquons enfin le caractère adaptatif du mensonge dans une perspective évolutionniste.

Effect of morphodynamics on annual average zonation pattern of benthic macrofauna of exposed sandy beaches in Santa Catarina, Brazil

This study investigated the effect of environmental factors on the annual average zonation pattern of benthic macrofauna of sub-aerial profile of three exposed sandy beaches of Santa Catarina with different morphodynamic characteristics. Sampling was carried out between March 2000 and March 2001, with monthly frequency on reflective and dissipative morphodynamic extremes and bimonthly frequency on the intermediate state. Results showed that macrobenthic zonation presented marked differences across the morphodynamic spectrum. The main differences observed from reflective to dissipative conditions were: a) increase in the number of species in lower zones of the beach; b) expansion of zones characterized by high water content of sediment and c) increase in the overlapping of zones, mainly on lower levels of the beach. Canonical Correspondence Analysis related these differences to distinctive cross-shore gradients in sediment moisture levels, sediment reworking and mean grain size that exist across the morphodynamic spectrum, showing that it is important to analyze these environmental factors in studies conducted to investigate zonation on microtidal exposed sandy beaches.

Stable isotopes of bulk organic matter to trace carbon and nitrogen dynamics in an estuarine ecosystem in Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina, Brazil)

The biogeochemical processes affecting the transport and cycling of terrestrial organic carbon in coastal and transition areas are still not fully understood One means of distinguishing between the sources of organic materials contributing to particulate organic matter (POM) in Babitonga Bay waters and sediments is by the direct measurement of delta(13)C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and delta(13)C and delta(15)N in the organic constituents. An isotopic survey was taken from samples collected in the Bay in late spring of 2004. The results indicate that the delta(13)C and delta(15)N compositions of OM varied from -21.7 parts per thousand to -26 2 parts per thousand. and from + 9 2 parts per thousand. to -0 1 parts per thousand, respectively. delta(13)C from DIC ranges from +0.04 parts per thousand to -12.7 parts per thousand The difference in the isotope compositions enables the determination of three distinct end-members terrestrial, marine and urban Moreover, the evaluation of source contribution to the particulate organic matter (POM) in the Bay, enables assessment of the anthropogenic impact. Comparing the depleted values of delta(13)C(DIC) and delta(13)C(POC) it is possible to further understand the carbon dynamic within Babitonga Bay (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved

Spontaneous vegetation on overburden piles in the Coal Basin of Santa Catarina, Brazil

The objective of this work was to select indigenous vegetal species for restoration programs aiming at the regeneration of ombrophilous dense forest. Thirty-five spoil piles located in the county of Sideropolis, Santa Catarina, that received overburden disposal for 39 years (1950-1989) were selected for study because they exhibited remarkable spontaneous regrowth of trees compared to surrounding spoil piles. Floristic inventory covered the whole area of the 35 piles, whereas survey on phytosociology and natural regeneration studies were conducted in 70 plots distributed along the 35 piles. Floristic inventory recorded 83 species from 28 botanical families. Herbaceous terricolous plants constituted the predominant species (47.0%), followed by shrubs (26.5%), trees (19.3%), and vines (7.2%). Results from surveys on phytosociology and natural regeneration, focused on shrubs and trees, recorded incipient ecological succession. In addition, the most adapted species recorded on the overburden piles, as ranked by index of natural regeneration (RNT) plus importance value index (IVI), were as follows: Clethra scabra (RNT = 23.93%; IVI = 17.28%), Myrsine coriacea (RNT = 20.93%, IVI = 11.26%), Eupatorium intermedium (RNT 7.56%, IVI 0.40%), Miconia ligustroides (RNT 5.84%, IVI 2.37%), Ossaea amygdaloides (RNT 3.84%, IVI 1.30%), Tibouchina sellowiana (RNT 3.29%, M 1.94%), Eup. inulaefolium (RNT = 2.65%, IVI = 0.80%), and Baccharis dracunculifolia (RNT = 2.28%; IVI = 0.56%). High values of IVI and RNT exhibited by the exotic species Eucalyptus saligna (IVI = 21.73%, RNT = 51.41%) indicated strong competition between exotic and indigenous species. Severe chemical (acidic pH and lack of nutrients) and physical (coarse substrate and slope angle of 40-50 degrees) characteristics displayed by the overburden piles constituted limitations to floristic diversity and size of indigenous trees, indicating the need for substrate reclamation prior to forest restoration.

Temporal and spatial distribution of anurans in the Pampa Region (Santa Maria, RS).

The present study aimed to determine the richness, occurrence constancy, reproductive modes. standard of abundance distribution, season of vocalization and to test correlation among climatic variables and activity of vocalization of anurans in a region of the Pampa Biome, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State. During the period of Novernber/2001 to October/2002 monthly collections were carried out utilizing the `survey at breeding site` method and examination of specimens kept in the Colecao Herpetologica do Setor de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (ZUFSM). Tire Occurrence of 25 species of anurans was recorded. The anurofauna recorded represents 30% of the species known to Occur in Rio Grande do Sul, and comprises species generally associated with grasslands in this state and neighboring countries. Four reproductive modes were recorded: mode 1 (14 species: 58.3%) mode 11 and 30 (9 species` 37.5%) and mode 24 (1 species; 4.2%). The low diversification of reproductive modes is likely related to the homogeneity of the grassland habitat. Most species were constant or accessory in the Study area and the species abundance distribution patterns fit in the Broken Stick and Log-normal models. characterized by homogeneity of species abundance distribution. Most species showed great plasticity in habitat. but few were plastic in vocalization sites use. There was a weak positive correlation between species richness and precipitation. There was also a weak positive correlation between the abundance of species calling activity and maximum average temperatures. These correlations indicated that, in the study area. the abundance of calling males is more affected by the temperature, and species richness is more affected by precipitation, despite the fact that significantly higher species richness occurs during the hottest period of the year. These results showed that the climatological variables examined were not enough to explain the seasonal occurrence of species, thus the influence of other environmental variables merit to be tested in future studies.