1000 resultados para Relation russo-suisses
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Ce mmoire a pour objectif danalyser la nature et lampleur des enjeux de scurit dans lArctique contemporain en utilisant les outils offerts par la thorie de la scurisation de lcole de Copenhague. Cinq secteurs de scurit militaire, politique, identitaire, environnemental et conomique et quatre variables la gographie, lidentit, lhistoire et la politique sont utilises pour examiner les perceptions de scurit, les scurisations et les comportements stratgiques du Canada et de la Norvge. La 1re hypothse avance dans ce mmoire est la suivante : depuis 2005, au Canada et en Norvge, nous sommes en train dassister une scurisation progressive des enjeux non militaires dans lArctique - politiques, identitaires, environnementaux et conomiques - et les effets entre ces secteurs de scurit ont dimportantes consquences sur le secteur militaire, notamment au niveau de la multiplication de projets tatiques pour la plupart essentiellement militaires, ainsi quau niveau dun dclenchement dune scurisation de leur intgrit territoriale ou du moins un accroissement de linscurit son gard. La 2e hypothse avance est la suivante : les nouvelles perceptions de scurit et les comportements stratgiques des tats de la rgion engendrent de linscurit lintrieur des socits ainsi quune dgradation de la confiance entre les acteurs tatiques. Cela a pour effet daugmenter la division politique dans lArctique et de ralentir toute construction rgionale. Nous concluons, sur la base de nos tudes de cas, quau Canada, la souverainet, la nordicit et lintgrit territoriale sont perues comme tant menaces. De plus, les scurisations dans lArctique semblent faire partie dun renouvellement stratgique global en matire de politique trangre et de dfense. En Norvge, la Russie est considre comme lacteur principal du High North et partir de 2008, la relation russo-norvgienne a subi une scurisation. Contrairement au Canada, la Norvge prfre le statu quo stratgique dans lArctique en privilgiant les trois lments traditionnels de sa politique de dfense et de scurit - la dissuasion par lOTAN, la gestion de la Russie par lassurance, et lamlioration des relations est-ouest.
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La recherche, faisant l'objet de la prsente communication, interroge cette nouvelle rpartition des rles telle qu'elle a t thorise dans les crits gestionnaires portant sur la NGP. Nous investiguons donc la vracit de l'affirmation selon laquelle une gestion moderne, efficiente et efficace des affaires publiques implique une sparation plus stricte des sphres politiques et administratives. Autrement dit, est-ce que la mise en oeuvre des rformes managriales au sein des administrations cantonales de Suisse romande change effectivement la nature de la relation entre les hauts fonctionnaires et leurs ministres de tutelle ? Pour apporter un dbut de rponse cette question, nous avons dcid de nous approcher de trois cantons romands qui se trouvent dans des dynamiques de rforme administrative d'ampleur diffrentes. Aussi, notre choix de terrain s'est port sur le canton du Valais, qui est l'un des plus avancs en matire de NGP, sur le canton de Neuchtel, qui se trouve dans une dynamique hybride puisque certains services administratifs ont adopt les principes de la contractualisation sur base volontaire et d'autres non, ansi que le canton du Jura qui n'a pas, pour l'instant, opt pour les nouveaux principes et outils de la NGP. La comparaison de ces trois entits, dont les trajectoires de modernisation diffrent, nous permettra de constater ou non des diffrences d'apprciation dans la nature des relations politico-administratives des trois cantons. Si l'on se rfre la description idale-typique propose par les tenants de la NGP, nous devrions constater d'importantes divergences. Enfin, il est relever que cette recherche est pionnire en Suisse puisqu'aucune autre tude ce jour ne s'est attele dcrire ces changements relationnels, comme cela a t le cas dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE.
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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O Estado do Par, cujo litoral se estende do Cabo do Norte foz do rio Gurupi, representa o principal plo pesqueiro da regio. Dentre as espcies de importncia econmica no estado, destaca-se a pescada amarela Cynoscion acoupa e serra Scomberomorus brasiliensis, capturadas principalmente nos municpios de Augusto Corra, Bragana, Curu, So Caetano de Odivelas, So Joo de Pirabas e Vigia. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de descrever estes sistemas pesqueiros segundo as dimenses sociais, tecnolgicas, econmicas e ecolgicos visando estabelecer linhas de ao que auxiliem na estruturao de um plano de manejo que garanta a sustentabilidade das pescarias. Para descrever os sistemas de pesca, uma lista de 45 atributos, na forma de valores numricos absolutos ou porcentagens, classificados de acordo com cada dimenso supracitada. Um estudo mais aprofundado (Estudo de Caso) foi efetuado em Bragana, para ambos sistemas. Anlise multivariada de agrupamento e ordenao (MDS), comparando os sistemas pesqueiros e considerando os diferentes municpios, foram aplicadas, visando identificar os agrupamentos e as possveis causas da semelhana entre os sistemas de pesca por municpio. A anlise dos sistemas da pescada amarela e serra juntas, mostraram a formao de dois grupos. Quando analisados por dimenso separadamente, registrou-se similaridade entre ambos os sistemas nas dimenses social e ecolgica. Com relao s dimenses tecnolgica e econmica notou-se que os municpios de Bragana e Vigia (sistema pescada amarela) destacaram-se, sobretudo pelas embarcaes utilizadas, tamanho das redes de pesca, produo por pescaria e lucro lquido obtido nas pescarias. Para a serra registrou-se, entre os municpios do sistema, a predominncia de barcos de pequeno porte nas capturas. O estudo de caso em Bragana indicou que apesar da importncia do grude (bexiga natatria) na cadeia de comercializao da pescada amarela, com elevado valor de comercializao, a venda da carne constituiu a principal fonte de lucro lquido. O estudo de caso da serra revelou que as suas pescarias em Bragana ocorreram em trs reas distintas: costa do Amap, costa de Salinas e costa de Bragana. Considerando o exposto, pressupe-se que um plano de manejo no mbito social deve prover aes em prol da cidadania, sade, educao, emprego e capacitao. Numa abordagem ecolgica, considerando que ambos os estoques se encontram no limite mximo sustentvel, medidas de manejo devem ser implementadas. Finalmente, com relao aos aspectos tecnolgicos e econmicos observou-se que as pescarias em Bragana e Vigia foram visualmente sustentveis. Entretanto, os acentuados aumentos nas capturas com evidentes tendncias de queda na produo, devem ser observados com cautela no que diz respeito liberao de novos financiamentos.
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Harmony is one of the main objectives in surgical and orthodontic treatment and this harmony must be present in the smile, as well as in the face. The aim of the present study was to assess the perceptions of professionals and laypersons in relation to the harmony of the smile of patients with or without vertical maxillary alterations. Sixty observers (oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons) reported the degree of harmony of six smiles using an objective questionnaire and the participants indicated if there was a need for corrective surgery or not. The classification of observers was recorded on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. Mixed regression was used to determine differences between the three groups. Statistically significant differences were found only for the harmony of the smile between the oral and maxillofacial surgeons and laypersons, with laypersons being more critical when assessing the smile. There was no statistical difference between the other groups for the harmony of the smile or the indication of corrective surgery. The patterns of greater or lesser harmony determined by observers during the smile were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning. Laypersons had a tendency to be more critical in relation to facial harmony than surgeons, although no statistical differences were found in the other groups in relation to the harmony of the smile or indication for the corrective surgery. In addition, the patterns of greater or lesser harmony of the smile determined by the participants were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning. Overall, the present study demonstrates that adequate interaction between surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons is essential in order to achieve facial harmony with orthodontic and/or surgical treatment. Opinion of specialists and laypersons about the smile in relation to the vertical positioning of the maxilla.
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Aging is considered one of the main predisposing factors for the development of prostate malignancies. Angiogenesis is fundamental for tumor growth and its inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. Thus, we sought to determine angiogenic responses and the effects of antiangiogenic therapy in the mouse prostate during late life, comparing these findings with the prostatic microenvironment in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model. Male mice (52 week-old FVB) were submitted to treatments with SU5416 (6mg/kg; i.p.) and/or TNP-470 (15mg/kg;s.c.). Finasteride was administered (20mg/kg;s.c.), alone or in association to both inhibitors. The dorsolateral prostate was collected for VEGF, HIF-1, FGF-2 and endostatin immunohistochemical and Western Blotting analyses and for microvessel density (MVD) count. Senescence led to increased MVD and VEGF, HIF-1 and FGF-2 protein levels in the prostatic microenvironment, similarly to what was observed in TRAMP mice prostate. The angiogenic process was impaired in all the treated groups, demonstrating significantly decreased MVD. Antiangiogenic and/or finasteride treatments resulted in decreased VEGF and HIF-1 levels, especially following TNP-470 administration, either alone or associated to SU5416. The combination of these agents resulted in increased endostatin levels, regardless of the presence of finasteride. Prostatic angiogenesis stimulation during senescence favored the development of neoplastic lesions, considering the pro-angiogenic microenvironment as a common aspect also observed during cancer progression in TRAMP mice. The combined antiangiogenic therapy was more efficient, leading to enhanced imbalance towards angiogenic inhibition in the organ. Finally, finasteride administration might secondarily upregulate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, pointing to the harmful effects of this therapy. Prostate 75: 484-499, 2015. 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between malocclusion and self-perception of oral appearance/function, in 12/15-year-old Brazilian adolescents. The cluster sample consisted of 717 teenagers attending 24 urban public (n=611) and 5 rural public (n=107) schools in Maring/PR. Malocclusion was measured using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), in accordance with WHO recommendations. A parental questionnaire was applied to collect information on esthetic perception level and oral variables related to oral health. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Multiple logistic regression confirmed that for 12-year-old, missing teeth (OR=2.865) and presence of openbite (open occlusal relationship) (OR=2.865) were risk indicators for speech capability. With regard to 15-year-old, presence of mandibular overjet (horizontal overlap) (OR=4.016) was a risk indicator for speech capability and molar relationship (OR=1.661) was a risk indicator for chewing capability. The impact of malocclusion on adolescents' life was confirmed in this study. Speech and chewing capability were associated with orthodontic deviations, which should be taken into consideration in oral health planning, to identify risk groups and improve community health services.
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This study investigated whether there is a direct correlation between the level of vertical misfit at the abutment/implant interface and torque losses (detorque) in abutment screws. A work model was obtained from a metal matrix with five 3.75 x 9 mm external hex implants with standard platform (4.1 mm). Four frameworks were waxed using UCLA type abutments and one-piece cast in commercially pure titanium. The misfit was analyzed with a comparator microscope after 20 Ncm torque. The highest value of misfit observed per abutment was used. The torque required to loose the screw was evaluated using a digital torque meter. The torque loss values, measured by the torque meter, were assumed as percentage of initial torque (100%) given to abutment screws. Pearson's correlation (α=0.05) between the misfit values (29.08 8.78 m) and the percentage of detorque (50.71 11.37%) showed no statistically significant correlation (p=0.295). Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that great vertical misfits dot not necessarily implies in higher detorque values.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate children's respiratory patterns in the mixed dentition, by means of acoustic rhinometry, and its relation to the upper arch width development. Fifty patients were examined, 25 females and 25 males with mean age of eight years and seven months. All of them were submitted to acoustic rhinometry and upper and lower arch impressions to obtain plaster models. The upper arch analysis was accomplished by measuring the interdental transverse distance of the upper teeth, deciduous canines (measurement 1), deciduous first molars (measurement 2), deciduous second molars (measurement 3) and the first molars (measurement 4). The results showed that an increased left nasal cavity area in females means an increased interdental distance of the deciduous first molars and deciduous second molars and an increased interdental distance of the deciduous canines, deciduous first and second molars in males. It was concluded that there is a correlation between the nasal cavity area and the upper arch transverse distance in the anterior and mid maxillary regions for both genders.
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Breast weight has great economic importance in poultry industry, and may be associated with other variables. This work aimed to estimate phenotypic correlations between performance (live body weight at 7 and 28 days, and at slaughter, and depth of the breast muscle measured by ultrasonography), carcass (eviscerated body weight and leg weight) and body composition (heart, liver and abdominal fat weight) traits in a broiler line, and quantify the direct and indirect influence of these traits on breast weight. Path analysis was used by expanding the matrix of partial correlation in coefficients which give the direct influence of one trait on another, regardless the effect of the other traits. The simultaneous maintenance of live body weight at slaughter and eviscerated body weight in the matrix of correlations might be harmful for statistical analysis involving systems of normal equations, like path analysis, due to the observed multicollinearity. The live body weight at slaughter and the depth of the breast muscle as measured by ultrasonography directly affected breast weight and were identified as the most responsible factors for the magnitude of the correlation coefficients obtained between the studied traits and breast weight. Individual pre-selection for these traits could favor an increased breast weight in the future reproducer candidates of this line if the broilers' environmental conditions and housing are maintained, since the live body weight at slaughter and the depth of breast muscle measured by ultrasonography were directly related to breast weight.
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Realizou-se um estudo do tipo caso-controle de base hospitalar no Municpio de Joo Pessoa, Paraba, Brasil. Participaram 183 indivduos (89 casos e 94 controles) na faixa etria entre 30 e 80 anos, com pareamento por idade. O consumo alimentar de casos e controles foi avaliado por alimentos e grupos de alimentos categorizados em tercis de consumo. A estimativa dos valores da odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiana de 95% (IC95%) foi realizada por regresso logstica mltipla no-condicional. O consumo de frutas e sucos, feijo e leite e derivados apresentou uma forte associao com a reduo no risco de cncer de mama. O consumo de carnes vermelhas e de carnes fritas esteve positivamente associado ao risco de cncer de mama (carne vermelha - OR = 4.30; IC95%: 1,74-10,67; p = 0,00). No foi observada associao entre o consumo dos grupos de vegetais e embutidos com o cncer de mama. Carne vermelha e carnes fritas podem ser fatores de risco, e o consumo de frutas, feijo e leite e derivados pode atuar como protetor do cncer de mama
