Improvement of open innovation processes: case Nokia

Open innovation is becoming increasingly popular in academic literature and in business life, but even if people heard about it, they might not understand what it really is, they may over-estimate it thinking that it is savior or underestimate it, concentrating on limitations and risks. Current work sheds light on most important concepts of open innovation theory. Goal of current research is to offer business processes improvement for both inbound and outbound modes in case company. It is relevant as open innovation proved to affect firms‘ performance in general case and in case company, and Nokia planned to develop open innovation implementation since 2008 but still competitors succeed in it more, therefore analysis of current situation with open innovation in Nokia and recommendations how to improve it are topical. Case study method was used to answer the question ―How open innovation processes can be improved?‖. 11 in-depth interviews with Nokia senior managers and independent consultants were used to reach the goal of the thesis, as well as secondary sources. Results of current work are as-is and to-be models (process models of today and best practices models) of several open innovation modes, and recommendation for case company, which will be presented to company representatives and checked for practical applicability.

Melhoria do processo produtivo da Schmitt+Sohn Elevadores - Porto

Este projeto teve como objetivo a utilização de ferramentas e conceitos Lean, para análise e implementação da Melhoria de Processos em ambiente fabril, com o intuito de melhorar o sistema produtivo em algumas secções da empresa SCHMITT+SOHN Elevadores. Pretende-se nesta primeira fase uma melhoria na comunicação entre os vários setores fabris, assim como uma melhoria no fluxo dos materiais. Pretende-se igualmente uma simplificação das ações dos operadores nos seus locais de trabalho. Foi para isso necessário, numa fase inicial, a recolha e análise dos diversos dados necessários ao trabalho proposto. Foram feitos diversos VSM’s e análises de fluxo em duas secções da empresa, com o intuito de estudar a situação atual e posteriormente proceder à implementação de um sistema Kanban. Foram também analisados problemas a nível de stocks e armazenamento de matéria-prima e materiais diversos tendo sido concretizadas diversas soluções. O trabalho que apresentamos foi fortemente condicionado por imperativos ditados pela empresa, tendo o nosso estudo e aplicações praticas um suporte de apenas 3 meses. No restante período estivemos condicionados pela empresa a trabalhos de conhecimento do funcionamento da mesma, formação em Kaizen e preparação para as implementações de VSM e Kanban. Nesta fase é ainda prematura a validação dos resultados obtidos nas secções, visto que o processo para a implementação do sistema Kanban ainda se encontra em fase de desenvolvimento.

Gestão de Componentes em Dinâmico

A crescente evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, aliadas ao desenvolvimento industrial, proporcionou um aumento de competitividade entre as indústrias, originando uma subida do nível da relação qualidade preço. Esta premissa causou uma maior preocupação com a procura contínua pela melhoria dos processos, de forma a aumentar as actividades de valor acrescentado, eliminando todo o tipo de desperdícios. Nesta conjuntura, a Grohe Portugal Componentes Sanitários, Lda propôs uma melhoria no âmbito da gestão de stocks de componentes existentes em dinâmico. Esta acção de melhoria passa pela definição e implementação de um método de gestão destes componentes, acompanhado por um conjunto de regras de identificação de actividades e respectivos intervenientes, por forma a optimizar os meios existentes e evitar a ocorrência de falhas de componentes nas linhas. Trata-se de um método baseado no cálculo das necessidades das linhas, que através da procura média semanal e constituição dos produtos finais define um nível de prioridade entre os componentes, identificando quais os mais requisitados pelas linhas e possibilitando a gestão do dinâmico. Na contínua tentativa de combater possíveis falhas, desenvolveu-se um sistema de gestão do tipo Kanban com a capacidade de gerir o produto semi-acabado para consumo interno. Foram, ainda, criadas melhorias que permitem um acréscimo de eficiência na gestão dos componentes em estante dinâmica, diminuindo o capital imobilizado investido em stocks, levando a um rearranjo de layouts, proporcionando melhores condições de trabalho e optimizando percursos e recursos. Descreve-se detalhadamente o processo de (i) actualização, definição e implementação do método de gestão de componentes em dinâmico, acompanhado pelo respectivo conjunto de regras, (ii) a implementação de um sistema do tipo Kanban orientado às reais preocupações da empresa, (iii) a redefinição de layouts em conformidade com a actualização dos dinâmicos e (iv) a identificação e execução de um conjunto de melhorias. Todas estas actividades acompanhadas pelo impacto financeiro na organização. Por fim, efectua-se o balanço deste projecto e sugerem-se oportunidades de melhoria.

Desperdício de medicamentos em ambiente hospitalar : identificação dos pontos críticos no circuito, impacto no consumo de recursos e estratégias de controlo

RESUMO - Numa época de constrangimento orçamental, os hospitais do SNS vêm-se na obrigação de melhorar a eficiência de utilização dos recursos disponíveis, por forma a contribuir para o seu equilíbrio financeiro. Cabe a cada prestador analisar a sua posição, avaliar as suas oportunidades e adoptar estratégias que a curto, médio ou longo prazo se traduzam numa efetiva melhoria na eficiência. A análise e o controlo do desperdício associado à prestação de cuidados de saúde apresentam-se, globalmente, como uma dessas oportunidades. Neste trabalho são exploradas oportunidades de redução de desperdício em medicamentos, numa perspectiva meramente operacional, a nível das funções desempenhadas pelos Serviços Farmacêuticos (SF). No hospital em estudo acompanhou-se as diferentes linhas de produção dos SF, nomeadamente as tarefas envolvidas no processo de Distribuição Individual Diária em Dose Unitária, na distribuição de medicamentos para o Serviço de Urgências (SU) e na preparação de citotóxicos e imunomoduladores para o Hospital de Dia de Oncologia. Durante o ano de 2013, os SF devolveram aos fornecedores 0,07% e abateram 0,05% da despesa em medicamentos. A análise dos erros de medicação registados reflete o tipo de distribuição adotado para a maioria dos serviços de internamento do hospital. As melhorias encontradas a este nível passam pelo reforço de recursos humanos a desempenhar as tarefas de dispensa de medicamentos mas também pela implementação de uma cultura de registo de erros e acidentes, baseada no sistema de informação, para que se consiga quantificar o desperdício associado e agir com vista à optimização do circuito. A relação entre o método de distribuição adotado para o SU e a utilização do medicamento neste serviço foi apenas investigada para os medicamentos de registo individual de administração. Foi determinado um índice de eficiência de utilização de 67,7%, entre o dispensado e o administrado. Às discrepâncias encontradas está associado um custo de 32 229,6 € para o ano de 2013. Constatou-se também que, a nível do consumo de citotóxicos e imunomoduladores houve, durante o mês de abril de 2013, um índice de desperdício médio de 14,7%, entre o prescrito e o consumido, que se traduziu num custo do desperdício mensal de 13 070,9 €. Com base no desperdício mensal estimou-se que o desperdício anual associado à manipulação de citotóxicos e imunomoduladores deverá corresponder a 5,5% da despesa anual do serviço com estes medicamentos. Não obstante as limitações encontradas durantes o trabalho, e parte do desperdício apurado ser inevitável, demonstrou-se que o desperdício em medicamentos pode traduzir-se numa fatia não negligenciável mas controlável da despesa do hospital em estudo. No seguimento do seu conhecimento, a sua contenção pode ter um impacto na redução de despesa a curto-médio prazo, sem a necessidade de racionamento da utilização de medicamentos e sem alterar os padrões de qualidade assistencial exigidos pela tutela e pelos doentes. Por último, são apresentadas recomendações para a redução do desperdício em medicamentos, adequadas a cada uma das dimensões analisadas.

Switching components for medium voltage drives

Nowadays power drives are the essential part almost of all technological processes. Improvement of efficiency and reduction of losses require development of semiconductor switches. It has a particular meaning for the constantly growing market of renewable sources, especially for wind turbines, which demand more powerful semiconductor devices for control with growth of power. Also at present semiconductor switches are the key component in energy transmission, optimization of generation and network connection. The aim of this thesis is to make a survey of contemporary semiconductor components, showing difference in structures, advantages, disadvantages and most suitable applications. There is topical information about voltage, frequency and current limits of different switches. Study tries to compare dimensions and price of different components. Main manufacturers of semiconductor components are presented with the review of devices produced by them, and a conclusion about their availability was made. IGBT is selected as a main component in this study, because nowadays it is the most attractive component for usage in power drives, especially at the low levels of medium voltage. History of development of IGBT structure, static and dynamic characteristics are considered. Thesis tells about assemblies and connection of components and problems which can appear. One of key questions about semiconductor materials and their future development was considered. For the purpose of comparison strong and weak sides of different switches, calculation of losses of IGBT and its basic competitor – IGCT is presented. This master’s thesis makes an effort to answer the question if there are at present possibilities of accurate selection of switches for electrical drives of different rates of power and looks at future possible ways of development of semiconductor market.

Creating Value for Corporate Sustainability: Stakeholder Engagement

The thesis aims to build a coherent view and understanding of stakeholder engagement’s contribution to corporate sustainability value creation. Theory suggests that corporate sustainability relies on sustainable relationships between the firm and its multiple stakeholders. This study is qualitative and evidence is derived from integrative analysis of literature, secondary data and case study analysis. The findings from the interviews analysis supplement the framework developed as the results of the literature review. The results obtained throughout the thesis research imply that stakeholder engagement helps develop more thorough understandings of issues and alternative perspectives, which in turn facilitates the decision-making processes improvement. The improvement is also achieved through ethical analysis, by weighing the impact of firm’s decisions on all relevant groups. Therefore, clear communication and exchange of information also improve the acceptance of sustainability initiatives amongst stakeholders both in terms of building trust and managing expectations. As practical implications, this thesis presents organizational practices that can be employed by companies to support effective engagement with stakeholders. The described practices could enhance processes such as partnership and co-creation resulting in greater sustainable development.

Design of boundary-scan testing in CMOS image sensors for industrial applications: internship repor

Tests on printed circuit boards and integrated circuits are widely used in industry,resulting in reduced design time and cost of a project. The functional and connectivity tests in this type of circuits soon began to be a concern for the manufacturers, leading to research for solutions that would allow a reliable, quick, cheap and universal solution. Initially, using test schemes were based on a set of needles that was connected to inputs and outputs of the integrated circuit board (bed-of-nails), to which signals were applied, in order to verify whether the circuit was according to the specifications and could be assembled in the production line. With the development of projects, circuit miniaturization, improvement of the production processes, improvement of the materials used, as well as the increase in the number of circuits, it was necessary to search for another solution. Thus Boundary-Scan Testing was developed which operates on the border of integrated circuits and allows testing the connectivity of the input and the output ports of a circuit. The Boundary-Scan Testing method was converted into a standard, in 1990, by the IEEE organization, being known as the IEEE 1149.1 Standard. Since then a large number of manufacturers have adopted this standard in their products. This master thesis has, as main objective: the design of Boundary-Scan Testing in an image sensor in CMOS technology, analyzing the standard requirements, the process used in the prototype production, developing the design and layout of Boundary-Scan and analyzing obtained results after production. Chapter 1 presents briefly the evolution of testing procedures used in industry, developments and applications of image sensors and the motivation for the use of architecture Boundary-Scan Testing. Chapter 2 explores the fundamentals of Boundary-Scan Testing and image sensors, starting with the Boundary-Scan architecture defined in the Standard, where functional blocks are analyzed. This understanding is necessary to implement the design on an image sensor. It also explains the architecture of image sensors currently used, focusing on sensors with a large number of inputs and outputs.Chapter 3 describes the design of the Boundary-Scan implemented and starts to analyse the design and functions of the prototype, the used software, the designs and simulations of the functional blocks of the Boundary-Scan implemented. Chapter 4 presents the layout process used based on the design developed on chapter 3, describing the software used for this purpose, the planning of the layout location (floorplan) and its dimensions, the layout of individual blocks, checks in terms of layout rules, the comparison with the final design and finally the simulation. Chapter 5 describes how the functional tests were performed to verify the design compliancy with the specifications of Standard IEEE 1149.1. These tests were focused on the application of signals to input and output ports of the produced prototype. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions that were taken throughout the execution of the work.

Um estudo sobre a certificação ISO 9001 no Brasil: mapeamento de motivações, benefícios e dificuldades

This work aims to identify the main motivations and difficulties faced by Brazilian companies to obtain ISO 9001 certification. The key quality management practices that provide support to this certification and the relationship with other types of systems, such as ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) and OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Management System), were also investigated. A survey research was conducted with 191 companies. The main motivations for implementing ISO 9001 are the following: internal organization improvement, production efficiency increase, and brand reliability improvement. Employee resistance was the greatest challenge found during the implementation process. On the other hand, the main benefits identified were: quality processes improvement and increased employee awareness of quality. The results reveal that the most common quality programs and tools used are: 5S, brainstorming, and Ishikawa diagram, while the least common are SERVQUAL and QFD.

Implementação de produção enxuta em uma empresa de manutenção de equipamentos rotativos

This graduation work presents the implementation of the key concepts of lean thinking in a maintenance workshop of rotating equipment, analyzing all the administrative and workshop processes. The pursuit of quality and client satisfaction at lower costs has generated a lot of competition between organizations, which use the practices of lean manufacturing as tools for processes improvement, aiming to eliminate wastes, being this, the work objective. And, unlike a manufacturing system, where the product goes through certain stages until its conclusion, the workshop does not have a default sequence that is repeated routinely on all machines. Thus, it demonstrates a possibility of application of lean tools in a different way of the common used in the lean manufacturing

Implementation of membrane processes for improvement of the detection of food contaminants

The EM3E Master is an Education Programme supported by the European Commission, the European Membrane Society (EMS), the European Membrane House (EMH), and a large international network of industrial companies, research centres and universities (http://www.em3e.eu)

Mission-Oriented Dust Control and Surface Improvement Processes for Unpaved Roads, HR-194, 1981

Six subject areas prompted the broad field of inquiry of this mission-oriented dust control and surface improvement project for unpaved roads: • DUST--Hundreds of thousands of tons of dust are created annually by vehicles on Iowa's 70,000 miles of unpaved roads and streets. Such dust is often regarded as a nuisance by Iowa's highway engineers. • REGULATIONS--Establishment of "fugitive dust" regulations by the Iowa DEQ in 1971 has created debates, conferences, legal opinions, financial responsibilities, and limited compromises regarding "reasonable precaution" and "ordinary travel," both terms being undefined judgment factors. • THE PUBLIC--Increased awareness by the public that regulations regarding dust do in fact exist creates a discord of telephone calls, petitions, and increasing numbers of legal citations. Both engineers and politicians are frustrated into allowing either the courts or regulatory agencies to resolve what is basically a professional engineering responsibility. • COST--Economics seldom appear as a tenet of regulatory strategies, and in the case of "fugitive dust," four-way struggles often occur between the highway professions, political bodies, regulatory agencies, and the general public as to who is responsible, what can be done, how much it will cost, or why it wasn't done yesterday. • CONFUSION--The engineer lacks authority, and guidelines and specifications to design and construct a low-cost surf acing system are nebulous, i.e., construct something between the present crushed stone/gravel surface and a high-type pavement. • SOLUTION--The engineer must demonstrate that dust control and surface improvement may be engineered at a reasonable cost to the public, so that a higher degree of regulatory responsibility can be vested in engineering solutions.

Continuous improvement programs as processes for organizational learning: a case study of a company in the food products industry

This article intends to show the relationships between quality practices and the process of organizational learning. When we look at the literature about programs of continuous improvement we see that theoreticians consider that the process of organizational learning is a superior stage in the quality culture adopted by companies. To investigate this possibility, we put together a series of indicators taken from classic authors who have written about organizational learning. Adopting a multiple methodology, we applied these indicators to two plants belonging to the Nestlé food product company which have introduced continuous improvement programs over the last two years.

Knowledge intensive processes characteristics and improvement: a banking best practice example

This paper identifies characteristics of knowledge intensive processes and a method to improve their performance based on analysis of investment banking front office processes. The inability to improve these processes using standard process improvement techniques confirmed that much of the process was not codified and depended on tacit knowledge and skills. This led to the use of a semi-structured analysis of the characteristics of the processes via a questionnaire to identify knowledge intensive processes characteristics that adds to existing theory. Further work identified innovative process analysis and change techniques that could generate improvements based on an analysis of their properties and the issue drivers. An improvement methodology was developed to harness a number of techniques that were found to effective in resolving the issue drivers and improving these knowledge intensive processes.