Message from the President of the United States, transmitting communications from the plenipotentiaries of the United States charged with negotiating peace with Great Britain

Full Title: Message from the President of the United States, transmitting communications from the plenipotentiaries of the United States charged with negotiating peace with Great Britain : showing the conditions on which alone that government is willing to put an end to the war 13th Congress, 3d session. House. Doc. 6. October 10, 1814. Referred to the Committee of Foreign Relations. Printed by Roger C. Weightman

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting copies of the instructions given to the ministers of the United States appointed to negotiate a peace with Great Britain

13th Congress, 3d session. House. Doc. no. 8. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- October 14, 1814. Read and referred to the Committee of Foreign Relations. Printed by Roger C. Weightman

Independent Chronicle Vol. XLVI No. 3470- July 14, 1814

A semi-weekly paper that was published from 1801 to 1817. It was previously called the Independent chronicle and the universal advertiser, and was later the Independent chronicle and Boston patriot (Semiweekly). Publishers were Abijah Adams and Ebenezer Rhoades. Topics of interest in this issue include: Page 1: report of Independence Day celebration including multiple toasts to the military; Page 2: report of South Carolina militia marching home; report of U.S. schooner Alligator being lost to a tornado in Port Royal; report of 10,000 militia and 2,000 regular Army troops to be used in defense of the District of Columbia and vicinity; report U.S. is to try to raise 100,000 militia for defense; news of British deserters providing information to the U.S.; report of skirmishes along the U.S. coast; statement from U.S. Navy Capt. David Porter stating he had taken possession of Sir Henry Martin's Island; report of British troops burning a militia barracks in Lewiston, N.Y.; 4 accounts of the battle of Chippewa and the taking of Fort Erie; statement from Maj. Gen. Brown in praise of his troops in the battle of Chippewa; copy of General Brown's orders to attack at Fort Erie; essay arguing against U.S. citizens boarding enemy ships; report of peace treaty rumours; Page 3: account of Capt. Porter's capture and subsequent escape from the British; list of American prisoners held on the British ship Nymph; report of British cargo ship captured by U.S. war ship; Proclamation from James Madison pardoning military deserters if they return to military service; announcement to officers and soldiers in the military offering reward for the return of military deserters; Page 4: 2 reward advertisements for return of military deserters;

El perdón y la filosofía

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar el papel que desempeña la filosofía al hacer explícita la relación existente entre incondicionalidad y condicionalidad del perdón, es decir que el único perdón que tiene sentido es aquel que perdona lo imperdonable, donde la fuerza del concepto se encuentra determinada por su incondicionalidad. Esto puede ser llamado “la fuerza teórica del concepto” y a pesar de ello se encuentra determinado por su carácter práctico, donde se busca reunir las condiciones necesarias para otorgar un “justo” perdón. Por otra parte, se busca hacer explícita la conexión existente entre el concepto de perdón y el concepto de diferencia, de modo que cada elaboración del primer concepto “devela” una forma de teorizar y aplicar el segundo. El perdón surge como un acontecimiento con múltiples dimensiones: figura religiosa, concepto filosófico, acto político; por tanto, es imposible crear un concepto único del perdón, su multidimensionalidad exige que esa construcción sea examinada desde una pluralidad de perspectivas. Además, es de resaltar que dicha multidimensionalidad genera una ganancia para la filosofía, pues nos introduce en diferentes escenarios del ejercicio filosófico, desentrañando la filosofía desde el hacer, mostrando cómo surge en otros campos, para hacerse filosofía. Es decir, a partir del perdón es posible hacer filosofía, evitando caer en una filosofía del perdón.

Análisis del papel de las fuerzas militares durante el proceso de paz entre el gobierno y las FARC-EP. Periodo 1998-2002

Colombia tiene una larga historia de conflicto armado en la que se han dado varios episodios de intento de negociación de la paz. Uno de dichos episodios es el que se desarrolló a partir de 1998 con la candidatura y presidencia de Andrés Pastrana. Durante este proceso se tomaron decisiones y se desarrollaron una serie de interacciones que afectaron el curso del proceso. Uno de los actores que de alguna manera se vieron involucrados en algunas decisiones fueron las Fuerzas Militares, quienes cumplieron un papel que ha sido poco estudiado. En este sentido, la presente monografía pretende analizar la posición exhibida por las FFMM durante el proceso de paz entre el Gobierno Nacional y las FARC-EP, entre 1998 y 2002.

Análisis de las transformaciones del discurso de la guerra contra el terrorismo como elemento de tensión en el conflicto de Mindanao. Periodo 1995-2005

El objetivo de este estudio de caso es determinar como el discurso de la guerra contra el terrorismo promovido por los EE.UU influyó el conflicto en las Filipinas en su isla de Mindanao; la cual posee la problemática de grupos secesionistas y terroristas islámicos que se les ha señalado de tener conexiones con Al Qaeda. No obstante, han existido diferentes acercamientos entre el gobierno y el Frente Moro de Liberación Islámica para encontrarle una solución al conflicto. La investigación surge con la afirmación de que sí las Filipinas optó por el discurso de la Guerra global contra el terrorismo después de los atentados del 9/11, la negociación de una solución pacífica del conflicto se vería obstaculizada por el aumento de las tensiones entre las partes por las ofensivas militares. Para reafirmar o refutar lo anterior se utilizarán diferentes tipos de evidencias.

The environmental impact of civil conflict : the deforestation effect of paramilitary expansion in Colombia

Despite a growing body of literature on how environmental degradation can fuel civil war, the reverse effect, namely that of conflict on environmental outcomes, is relatively understudied. From a theoretical point of view this effect is ambiguous, with some forces pointing to pressures for environmental degradation and some pointing in the opposite direction. Hence, the overall effect of conflict on the environment is an empirical question. We study this relationship in the case of Colombia. We combine a detailed satellite-based longitudinal dataset on forest cover across municipalities over the period 1990-2010 with a comprehensive panel of conflict-related violent actions by paramilitary militias. We first provide evidence that paramilitary activity significantly reduces the share of forest cover in a panel specification that includes municipal and time fixed effects. Then we confirm these findings by taking advantage of a quasi-experiment that provides us with an exogenous source of variation for the expansion of the paramilitary. Using the distance to the region of Urab´a, the epicenter of such expansion, we instrument paramilitary activity in each cross-section for which data on forest cover is available. As a falsification exercise, we show that the instrument ceases to be relevant after the paramilitaries largely demobilized following peace negotiations with the government. Further, after the demobilization the deforestation effect of the paramilitaries disappears. We explore a number of potential mechanisms that may explain the conflict-driven deforestation, and show evidence suggesting that paramilitary violence generates large outflows of people in order to secure areas for growing illegal crops, exploit mineral resources, and engage in extensive agriculture. In turn, these activities are associated with deforestation.

La contribución del PNUD y la OACNUDH en la formulación de una política pública integral de DD.HH. y DIH durante la primera administración de Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2014)

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la influencia de las agencias de Naciones Unidas, PNUD y OACNUDH, en la formulación de una política pública de DD.HH. y DIH en Colombia entre 2010 y 2014. Se argumenta que la cooperación internacional brindada por el PNUD y la OACNUDH, a través de su asesoría técnica, influyó determinantemente en el proceso de formulación de una política pública en materia de DD.HH y DIH durante el primer gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos. Lo anterior, permitió no solo un cambio en la forma de construir políticas públicas, sino en la manera en que se aborda la situación de DD.HH. en el país, teniendo en cuenta la coyuntura de las negociaciones de paz con las FARC.

Southern Blue Nile: Topographic Overview

The present map sheet was prepared by the Centre for Development and Environment, University of Berne, Switzerland. It was funded and supported by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. The map is released as a technical contribution to the Sudan Peace negotiations at the request of the IGAD Secretariat on Peace in the Sudan.

Letters from John Murray Forbes to William Tudor,

Seven letters in which Forbes updates Tudor on relations between the provinces and provides introductions to various Argentinian diplomats sent to Brazil. He also includes a copy of a letter in Spanish sent to him from the Argentinian minister of war and foreign relations regarding peace negotiations with Brazil along with letters to the United States legation and Tudor regarding American involvement in light of the Monroe Doctrine.

Letters from John Murray Forbes to William Tudor,

Six letters regarding ongoing civil wars in the Argentinean provinces, peace negotiations, and Forbes’ implementation of the Monroe Doctrine, as well as diplomatic discussions with the provisional government in Buenos Aires, which sought American intervention. Forbes also includes a copy of a letter he wrote to the provisional government regarding privateering.

Letters from John Murray Forbes to William Tudor,

Five letters regarding the peace negotiations between Argentinean factions. He also writes of news of the intentions of Spain to establish a "paternal government" in Mexico.

Letters from Thomas James Maling to William Tudor,

Two letters regarding peace negotiations in Buenos Aires and politics in Europe, and two letters from Maling’s wife regarding accommodations she was seeking in Lima and news regarding various sailing vessels.