995 resultados para Poisson, Processos de
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A kinetic model is derived to study the successive movements of particles, described by a Poisson process, as well as their generation. The irreversible thermodynamics of this system is also studied from the kinetic model. This makes it possible to evaluate the differences between thermodynamical quantities computed exactly and up to second-order. Such differences determine the range of validity of the second-order approximation to extended irreversible thermodynamics
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In this paper we study one-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equation when the noise is driven by a Brownian motion and an independent Poisson point process when the solution is forced to stay above a right continuous left-hand limited obstacle. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution by using a penalization method combined with a monotonic limit theorem.
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Daily precipitation is recorded as the total amount of water collected by a rain-gauge in 24h. Events are modelled as a Poisson process and the 24h precipitation by a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) of excesses. Hazard assessment is complete when estimates of the Poisson rate and the distribution parameters, together with a measure of their uncertainty, are obtained. The shape parameter of the GPD determines the support of the variable: Weibull domain of attraction (DA) corresponds to finite support variables, as should be for natural phenomena. However, Fréchet DA has been reported for daily precipitation, which implies an infinite support and a heavy-tailed distribution. We use the fact that a log-scale is better suited to the type of variable analyzed to overcome this inconsistency, thus showing that using the appropriate natural scale can be extremely important for proper hazard assessment. The approach is illustrated with precipitation data from the Eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula affected by severe convective precipitation. The estimation is carried out by using Bayesian techniques
Resumo:
Daily precipitation is recorded as the total amount of water collected by a rain-gauge in 24 h. Events are modelled as a Poisson process and the 24 h precipitation by a Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) of excesses. Hazard assessment is complete when estimates of the Poisson rate and the distribution parameters, together with a measure of their uncertainty, are obtained. The shape parameter of the GPD determines the support of the variable: Weibull domain of attraction (DA) corresponds to finite support variables as should be for natural phenomena. However, Fréchet DA has been reported for daily precipitation, which implies an infinite support and a heavy-tailed distribution. Bayesian techniques are used to estimate the parameters. The approach is illustrated with precipitation data from the Eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula affected by severe convective precipitation. The estimated GPD is mainly in the Fréchet DA, something incompatible with the common sense assumption of that precipitation is a bounded phenomenon. The bounded character of precipitation is then taken as a priori hypothesis. Consistency of this hypothesis with the data is checked in two cases: using the raw-data (in mm) and using log-transformed data. As expected, a Bayesian model checking clearly rejects the model in the raw-data case. However, log-transformed data seem to be consistent with the model. This fact may be due to the adequacy of the log-scale to represent positive measurements for which differences are better relative than absolute
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Na presente dissertação foi implementado um modelo para execução de hedging de mínima variância de opções de compra européias em mercados incompletos, considerando um espaço de tempo discreto e contínuo de estados. O desempenho foi medido de forma comparativa tomando como base a popular estratégia delta-hedging em um grande número de simulações, a partir de cenários definidos com o objetivo de submeter o modelo a diversas situações. A trajetória do preço do ativo objeto foi representada por um processo de difusão com saltos, composto por duas parcelas: (i) um processo de Wiener, cuja principal característica é ser uma função contínua e diferenciável em todos os pontos, e (ii) por um processo de Poisson, responsável por inserir descontinuidades na trajetória.
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A maioria dos métodos de síntese e sintonia de controladores, bem como métodos de otimização e análise de processos necessitam de um modelo do processo em estudo. A identificação de processos é portanto uma área de grande importância para a engenharia em geral pois permite a obtenção de modelos empíricos dos processos com que nos deparamos de uma forma simples e rápida. Mesmo não utilizando leis da natureza, os modelos empíricos são úteis pois descrevem o comportamento específico de determinado processo. Com o rápido desenvolvimento dos computadores digitais e sua larga aplicação nos sistemas de controle em geral, a identificação de modelos discretos foi amplamente desenvolvida e empregada, entretanto, modelos discretos não são de fácil interpretação como os modelos contínuos pois a maioria dos sistema com que lidamos são de representação contínua. A identificação de modelos contínuos é portanto útil na medida que gera modelos de compreensão mais simples. A presente dissertação estuda a identificação de modelos lineares contínuos a partir de dados amostrados discretamente. O método estudado é o chamado método dos momentos de Poisson. Este método se baseia em uma transformação linear que quando aplicada a uma equação diferencial ordinária linear a transforma em uma equação algébrica evitando com isso a necessidade do cálculo das derivadas do sinais de entrada e saída Além da análise detalhada desse método, onde demonstramos o efeito de cada parâmetro do método de Poisson sobre o desempenho desse, foi realizado também um estudo dos problemas decorrentes da discretização de sinais contínuos, como por exemplo o efeito aliasing decorrente da utilização de tempos de amostragem muito grandes e de problemas numéricos da identificação de modelos discretos utilizando dados com tempos de amostragem muito pequenos de forma a destacar as vantagens da identificação contínua sobre a identificação discreta Também foi estudado um método para compensar a presença de offsets nos sinais de entrada e saída, método esse inédito quando se trata do método dos momentos de Poisson. Esse trabalho também comprova a equivalência entre o método dos momentos de Poisson e uma metodologia apresentada por Rolf Johansson em um artigo de 1994. Na parte final desse trabalho são apresentados métodos para a compensação de erros de modelagem devido à presença de ruído e distúrbios não medidos nos dados utilizados na identificação. Esses métodos permitem que o método dos momentos de Poisson concorra com os métodos de identificação discretos normalmente empregados como por exemplo ARMAX e Box-Jenkins.
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Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is an important and growing area in analytical chemistry, that has received little attention in academic centers devoted to the gathering of knowledge and to optimization of chemical processes. PAC is an area devoted to optimization and knowledge acquisition of chemical processes, to reducing costs and wastes and to making an important contribution to sustainable development. The main aim of this review is to present to the Brazilian community the development and state of the art of PAC, discussing concepts, analytical techniques currently employed in the industry and some applications.
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Glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes are pivotal for the normal functioning of several important biological processes. In this review we discuss the biosynthesis and the catalytic cycles of glutathione as well as the major GSH-related enzymes. We also present how glutathione and enzymes are involved in cancer and the chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods used to analyze glutathione and/or its derivatives.
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Petroleum biodegradation in reservoirs is a process caused by different microorganisms affecting many oil deposits which modifies the oil composition in a quasi-stepwise process starting from n-alkanes and isoprenoids through to diasteranes. This causes oil souring and increased viscosity, sulfur and metal content, having a direct impact on oil production and refining costs.
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Arrabidaea chica (H&B) Verlot is a plant popularly known as Pariri and this species is a known source of anthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins. This report describes an approach involving enzymatic treatment prior to extraction procedures to enhance A chica crude extract anticancer activity. Anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines in vitro using a 48 h SRB cell viability assay was performed to determine growth inhibition and cytotoxic properties. The final extraction yield without enzyme treatment was higher (24.28%) compared to the enzyme-treated material (19.03%), with an enhanced aglycones anthocyanin ratio as determined by HPLC- DAD and LC-MS with direct infusion.
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This paper discusses theoretical results of the research project Linguistic Identity and Identification: A Study of Functions of Second Language in Enunciating Subject Constitution. Non-cognitive factors that have a crucial incidence in the degree of success and ways of accomplishment of second language acquisition process are focused. A transdisciplinary perspective is adopted, mobilising categories from Discourse Analysis and Psychoanalysis. The most relevant ones are: discursive formation, intradiscourse, interdiscourse, forgetting n° 1, forgetting n° 2 (Pêcheux, 1982), identity, identification (Freud, 1966; Lacan, 1977; Nasio, 1995). Revuz s views (1991) are discussed. Her main claim is that during the process of learning a foreign language, the foundations of psychical structure, and consequently first language, are required. After examining how nomination and predication processes work in first and second languages, components of identity and identification processes are focused on, in an attempt to show how second language acquisition strategies depend on them. It is stated that methodological affairs of language teaching, learner s explicit motivation and the like are subordinated to the comprehension of deeper non-cognitive factors that determine the accomplishment of the second language acquisition process. It is also pointed out that those factors are to be approached, questioning the bipolar biological-social conception of subjectivity in the study of language acquisition and use and including in the analysis symbolic and significant dimensions of the discourse constitution process.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física