Rheological Behavior of Al-7Si-0.3Mg Alloy at Mushy State

In recent years, semisolid manufacturing has emerged as an attractive option for near net shape forming of components with aluminum alloys. In this class of processes, the key to success lies mainly in the understanding of rheological behavior of the semi-solid slurry in the temperature range between liquidus and solidus. The present study focuses on the non-Newtonian flow behavior of the pseudo plastic slurry of Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy for a wide shear range using a high-temperature Searle-type rheometer. The rheological behavior of the slurry is studied with respect to relevant process variables and microstructural features such as shear rate, shear duration, temperature history, primary particle size, shape, and their distribution. The experiments performed are isothermal tests, continuous cooling tests, shear jump tests, and shear time tests. The continuous cooling experiments are aimed toward studying the viscosity and shear stress evolution within the slurry matrix with increasing solid fraction at a constant shear rate. Three different cooling rates are considered and their effect on flow behavior of the slurry was studied under iso-shear condition. Descending shear jump experiments are performed to understand the viscous instability of the slurry.

The rheological behavior and dynamic mechanical properties of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene

The rheological behavior and the dynamic mechanical properties of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (sPB) were investigated by a rotational rheometer (MCR-300) and a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA-242C). Rheological behavior of sPB-830, a sPB with crystalline degree of 20.1% and syndiotactic content of 65.1%, showed that storage modulus (G ') and loss modulus (G '') decreased, and the zero shear viscosity (eta(0)) decreased slightly with increasing temperature when measuring temperatures were lower than 160 degrees C. However, G ' and G '' increased at the end region of relaxation curves with increasing temperature and)10 increased with increasing temperature as the measuring temperatures were higher than 160 degrees C. Furthermore, critical crosslinked reaction temperature was detected at about 160 degrees C for sPB-830. The crosslinked reaction was not detected when test temperature was lower than 150 degrees C for measuring the dynamic mechanical properties of sample. The relationship between processing temperature and crosslinked reaction was proposed for the sPB-830 sample.

Effects of starch gelatinization and oxidation on the rheological behavior of chitosan/starch blends

Chitosan/starchblends represent an interesting alternative for the preparation of biocompatible drug delivery systems, packing materials and edible films. This paper reports on the effects of starch gelatinization and oxidation on the rheological behavior of chitosan/starch blends. The results show that the modifications in the starch structure cause changes in G` (storage modulus) and G `` (lossmodulus) as a function of frequency. For chitosan/starch, G `` is higher than G`, showing a viscous behavior. However, for chitosan/gelatinized starch and chitosan/oxidized starch, an increase in the angular frequency promotes a modulus crossover at omega = 0.02 and 0.04 rad s(-1), respectively. The viscosity curves as a function of shear rate show that both modifications cause an increase in viscosity, and all blends show a non-Newtonian behavior. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

Physicochemical Characterization and Rheological Behavior Evaluation of the Liquid Crystalline Mesophases Developed with Different Silicones

This article presented physicochemical characterization and rheological behavior evaluation of the liquid crystalline mesophases developed with different silicones. There were prepared 5 ternary systems, which were carried out the determination of the relative density, the electric conductivity and polarized light microscopy analysis, being selected two systems to promote the Preliminary Stability Tests. The results showed that System 1 obtained the major liquid crystal formation and a higher stability. The temperature influences in the systems stability and phases structure. In hot oven, observed oneself the mixture of lamellar and hexagonal phase, for both systems.

The influence of the mixing time in the rheological behavior of cement pastes

Rheology has the purpose to study the flux and deformation of materials when submitted to some tension or outer mechanical solicitation. In practice, the effective scientific field broached by rheology is restricted only to the study of homogeneous fluids behavior, in which are included eminent liquids, particles suspensions, and emulsions. The viscosity (η) and the yield stress (τ 0) are the two basic values that define the fluids' behavior. The first one is the proportionality constant that relates the shear rate (γ) with the shear stress (τ) applied, while the second indicates the minimal tension for the flowage beginning. The fluids that obey the Newton's relation - Newtonians fluids - display the constant viscosity and the null yield stress. It's the case of diluted suspensions and grate amount of the pure liquids (water, acetone, alcohol, etc.) in which the viscosity is an intrinsic characteristic that depends on temperature and, in a less significant way, pressure. The suspension, titled Cement Paste, is defined as being a mixture of water and cement with, or without, a superplasticizer additive. The cement paste has a non-Newtonian fluid behavior (pseudoplastic), showing a viscosity that varies in accord to the applied shear stress and significant deformations are obtained from a delimited yield stress. In some cases, systems can also manifest the influence of chemical additives used to modify the interactions fluid/particles, besides the introduced modifications by the presence of incorporated air. To the cement paste the rheometric rehearsals were made using the rheometer R/S Brookfield that controls shear stress and shear rate in accord to the rheological model of Herschel-Bulkley that seems to better adapt to this kind of suspension's behavior. This paper shows the results of rheometrical rehearsals on the cement paste that were produced with cements HOLCIM MC-20 RS and CPV-ARI RS with the addition of superplasticizer additives based of napthaline and polycarboxilate, with and without a constant agitation of the mixture. The obtainment of dosages of superplasticizer additives, as well as the water/cement ratio, at the cement at the fluidify rate determination, was done in a total of 12 different mixtures. It's observed that the rheological parameters seem to vary according to the cement type, the superplasticizer type, and the methodology applied at the fluidity rate determination.

Rheological behavior of binary aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) of 1500 g·mol-1 as affected by temperature and polymer concentration

The rheological behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) of 1500 g·mol -1(PEG1500) aqueous solutions with various polymer concentrations (w = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) was studied at different temperatures (T = 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15) K. The analyses were carried out considering shear rates ranging from (20 to 350) s-1, using a cone-and-plate rheometer under controlled stress and temperature. Classical rheological models (Newton, Bingham, Power Law, Casson, and Herschel-Bulkley) were tested. The Power Law model was shown suitable to mathematically represent the rheological behavior of these solutions. Well-adjusted empirical models were derived for consistency index variations in function of temperature (Arrhenius-type model; R2 > 0.96), polymer concentration (exponential model; R2 > 0.99) or the combination of both (R 2 > 0.99). Additionally, linear models were used to represent the variations of behavior index in the functions of temperature (R2 > 0.83) and concentration (R2 > 0.87). © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Rheological behavior of Brazilian Cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) pulp at pasteurization temperatures

Neste trabalho, foi estudado o comportamento reológico da polpa de pitanga na faixa de temperatura de pasteurização de 83 a 97 °C. Os resultados indicaram que a polpa apresentou comportamento pseudoplástico e o modelo de Herschel-Bulkley foi considerado o mais adequado para representar o comportamento reológico do produto nas temperaturas estudadas. Os índices de comportamento de fluido (n) variaram na faixa de 0,448 a 0,627. O efeito da temperatura sobre a viscosidade aparente pôde ser descrito pela equação análoga à de Arrenhius, observando-se a diminuição da viscosidade aparente da polpa de pitanga com o aumento da temperatura.

Rheological behavior of Peruvian carrot starch gels as affected by temperature and concentration

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development, physical-chemical stability and rheological behavior of silicones formulations containing Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE)

The aim of this paper was to develop formulations increased of DMAE and evaluate their physical-chemical stability and rheological behavior. Eleven formulations containing 3% DMAE pidolate or 3% DMAE acetamidobenzoate were developed and both preliminary stabilities tests and rheological measurements were carried out. They were considered stable during all period of study. The type of DMAE did not modify the viscosity of the emulsion and all presented pseudoplastic behavior with hysteresis area. An increase of hysteresis area could be observed with DMAE addition. The results point that the type of DMAE can influence the physical stability of the final product.

Layered silicate nanocomposites based on various high-functionality epoxy resins. Part II: The influence of an organoclay on the rheological behavior of epoxy prepolymers

The effect of an organically surface modified layered silicate on the viscosity of various epoxy resins of different structures and different functionalities was investigated. Steady and dynamic shear viscosities of the epoxy resins containing 0-10 wt% of the organoclay were determined using parallel plate rheology. Viscosity results were compared with those achieved through addition of a commonly used micron-sized CaCO3 filler. It was found that changes in viscosities due to the different fillers were of the same order, since the layered silicate was only dispersed on a micron-sized scale in the monomer (prior to reaction), as indicated by X-ray diffraction measurements. Flow activation energies at a low frequency were determined and did not show any significant changes due to the addition of organoclay or CaCO3. Comparison between dynamic and steady shear experiments showed good agreement for low layered silicate concentrations below 7.5 wt%, i.e. the Cox-Merz rule can be applied. Deviations from the Cox-Merz rule appeared at and above 10 wt%, although such deviations were only slightly above experimental error. Most resin organoclay blends were well predicted by the Power Law model, only concentrations of 10 wt% and above requiring the Herschel-Buckley (yield stress) model to achieve better fits. Wide-angle X-ray measurements have shown that the epoxy resin swells the layered silicate with an increase in the interlayer distance of approximately 15 Angstrom, and that the rheology behavior is due to the lateral, micron-size of these swollen tactoids.

Friction factors and rheological behavior of Australian honey in a straight pipe

The pumping characteristics of four Australian honey samples were investigated in a straight pipe. Six flow rates (100-500 kg h(-1)) were studied at three temperatures (35-50degreesC). The pressure loss increased with an increase in the length of the pipe, as the low rate was increased and as the temperature was reduced. In the 25.4 mm-pipe, the Reynolds number ranged from 0.2-32.0 and are substantially less than the critica value (2040-2180) for laminar condition in the system. The relationship between the wall shear stress and shear rate approximated power-law behaviour, and the power-law index was not significantly (p>0.05) different from 1.0. The honey samples exhibited Newtonian behaviour at all the temperatures and this was confirmed by rheometric studies using Couette geometry. A friction chart was generated independent of temperature and the type of honey. An equation was developed to predict the pressure loss of the honey in a typical pipeline at any temperature once the viscosity-temperature relationship had been established.

Electrokinetic and Rheological Properties of Nano Zirconia in the Presence of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

In this paper, the effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the electrokinetic and rheological behavior of nanozirconia particles is reported. The effect of pH, concentration of biosurfactant, and solids loading on ζ-potential and rheological behavior was investigated. ζ-potential measurements showed that adsorption of biosurfactant shifted the iso-electric point of zirconia with increasing biosurfactant concentration. The surface of zirconia became more electronegative in the presence of biosurfactant indicating a strong interaction. Maximum charge was obtained in the presence of about 230 ppm of biosurfactant. Rheological tests at pH 7 revealed that the zirconia suspension is viscous at high solids loading and addition of biosurfactant decreased the viscosity substantially especially at high solids loading (>50 wt%). Sedimentation tests confirmed that the biosurfactant is a good dispersant for zirconia particles at pH values of 7 and above.

Rheological characterization of semi-solid A356 aluminium alloy

Rheological behavior of semi-solid slurries forms the backbone of semi-solid processing of metallic alloys. In particular, the effects of several process and metallurgical parameters such as shear rate, shear time, temperature, rest time and size, distribution and morphology of the primary phase on the viscosity of the slurry needs in-depth characterization. In the present work, rheological behaviour of the semisolid aluminium alloy (A356) slurry is investigated by using a high temperature Searle type Rheometer using concentric cylinders. Three different types of experiment are carried out: isothermal test, continuous cooling test and steady state test. Continuous decrease in viscosity is observed with increasing shear rate at a fixed temperature (isothermal test). It is also found that the viscosity increases with decreasing temperature for a particular shear rate due to increasing solid fraction (continuous cooling test). Thixotropic nature of the slurry is confirmed from the hysteresis loops obtained during experimentation. Time dependence of slurry viscosity has been evaluated from the steady state tests. After a longer shearing time under isothermal conditions the starting dendritic structure of the said alloy is transformed into globular grains due to abrasion, agglomeration, welding and ripening.

Relaxation behavior of polymer blends with complex morphologies: Palierne emulsion model for uncompatibilized and compatibilized PP/PA6 blends

This paper deals with the dynamic rheological behavior of polypropylene/polyamide6 (PP/PA6) uncompatibilized blends and those compatibilized with a maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6). The terminal relaxation times of the blends predicted by the Palierne emulsion model were compared with those obtained from experimental relaxation time spectra. The Palierne model succeeded well in describing PP/PA6 uncompatibilized blends with relatively low dispersed phase contents (10 wt%) and failed doing so for those of which the dispersed contents were high (30 wt%). It also failed for the compatibilized ones, irrespective of the dispersed phase content (10 or 30 wt%) and whether or not interface relaxation was taken into consideration. In the case of the uncompatibilized blend with high dispersed-phase content, interconnections among inclusions of the dispersed phase were responsible for the failure of the Palierne model. As for the compatiblized blends, in addition to particle interconnections, the existence of emulsion-in-emulsion (EE) structures was another factor responsible for the failure of Palieme model.