Pedestrian model parametric studies. Volume I. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Pedestrian model parametric studies. Volume II. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Pedestrian model parametric studies. Interim report, volume I - summary.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Pedestrian model parametric studies. Interim report, volume II - vehicle design optimization program.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

A review of pedestrian group dynamics and methodologies in modelling pedestrian group behaviours

Observations conducted by researchers revealed that the group interaction within crowds is a common phenomenon and has great influence on pedestrian behaviour. However, most research currently undertaken by various researchers failed to consider the group dynamics when developing pedestrian flow models. This paper presented a critical review of pedestrian models that incorporates group behaviour. Models reviewed in this paper are mainly created by microscopic modelling approaches such as social force, cellular automata, and agent-based method. The purpose of this literature review is to improve the understanding of group dynamics among pedestrians and highlight the need for considering group dynamics when developing pedestrian simulation models.

Modelling airport passenger group dynamics using an agent-based method

This thesis investigates the influence of passenger group dynamics on passengers' behaviour in an international airport. A simulation model is built to analyse passengers' behaviour during airport departure processes and during an emergency event. Results from the model showed that passengers' group dynamics have significant influences on the performance and utilisation of airport services. The agent-based model also provides a convenient way to investigate the effectiveness of space design and service allocations, which may contribute to the enhancement of passenger airport experiences.

Agent-based modelling and simulation of airplane boarding processes

Passenger flow simulations are an important tool for designing and managing airports. This thesis examines the different boarding strategies for the Boeing 777 and Airbus 380 aircraft in order to investigate their current performance and to determine minimum boarding times. The most optimal strategies have been discovered and new strategies that are more efficient are proposed. The methods presented offer reduced aircraft boarding times which plays an important role for reducing the overall aircraft Turn Time for an airline.

Extended model of pedestrian escalator behaviour based on data collected within a Chinese underground station

This paper presents data relating to pedestrian escalator behaviour collected in an underground station in Shanghai, China. While data was not collected under emergency or simulated emergency conditions, it is argued that the data collected under rush-hour conditions - where commuters are under time pressures to get to work on time - may be used to approximate emergency evacuation conditions - where commuters are also under time pressures to exit the building as quickly as possible. Data pertaining to escalator/stair choice, proportion of walkers to riders, walker speeds and side usage are presented. The collected data is used to refine the buildingEXODUS escalator model allowing the agents to select whether to use an escalator or neighbouring parallel stair based on congestion conditiions at the base of the stair/escalator and expected travel times. The new model, together with the collected data, is used to simulate a series of hypothetical evacuation scenarios to demonstrate the impact of escalators on evacuation performance.

DEVELOPING A MODEL FOR PEDESTRIAN ROUTE SELECTION AT COLBY

http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/atlasofmaine2006/1020/thumbnail.jpg

Developing a Model for Pedestrian Route Selection at Colby

Millions of unconscious calculations are made daily by pedestrians walking through the Colby College campus. I used ArcGIS to make a predictive spatial model that chose paths similar to those that are actually used by people on a regular basis. To make a viable model of how most travelers choose their way, I considered both the distance required and the type of traveling surface. I used an iterative process to develop a scheme for weighting travel costs which resulted in accurate least-cost paths to be predicted by ArcMap. The accuracy was confirmed when the calculated routes were compared to satellite photography and were found to overlap well-worn “shortcuts” taken between the paved paths throughout campus.

Development and test of selected model pedestrian safety regulations. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.