Sur les groupes du degré p et de l'ordre p(p1̲)[pi], p étant un nombre premier et [pi] un diviseur de p-1.

Videnskabsselskabet. Skrifter, M.-N. Kl., 1897, no. 9.

Periodontal treatment during pregnancy decreases the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome: a controlled clinical trial

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease during the second trimester of gestation on adverse pregnancy outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pregnant patients during the 1st and 2nd trimesters at antenatal care in a Public Health Center were divided into 2 groups: NIG - "no intervention" (n=17) or IG- "intervention" (n=16). IG patients were submitted to a non-surgical periodontal treatment performed by a single periodontist consisting of scaling and root planning (SRP), professional prophylaxis (PROPH) and oral hygiene instruction (OHI). NIG received PROPH and OHI during pregnancy and were referred for treatment after delivery. Periodontal evaluation was performed by a single trained examiner, blinded to periodontal treatment, according to probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and sulcular bleeding index (SBI) at baseline and 35 gestational weeks-28 days post-partum. Primary adverse pregnancy outcomes were preterm birth (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2.5 kg), late abortion (14-24 weeks) or abortion (<14 weeks). The results obtained were statistically evaluated according to OR, unpaired t test and paired t test at 5% signifcance level. RESULTS: No signifcant differences were observed between groups at baseline examination. Periodontal treatment resulted in stabilization of CAL and PI (p>0.05) at IG and worsening of all periodontal parameters at NIG (p<0.0001), except for PI. Signifcant differences in periodontal conditions of IG and NIG were observed at 2nd examination (p<0.001). The rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 47.05% in NIG and 6.25% in IG. Periodontal treatment during pregnancy was associated to a decreased risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes [OR=13.50; CI: 1.47-123.45; p=0.02]. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal treatment during the second trimester of gestation contributes to decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Available Phosphorus Evaluated by Three Soil Tests in a Brazilian Tropical Oxisol Treated With Gypsum

Mehlich-1, resin-HCO(3), and Pi tests were used to assess available P in an acid tropical Oxisol in Brazil treated with gypsum, which has been preferred over lime to ameliorate the Al toxicity in the subsoil. The soil was incubated in the laboratory at rates up to 75 g kg(-1) of phosphogypsum (PG) containing 0.3% total P, natural gypsum, or reagent-grade gypsum, and up to 100 mg P kg(-1) as triple superphosphate (TSP) or phosphate rock (PR). In the greenhouse, two consecutive maize crops were grown on the soil treated with 50 mg P kg(-1) of TSP and PG rates up to 75 g kg(-1). The results of the incubation study showed that Mehlich-P and Pi-P increased with increasing PG rate for the treatments of TSP, PR, and control. Resin-HCO(3) underestimated available P from TSP and PR because of the reaction between resin-HCO(3) and gypsum. Mehlich-1 overestimated available P from PR compared with TSP because of an excessive dissolution of PR by the strongly acidic Mehlich-1. Pi underestimated available P from PR in the treatments of natural and reagent-grade gypsum because of Ca common-ion effect from gypsum on depressing PR dissolution. The results in terms of the effect of PG on available P are similar in both incubation and greenhouse studies. Both Mehlich-P and Pi-P correlated well with P uptake by maize, whereas resin-P did not.

Freqüência cardíaca fetal e doplervelocimetria das artérias umbilicais entre a 18ª e a 20ª semana de gestação em pacientes com diabete melito pré-gestacional

OBJETIVOS: analisar a freqüência cardíaca fetal (FCF) e parâmetros doplervelocimétricos das artérias umbilicais em gestantes com diagnóstico de diabete melito pré-gestacional, entre a 18ª e a 20ª semana de gestação. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 28 gestantes com diabete melito pré-gestacional e 27 gestantes normais (grupo controle). O estudo é do tipo prospectivo, caso-controle e transversal. Os seguintes critérios de inclusão foram adotados: gestação única entre a 18ª e a 20ª semana, ausência de outras doenças maternas associadas e ausência de anomalias fetais. A ultra-sonografia foi realizada no período gestacional proposto e a FCF foi calculada a partir dos intervalos entre o início de dois ciclos cardíacos consecutivos, em três sonogramas obtidos pela doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical, avaliada na porção do cordão umbilical próxima à sua inserção na placenta, utilizando-se o mapeamento colorido do fluxo. Em cada traçado de sonograma foram obtidas cinco medidas consecutivas da FCF a partir do início de cada sístole. A média e a variação da FCF foram utilizadas para análise. Foram calculados os seguintes índices doplervelocimétricos: relação A/B (sístole/diástole), índice de pulsatilidade (PI) e índice de resistência (RI). O teste t de Student e o teste de Mann-Whitney U foram utilizados para a análise estatística, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as médias da FCF entre os grupos estudados (grupo diabéticas: 149,2 bpm e grupo controle: 147,2 bpm; p=0,12). A variação da FCF foi semelhante entre os grupos (grupo diabéticas: 5,3 bpm; grupo controle 5,3 bpm; p=0,5). Não foi constatada diferença significativa em relação aos índices doplervelocimétricos: A/B (p=0,79), PI (p=0,25) e RI (p=0,71). CONCLUSÕES: a inexistência de diferenças nas características da FCF entre a 18ª e a 20ª semana indica que fetos de mães diabéticas apresentam, nesse período, maturação neurológica dos sistemas reguladores da FCF semelhante ao grupo controle. Não foram detectadas anormalidades na resistência ao fluxo útero-placentário nesse período, em gestações complicadas pelo diabete melito pré-gestacional.

Experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits: lesion progression

The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of lesions in different stages of osteoarthritis (OA) experimental by radiography (RX), computed tomography (CT), macroscopic and histopathology, linking these different diagnostic methods, helped to provide information that helps the best time for the therapeutic approach. Four experimental periods were delineated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after induction of OA, known as PI, PII, PIII and PIV, respectively, each with six animals. We evaluated the five compartments of the femorotibial joint: medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral femoral condyle (LFC), medial tibial plateau (MTP), lateral tibial plateau (LTP) and femoral trochlea (FT). Therefore we established an index by compartment (IC) and by adding such an index was estimated joint femorotibial (IFT). It was observed that the CFM was the compartment with the highest IC also differed significantly (p<0.05) from other compartments. Compartments showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the PI and PII, however contrary fact occurred between the PII and PIII (p<0.05), PIII and PIV (p<0.01) and between PI and PIV (p<0.001). Similarly the IFT, showed a significant difference in the animals of PIV compared to PI (p<0.001), PII (p<0.001) and PIII (p<0.01), and there was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) between the PI and PII. In the variation of the average interval between periods, there was a higher value between the PIII PIV and for the other intervals of time periods (PI, PII, and PIII-PII). However, these intervals showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Through the RX, CT, macroscopic and histopathological findings, we found similar patterns among individuals within the same period demonstrating a gradual progression of the disease. These results show that between 3 and 6 weeks progression of the lesion is slower and probably also can be reversed in comparison to other ranges where proved further progression between 9 and 12 weeks after induction of trauma OA. These results may provide a better therapeutic approach aimed at reversing the lesions in early stages of OA. We conclude that the interconnection of the four diagnostic methods individually classified into scores, which were unified in both indices in the evaluation by the femorotibial joint compartment and may represent a diagnostic condition closer to the true condition of the injury and its progression.

Ética y entornos de los directivos de agencia estatal y empresa privada

Este texto es un estudio comparado entre los ámbitos de los directivos de agencia estatal y los de la empresa privada desde la ética, en el cual se expone, de modo sucinto, el elemento fiduciario que existe en ambas acciones directivas. A través del mismo, se pudo evidenciar que actualmente no existen diferencias sustanciales en términos de ámbitos de trabajo ni de relaciones en las que se desenvuelven ambas clases de directivos, pero sí en cuanto a las dimensiones en las cuales pueden surgir los dilemas éticos para cada uno.Se evitaron los juicios en torno a si el funcionario estatal es más ético que el de la empresa privada o viceversa, de tal modo que el estudio es una primera aproximación al hecho de que los retos éticos de ambos directivos, aunque diversos en algunos aspectos, son igualmente exigentes, independientemente de si el individuo que en la práctica se desempeña como directivo está o no a la altura de las circunstancias.

Dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance in vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents

This cross-sectional study determined the influence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of 119 perinatally HIV-infected Brazilian patients aged 6-19 years. Inadequate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations were observed in 81.4% of patients. High concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDI.-c) and triglycerides (TG) were found in 33.9%, 9.7% and 35.6% of patients, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in mean concentrations of TC (P=0.004), HDL-c (P=0.015) and LDL-c (P=0.028) among children (< 10 years), early adolescents (10-14 years) and late adolescents (15-19 years). Children presented the highest mean concentrations of TC and LDL-c, and patients in late adolescence presented the lowest concentrations of HDL-c. Insulin sensitivity, assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index, was diagnosed in 16.7% of patients, with a statistically higher proportion (P=0.034) of insulin-resistant children (33.3%) compared with adolescents (12.5%). There was a statistically significant association between TG concentrations and use of ART regimens containing protease inhibitors (PI) (P=0.0003). Children presented a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia compared with adolescents, suggesting that ART, especially Pls, may lead to metabolic complications. (C) 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efeitos que influenciam a taxa de prenhez de um rebanho de vacas Nelore x Hereford em ambiente subtropical

Foi desenvolvido um experimento, numa criação comercial localizada na região subtropical do Estado do Paraná, para identificar os efeitos que influenciam a taxa de prenhez de 117 vacas de corte Nelore x Hereford, com idades entre 2 e 20 anos e com diferentes frações gênicas de Nelore (25,0%; 37,5%; 50,0% e 100,0%), paridas no período de 11/08/03 a 23/12/03 e acasaladas, por monta natural, entre 10/12/03 a 12/03/04. Foram avaliados os efeitos do peso ao início do acasalamento (PI), ganho diário médio de peso durante o acasalamento (GDA), escore de condição corporal ao início do acasalamento (ECCI), data juliana de parto (DJ), altura de garupa (H), fração gênica de Nelore (FGN), ordem de parto (OP), sexo do terneiro (S), peso ao nascer (PN) e peso ao desmame ajustado (PAJ205) sobre a probabilidade de prenhez (Pi). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão logística, por meio do procedimento Logistic do pacote computacional SAS, para identificar os efeitos de cada variável na Pi. A média da taxa de prenhez foi de 43,2%. A Pi foi explicada pelas variações de ECCI (P=0,25), PI (P=0,02), GDA (P=0,09) e DJ (P=0,07). A mudança na chance de prenhez para cada acréscimo de unidade na variável regressora foi estimada com base na estatística da razão entre chances (odds ratio) dada por OR = exp(k), considerando que chance é a razão entre a probabilidade do evento ocorrer e a probabilidade do evento não ocorrer A razão entre chances foi estimada em 1,341, 1,133, 1,197 e 0,886 para ECCI, PI, GDA e DJ, respectivamente. Não foram observados efeitos significativos (P>0,30) da FGN, OP, S, PN e PAJ205 sobre a Pi. A chance das vacas conceberem esteve associada ao escore de condição corporal no início do acasalamento, sendo de 34,1% para cada 0,5 unidade de ECCI e de 19,7% para cada 0,100 kg/d na variação de peso durante o acasalamento. Além disto, vacas com partos mais cedo dentro do ano e com maiores pesos no início do acasalamento também apresentaram maiores chances de conceber, 12,9% e 13,3%, respectivamente. Portanto, para aumentar as taxas de prenhez de vacas de corte são necessárias melhorias no escore de condição corporal no início do acasalamento e no ganho de peso durante a estação de monta, ambos decorrentes de uma adequada nutrição pré e pós-parto.

Atividades educativas na rede pública de ensino: efeitos sobre a higiene oral e o nível de informação em Saúde Bucal

The contents introduction concerning the individual health cares reveals important since the school education. In this direction, the present study objectified to know an effect of Oral Health education intervention in the oral hygiene and in the schools children information level, of 4º e 5º basic education years. The study was composed by two groups, chosen of random form: control group (n = 115) and experimental group (n = 132), with 247 public net school children in total sample. The experimental group participated of some educative activities in Oral Health, with biweekly frequency, during the 4 months period, given for a surgeon-dentistry. Both the groups were submitted to a clinical examination for a previous verification of the Plaque Index (PI) and of Loe Silness Gingival Index (GI). A questionnaire with closed questions on Oral Health was applied before and after to verify the school children rightness index. After the intervention, the final data, represented for the PI, GI and Rightness Index verification, has been collected for statistical analyses through the chi-square test to a 95 % of reliable level, using the SPSS 10,0 software. The PI and GI were categorized in high and low on the initials index basis medium; already the Rightness Index was categorized in inadequate (< 50%) and adequate (≥ 50%). It was verified that the PI (p = 0,014; IC 0.24-0.86) and the GI (p = 0,013; IC 0,28-0,84) presented differences statistically significant, after the education activities, when compared to with the control, favoring the experimental group. It was verified too the experimental group got greater rightness index, presenting difference highly significant (p<0,0001; IC 3,73-26,81). It was still observed that there was no association between the oral hygiene indicators and the school children information level. Ahead the results, it can been concluded that education activities related in the school routine were capable to give positives effects in the oral hygiene control and in the information level about Oral Health, however, not necessarily, the individual with bigger information is that one who has practiced an oral hygiene more adjusted. One become necessary, however, that the education in Oral Health occurs of permanent and integrated form with others school actors, for the positive effect does not lose the student s life longterm

Efeitos da Histerectomia Total Abdominal sobre o Fluxo Sangüíneo Ovariano

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da histerectomia total abdominal (HTA) sobre o fluxo sangüíneo ovariano, em mulheres no menacme, por meio da dopplervelocimetria e ultra-sonografia transvaginal. Métodos: estudo prospectivo no qual foram incluídas 61 mulheres, com idade igual ou inferior a 40 anos. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: G1, com 31 pacientes submetidas à HTA, e G2, com 30 mulheres normais não submetidas à cirurgia. Somente foram incluídas pacientes eumenorréicas, ovulatórias, não-obesas ou fumantes, sem cirurgias ou doenças ovarianas prévias. Avaliou-se o fluxo sangüíneo das artérias ovarianas, inicialmente e aos 6 e 12 meses, pelo índice de pulsatilidade (IP) na dopplervelocimetria, e o volume ovariano pela ultra-sonografia transvaginal (US). Para análise estatística empregou-se teste t pareado, análise de perfil, teste de Friedman e teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: na comparação estatística inicial os grupos foram homogêneos quanto às características epidemiológicas e quanto aos demais parâmetros avaliados neste estudo. Nas pacientes submetidas à histerectomia, observaram-se aos 6 e 12 meses aumento do volume ovariano ao US e diminuição do IP avaliado pela dopplervelocimetria (p<0,05), quando confrontadas ao controle. Aos 12 meses, em 8 das 31 pacientes pós-HTA (25,5%) verificou-se ocorrência de cistos ovarianos de aspecto benigno. No grupo controle não houve alteração de nenhum desses parâmetros. Conclusão: a redução do IP na dopplervelocimetria das artérias ovarianas sugere aumento do fluxo sangüíneo ovariano pós-histerectomia total abdominal em mulheres no menacme.

Cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients

Background: the incidence of gingival overgrowth (GO) associated with the use of cyclosporin A (CsA) is controversial. In the present study, we determined the incidence of GO in Brazilian renal transplant patients treated with CsA and the possible associations between periodontal and pharmacological variables.Methods: the test group consisted of 20 renal transplant patients, and the control group included 20 non-transplant patients. Periodontal conditions were evaluated based on the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and the rate of gingival overgrowth, together with pharmacological variables (daily CsA dose and duration of treatment).Results: A significant difference in PI (P<0.0001) and PD (P<0.0001) was observed between groups, while GI (P=0.15) did not differ significantly. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, a significant correlation was observed not only between GI (P<0.001; r=0.8141) and GO, but also for PD (P<0.001; r=0.866) and GO. The other correlations were not statistically significant.Conclusions: We conclude that GO induced by CsA may vary according to the individual sensitivity of each patient and may or may not be correlated with other local factors (periodontal variables).

Direct observation of the strange b baryon Xi(-)(b)

We report the first direct observation of the strange b baryon Xi(-)(b)(Xi) over bar (+)(b)). We reconstruct the decay Xi(-)(b)-->J/psi Xi(-), with J/psi-->mu(+)mu(-), and Xi(-)-->Lambda pi(-)-->p pi(-)pi(-) in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. Using 1.3 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 detector, we observe 15.2 +/- 4.4(stat)(-0.4)(+1.9)(syst) Xi(-)(b) candidates at a mass of 5.774 +/- 0.011(stat) +/- 0.015(syst) GeV. The significance of the observed signal is 5.5 sigma, equivalent to a probability of 3.3 x 10(-8) of it arising from a background fluctuation. Normalizing to the decay Lambda(b)-->J/psi Lambda, we measure the relative rate sigma(Xi(-)(b))xB(Xi(-)(b)-->J/psi Xi)/ sigma(Lambda(b))xB(Lambda(b)-->J/psi Lambda) = 0.28 +/- 0.09(stat)(-0.08)(+0.09)(syst).

Interleukin 4 haplotypes of susceptibility to chronic periodontitis are associated with IL-4 protein levels but not with clinical outcomes of periodontal therapy

Different IL4 haplotypes were associated to susceptibility to/or protection against chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate if individuals carrying different haplotypes would present differences in clinical periodontal parameters and in the IL-4 levels at baseline, 45 and 90 days after non-surgical periodontal therapy. 62 patients were subdivided: genetically protected without CP (PH), genetically protected with CP (PCP), genetically susceptible with CP (SCP), genetically susceptible without CP (healthy) (SH). Clinical examination and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collection were performed for all patients, and IL-4 levels were measured by ELISA. At baseline, higher values for plaque index (PI, p = 0.013), gingival index (GI, p = 0.005) were observed for the SCP group in comparison to the PCP group but not after the completion of periodontal therapy. 45 and 90 days after the non-surgical therapy, PCP demonstrated significantly higher IL-4 levels than the SCP (p = 0.000002). Correlation analysis showed different results between clinical parameters and IL-4 production or GCF volume for groups with different genetic loads. The IL4 gene which was previously associated with susceptibility to CP was related with differences in the IL-4 protein levels in the GCF. However, independent of genetic carriage, individuals responded similarly to this therapy. © 2013 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics.

Disponibilidade de minerais, germinação e vigor de sementes de milho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da função ovariana pós histerectomia total abdominal em mulheres no menacme

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB