Reading and writing PE-files with PERWAPI

PERWAPI is a component for reading and writing .NET PE-files. The name is a compound acronym for Program Executable – Reader/Writer – Application Programming Interface. The code was written by one of us (Diane Corney) with some contributions from some of the early users of the tool. PERWAPI is a managed component, written entirely in safe C#. The design of the writer part of the component is loosely based on Diane Corney’s previous PEAPI component. It is open source software, and is released under a “FreeBSD-like” license. The source may be downloaded from “http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/perwapi/” As of the date of this document the code has facilities for reading and writing PEfiles compatible with the latest (beta-2) release of the ”Whidbey” version of .NET, that is, the Visual Studio 2005 framework. An invocation option allows earlier versions of the framework to be targeted.

Reading and writing PE-files with PERWAPI

PERWAPI is a component for reading and writing .NET PE-files. The name is a compound acronym for Program Executable – Reader/Writer – Application Programming Interface. The code was written by one of us (Diane Corney) with some contributions from some of the early users of the tool. PERWAPI is a managed component, written entirely in safe C#. The design of the writer part of the component is loosely based on Diane Corney’s previous PEAPI component. It is open source software, and is released under a “FreeBSD-like” license. The source may be downloaded from “http://perwapi.codeplex.com”. As of the date of this document the code has facilities for reading and writing PEfiles compatible with the V2 or later frameworks.

Kuva tikkeinä kankaalla : Kokemuksia PE-design 6.0 -kirjontakuvion suunnitteluohjelman kahden automaattisen tekniikan käytettävyydestä

The aim of the thesis was to compare the correspondence of the outcome a computer assisted program appearance compared to the original image. The aspect of the study was directed to embroidery with household machines. The study was made from the usability point of view with Brother's PE-design 6.0 embroidery design programs two automatic techniques; multicoloured fragment design and multicoloured stitch surface design. The study's subject is very current because of the fast development of machine embroidery. The theory is based on history of household sewing machines, embroidery sewing machines, stitch types in household sewing machines, embroidery design programs as well as PE-design 6.0 embroidery design program's six automatic techniques. Additionally designing of embroidery designs were included: original image, digitizing, punching, applicable sewing threads as well as the connection between embroidery designs and materials used on embroidery. Correspondences of sewn appearances were examined with sewing experimental methods. 18 research samples of five original image were sewn with both techniques. Experiments were divided into four testing stages in design program. Every testing stage was followed by experimental sewing with Brother Super Galaxie 3100D embroidery machine. Experiments were reported into process files and forms made for the techniques. Research samples were analysed on images syntactic bases with sensory perception assessment. Original images and correspondence of the embroidery appearances were analysed with a form made of it. The form was divided into colour and shape assessment in five stage-similarity-scale. Based on this correspondence analysis it can be said that with both automatic techniques the best correspondence of colour and shape was achieved by changing the standard settings and using the makers own thread chart and edited original image. According to the testing made it is impossible to inform where the image editing possibilities of the images are sufficient or does the optimum correspondence need a separate program. When aiming at correspondence between appearances of two images the computer is unable to trace by itself the appearance of the original image. Processing a computer program assisted embroidery image human perception and personal decision making are unavoidable.

A constraint-led approach for PE teachers

The Game Sense coaching approach emphasises the modification of game elements or the development of modified games to achieve learning outcomes. In this article we will introduce the constraints-led approach to learning and demonstrate how the theory can underpin the design of games lessons ensuring that teachers give themselves the best chance of satisfying the skill acquisition and psychological needs of every child in PE.

High-temperature low-cycle fatigue behavior of a NIMONIC PE-16 superalloy—Correlation with deformation and fracture

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) responses of NIMONIC PE-16 for various prior microstructures and strain amplitudes have been evaluated and the fatigue behavior has been explained in terms of the operative deformation mechanisms. Total strain-controlled LCF tests were performed at 923 K on samples possessing three different prior microstructures: alloy A in solution-annealed condition (free of γ′ and carbides), alloy B with double aging treatment (spherical γ′ of 18-nm diameter and M23C6), and alloy C with another double aging treatment (γ′ of size 35 nm, MC and M23C6). All three microstructures exhibited an intial cyclic hardening followed by a period of gradual softening at 923 K. Coffin-Manson plots describing the plastic strain amplitudevs number of reversals to failure showed that alloy A had maximum fatigue life while C showed the least. Alloy B exhibited a two-slope behavior in the Coffin-Manson plot over the strain amplitudes investigated. This has been ascribed to the change in the degree of homogeneity of deformation at high and low strain amplitudes. Transmission electron microscopic studies were carried out to characterize the various deformation mechanisms and precipitation reactions occurring during fatigue testign. Fresh precipitation of fine γ′ was confirmed by the development of “mottled contrast” in alloy C. Evidence for the shearing of the ordered γ′ precipitates was revealed by the presence of superdislocations in alloy C. Repeated shearing during cyclic loading led to the reduction in the size of the γ′ and consequent softening. Coarser γ′ precipitates were associated with Orowan loops. The observed fatigue behavior has been rationalized based on the micromechanisms stated above and on the degree of homogenization of slip assessed by slipband spacing measurements on tested samples.

Effect of strain rate on the high-temperature low-cycle fatigue properties of a nimonic PE-16 superalloy

Strain-rate effects on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of a NIMONIC PE-16 superalloy have been evaluated in the temperature range of 523 to 923 K. Total-strain-controlled fatigue tests were per-formed at a strain amplitude of +/-0.6 pct on samples possessing two different prior microstructures: microstructure A, in the solution-annealed condition (free of gamma' and carbides); and microstructure B, in a double-aged condition with gamma' of 18-nm diameter and M23C6 carbides. The cyclic stress response behavior of the alloy was found to depend on the prior microstructure, testing temperature, and strain rate. A softening regime was found to be associated with shearing of ordered gamma' that were either formed during testing or present in the prior microstructure. Various manifestations of dynamic strain aging (DSA) included negative strain rate-stress response, serrations on the stress-strain hysteresis loops, and increased work-hardening rate. The calculated activation energy matched well with that for self-diffusion of Al and Ti in the matrix. Fatigue life increased with an increase in strain rate from 3 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-3) s-1, but decreased with further increases in strain rate. At 723 and 823 K and low strain rates, DSA influenced the deformation and fracture behavior of the alloy. Dynamic strain aging increased the strain localization in planar slip bands, and impingement of these bands caused internal grain-boundary cracks and reduced fatigue life. However, at 923 K and low strain rates, fatigue crack initiation and propagation were accelerated by high-temperature oxidation, and the reduced fatigue life was attributed to oxidation-fatigue interaction. Fatigue life was maximum at the intermediate strain rates, where strain localization was lower. Strain localization as a function of strain rate and temperature was quantified by optical and scanning electron microscopy and correlated with fatigue life.

The PE and PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

India already has earned the dubious distinction of being one of the countries with the highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB). The conventional control measures have had little impact on the relentless march of the TB epidemic. Potential solutions to this problem include the development of new drugs and an effective TB vaccine. In this perspective, identification of the mycobacterial components that have important role(s) in the establishment of the infection assumes crucial importance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen and it resides inside the macrophage, which is considered to be the most important component of the immune system. M. tuberculosis possesses two highly polymorphic sets of genes called the PE and PPE families. These unique families of proteins account for about 10% of the mycobacterial genome and have drawn considerable interest from different schools of M. tuberculosis researchers across the globe. In this review, we discuss the importance of these proteins in the regulation of dendritic cell and macrophage immune-effector functions, as well as the relevance of these proteins in the clinical manifestation of TB. This information may be helpful to better understand the immunological importance of PE/PPE proteins and their roles in mycobacterial virulence. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Positive temperature coefficient and structural relaxations in selectively localized MWNTs in PE/PEO blends

The dispersion state of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in melt mixed polyethylene/polyethylene oxide (PE/PEO) blends has been assessed by both surface and volume electrical conductivity measurements and the structural relaxations have been assessed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The selective localization of MWNTs in the blends was controlled by the flow characteristics of the components, which led to their localization in the energetically less favored phase (PE). The electrical conductivity and positive temperature co-efficient (PTC) measurements were carried out on hot pressed samples. The neat blends exhibited only a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effect while the blends with MWNTs exhibited both a PTC and a NTC at the melting temperatures of PE and PEO respectively. These phenomenal changes were corroborated with the different crystalline morphology in the blends. It was deduced that during compression molding, the more viscous PEO phase spreads less in contrast to the less viscous PE phase. This has further resulted in a gradient in morphology as well as the distribution state of the MWNTs in the samples and was supported by scanning electron and scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) studies and contact angle measurements. SAM from different depths of the samples revealed a gradient in the microstructure in the PE/PEO blends which is contingent upon the flow characteristics of the components. Interestingly, the surface and volume electrical conductivity was different due to the different dispersion state of the MWNTs at the surface and bulk. The observed surface and volume electrical conductivity measurements were corroborated with the evolved morphology during processing. The structural relaxations in both PE and PEO were discerned from broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The segmental dynamics below and above the melting temperature of PEO were significantly different in the presence of MWNTs.

PE/PEO blends compatibilized by PE brush immobilized on MWNTs: improved interfacial and structural properties

Polyolefin based blends have tremendous commercial importance in view of their exceptional properties. In this study the interface of a biphasic polymer blend of PE (polyethylene) and PEO (polyethylene oxide) has been tailored to reduce the interfacial tension between the phases and to render finer morphology. This was accomplished by employing various strategies like addition of maleated PE (PE grafted maleic anhydride), immobilizing PE chains, ex situ, onto MWNTs by covalent grafting, and in situ grafting of PE chains onto MWNTs during melt processing. Multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs) with different surface functional groups have been synthesized either a priori or were facilitated during melt mixing at higher temperature. NH2 terminated MWNTs were synthesized by grafting ethylene diamine (EDA) onto carboxyl functionalized carbon nanotubes (COOH(MWNTs) and further, was used to reactively couple with maleated PE to immobilize PE chains on the surface of MWNTs. The covalent coupling of maleated PE with NH2 terminated MWNTs was also realized in situ in the melt extruder at high temperature. Both NH2 terminated MWNTs and the in situ formed PE brush on MWNTs during melt mixing, revealed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the blend besides remarkably improving the dispersion of the minor phase (PEO) in the blends. Structural properties of the composites were evaluated and the tensile fractured morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy.

Polyolefin based antibacterial membranes derived from PE/PEO blends compatibilized with amine terminated graphene oxide and maleated PE

In this study, various strategies like amine terminated GO (GO-NH2), in situ formed polyethylene grafted GO (PE-g-GO) and their combinations with maleated PE (maleic anhydride grafted PE) were adopted to reactively compatibilize blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). These blends were further explored to design porous, antibacterial membranes for separation technology and the flux and the resistance across the membranes were studied systematically. It was observed that GO-NH2 led to uniform dispersion of PEO in a PE matrix and further resulted in a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the blends when combined with maleated PE. The efficiency of various compatibilizers was further studied by monitoring the evolution of morphology as a function of the annealing time. It was observed that besides rendering uniform dispersion of PEO in PE and improving the mechanical properties, GO-NH2 further suppresses the coalescence in the blends. As the melt viscosities of the phases differ significantly, there is a gradient in the morphology as also manifested from scanning acoustic microscopy. Hence, the membranes were designed by systematically reducing the thickness of the as-pressed samples to expose the core as the active area for flux calculations. Selected membranes were also tested for their antibacterial properties by inoculating E. coli culture with the membranes and imaging at different time scales. This study opens new avenues to develop PE based cost effective anti-microbial membranes for water purification.

Polyolefin based antibacterial membranes derived from PE/PEO blends compatibilized with amine terminated graphene oxide and maleated PE

In this study, various strategies like amine terminated GO (GO-NH2), in situ formed polyethylene grafted GO (PE-g-GO) and their combinations with maleated PE (maleic anhydride grafted PE) were adopted to reactively compatibilize blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). These blends were further explored to design porous, antibacterial membranes for separation technology and the flux and the resistance across the membranes were studied systematically. It was observed that GO-NH2 led to uniform dispersion of PEO in a PE matrix and further resulted in a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the blends when combined with maleated PE. The efficiency of various compatibilizers was further studied by monitoring the evolution of morphology as a function of the annealing time. It was observed that besides rendering uniform dispersion of PEO in PE and improving the mechanical properties, GO-NH2 further suppresses the coalescence in the blends. As the melt viscosities of the phases differ significantly, there is a gradient in the morphology as also manifested from scanning acoustic microscopy. Hence, the membranes were designed by systematically reducing the thickness of the as-pressed samples to expose the core as the active area for flux calculations. Selected membranes were also tested for their antibacterial properties by inoculating E. coli culture with the membranes and imaging at different time scales. This study opens new avenues to develop PE based cost effective anti-microbial membranes for water purification.

Bilboko La Pe??a auzoko pilotalekuaren erabilerarako pilota eskola proiektua

Bilboko La Pe??a auzoko pilotalekuaren erabilerarako pilota eskola proiektua

Desigualdades sociais nas concepções dos professores e estudantes do PROEJA no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano - Campus Petrolina-PE

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no IFSERTÃO - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano a respeito das desigualdades sociais nas concepções dos professores e estudantes do PROEJA. Teve como objetivo analisar e compreender os sentidos produzidos pelos sujeitos da pesquisa sobre as desigualdades sociais e suas perspectivas de superação, considerando seu histórico e seus aspectos atuais. Foi organizado epistemologicamente numa abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa a partir do ponto de vista metodológico do estudo de caso do tipo descritivo e analítico com entrevistas e análise do documento Base do Programa institucionalizado pelo MEC, buscando identificar as aproximações ou distanciamentos entre as concepções dos entrevistados com a proposta do material institucional no que diz respeito às perspectivas de superação das desigualdades no contexto da EJA. O problema da pesquisa foi formulado mediante o seguinte questionamento: Como as desigualdades sociais se apresentam nas concepções dos professores e estudantes do programa e quais suas perspectivas de superação? Para estudo do problema, procedeu-se à imersão no campo empírico da pesquisa com abordagens e utilização de um roteiro de entrevistas previamente formulado, incluiu-se a leitura flutuante do material coletado e as vozes dos entrevistados foram gravadas, transcritas, lidas e analisadas, buscando a captação do sentido atribuído pelos sujeitos a respeito das desigualdades sociais. Mediante essa trajetória, identificou-se, nas concepções dos sujeitos da pesquisa, que o trabalho se apresenta como centralidade no que se refere às manifestações das desigualdades sociais no contexto da EJA/PROEJA, bem como suas diferentes feições na lógica do sistema capitalista no que se refere a educar para a empregabilidade atendendo às exigências do capital. Assim, considerando que, historicamente, a EJA é uma modalidade de ensino que vem sendo ofertada para sujeitos que tiveram seus percursos escolares interrompidos pela condição de trabalhadores, esse tema se configura como estudo de grande relevância no contexto das políticas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos trabalhadores.