A mathematical model for supermarket order picking

Order picking consists in retrieving products from storage locations to satisfy independent orders from multiple customers. It is generally recognized as one of the most significant activities in a warehouse (Koster et al, 2007). In fact, order picking accounts up to 50% (Frazelle, 2001) or even 80% (Van den Berg, 1999) of the total warehouse operating costs. The critical issue in today’s business environment is to simultaneously reduce the cost and increase the speed of order picking. In this paper, we address the order picking process in one of the Portuguese largest companies in the grocery business. This problem was proposed at the 92nd European Study Group with Industry (ESGI92). In this setting, each operator steers a trolley on the shop floor in order to select items for multiple customers. The objective is to improve their grocery e-commerce and bring it up to the level of the best international practices. In particular, the company wants to improve the routing tasks in order to decrease distances. For this purpose, a mathematical model for a faster open shop picking was developed. In this paper, we describe the problem, our proposed solution as well as some preliminary results and conclusions.

Análise e melhoria do processo de order-picking num sistema produtivo: caso de estudo

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Reliability of evaluations for the choice of system solutions at the example of automated order-picking systems for bagged goods

There is a steadily increasing pressure on cost-savings and productivity growth in sectors of order-picking such that the wish for rationalization by automation is rising. Special problems are faced trying to automatize handling operations of order-picking articles packed in bags. The mechanical properties of the objects and their hard-to-predict shape and position represent obstacles and are complicating handling operations. A systematic approach in system design is required. This article deals with the properties of such products under aspects of difficulties arising in automated handling and points out a useful system development methodology.

Metaheuristics for the Order Batching Problem in Manual Order Picking Systems

In manual order picking systems, order pickers walk or drive through a distribution warehouse in order to collect items which are requested by (internal or external) customers. In order to perform these operations efficiently, it is usually required that customer orders are combined into (more substantial) picking orders of limited size. The Order Batching Problem considered in this paper deals with the question of how a given set of customer orders should be combined such that the total length of all tours is minimized which are necessary to collect all items. The authors introduce two metaheuristic approaches for the solution of this problem: the first one is based on Iterated Local Search; the second on Ant Colony Optimization. In a series of extensive numerical experiments, the newly developed approaches are benchmarked against classic solution methods. It is demonstrated that the proposed methods are not only superior to existing methods but provide solutions which may allow distribution warehouses to be operated significantly more efficiently.

Comparison of performance measurement-systems used for order-picking

In consequence of rapidly changing market demands companies are permanently encouraged to review their own processes and structures and to modify them. Being one of these developments, order-picking is involved as part of an intra-logistics system. But to take appropriate actions, system performance and system costs have to be measured permanently. Concerning this the use of performance measurement-systems as further development of traditional systems of key figures is suitable. In this paper various performance measurement-systems are compared and their suitability for an implementation in order-picking systems is estimated. On the basis of the result of the evaluation a first concept of a performance measurement-system for order-picking will be developed by using typical key figures that are mentioned in academic literature. Finally, hints for a necessary detailed implementation and evaluation in practice will be given.

Learning Curves of Temporary Workers in Manual Order Picking Activities

Person-to-stock order picking is highly flexible and requires minimal investment costs in comparison to automated picking solutions. For these reasons, tradi-tional picking is widespread in distribution and production logistics. Due to its typically large proportion of manual activities, picking causes the highest operative personnel costs of all intralogistics process. The required personnel capacity in picking varies short- and mid-term due to capacity requirement fluctuations. These dynamics are often balanced by employing minimal permanent staff and using seasonal help when needed. The resulting high personnel fluctuation necessitates the frequent training of new pickers, which, in combination with in-creasingly complex work contents, highlights the im-portance of learning processes in picking. In industrial settings, learning is often quantified based on diminishing processing time and cost requirements with increasing experience. The best-known industrial learning curve models include those from Wright, de Jong, Baloff and Crossman, which are typically applied to the learning effects of an entire work crew rather than of individuals. These models have been validated in largely static work environments with homogeneous work contents. Little is known of learning effects in picking systems. Here, work contents are heterogeneous and individual work strategies vary among employees. A mix of temporary and steady employees with varying degrees of experience necessitates the observation of individual learning curves. In this paper, the individual picking performance development of temporary employees is analyzed and compared to that of steady employees in the same working environment.

An order batching and processing heuristic to address aisle congestion in a manual order picking warehouse with order due dates

A heuristic for batching orders in a manual order-picking warehouse has been developed. It prioritizes orders based on due time to prevent mixing of orders of different priority levels. The order density of aisles criterion is used to form batches. It also determines the number of pickers required and assigns batches to pickers such that there is a uniform workload per unit of time. The effectiveness of the heuristic was studied by observing computational time and aisle congestion for various numbers of total orders and number of orders that form a batch. An initial heuristic performed well for small number of orders, but for larger number of orders, a partitioning technique is computationally more efficient, needing only minutes to solve for thousands of orders, while preserving 90% of the batch quality obtained with the original heuristic. Comparative studies between the heuristic and other published heuristics are needed. ^

Otimização da atividade de picking num armazém de peças – um caso de estudo

Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica – Gestão Industrial

Materials handling in hospitals: An analysis of how the storage and materials handling system can be improved, using the example of Hospital Santa Maria

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Uma perspetiva Lean Seis Sigma na melhoria contínua de um sistema logístico de produção

A globalização da indústria leva a ambientes industriais cada vez mais competitivos em que a redução de desperdícios e melhoria dos sistemas produtivos e logísticos tornam-se fatores críticos para o sucesso e sustentabilidade de uma organização. Desta forma, a presente dissertação tem como âmbito a melhoria contínua em sistemas logísticos de produção através de uma perspetiva Lean Seis Sigma (modelo híbrido) testado e implementado na Visteon Portuguesa Lda. Neste modelo proposto serão identificadas oportunidades de melhoria no fluxo logístico de produção, no sistema de armazenamento e no processo produtivo e a sua implementação. Estas serão identificadas com base na elaboração do Value Stream Mapping (VSM) do processo produtivo do cluster B299 High. Posteriormente, serão aplicados métodos e ferramentas Lean e Seis Sigma que permitirão atingir o objetivo estipulado para cada uma. A nível do fluxo logístico de produção, foi introduzido o Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) de forma a estudar a configuração existente e as suas restrições, bem como a existência de um rearranjo na mesma que seja vantajoso para a redução do tempo despendido em transporte de materiais entre zonas da configuração. Com o intuito de minimizar o manuseamento dos materiais foi desenvolvido e proposto um novo sistema de transporte. Para a melhoria do sistema de armazenagem, foram criados armazéns distintos dependendo do tipo de material armazenado, e uma análise ABC para identificar quais os produtos com maior número de movimentações e assim, definir qual a melhor configuração das localizações nas racks. Para o abastecimento dos materiais, torna-se também necessário a conceção e implementação de um sistema order picking, tendo como objetivo a agilização do sistema de armazenagem. Por último, foi desenvolvido um estudo DMAIC para melhorar o processo produtivo, com o intuito de aumentar a performance do mesmo através da redução de scrap.

Análise e melhoria dos processos de gestão de armazém numa empresa de produtos elétricos

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Reengenharia do sistema de armazenamento duma empresa do setor da metalomecânica

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Industrial

Puheohjatun keräilyn hyödyntäminen logistiikkayrityksen keräilyn tehostamisessa

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ollut kartoittaa millä tavoin voidaan logistiikkayrityksen keräilyn tehokkuutta lisätä puheohjatun keräilyn avulla sekä pyrkiä ennustamaan kuinka suuria tehokkuuden muutoksia puheohjatun keräilynavulla voidaan saavuttaa toimeksiantajayrityksen keräilyssä. Tutkimus sisältää sekä teoreettisen että empiirisen osan. Teoreettisessa osassa tutkittiin tuottavuuden, varastoinnin ja keräilyn teoriaa kirjallisuuden ja artikkeleiden avulla. Puheohjatun keräilyn mahdollistamien tehokkuuden lisäysten suuruuden arvioimiseksi selvitettiin, minkälaisia tuloksia puheohjatun keräilyn avulla on saavutettu muissa, sitä aikaisemmin hyödyntämään siirtyneissä yrityksissä sekä millainen onollut toimeksiantajayrityksen keräilyn tehokkuus ennen puheohjattuun keräilyyn siirtymistä. Tutkimuksessa saatiin selvitettyä puheohjatun keräilyn tärkeimmät keräilyn tehokkuuteen vaikuttavat ominaisuudet. Puheohjatulla keräilyllä todettiin voitavan vaikuttaa sekä keräilyn tuottavuuteen että virheettömyyteen. Myös toimeksiantajayrityksen keräilyn tehokkuuden kehittymisestä puheohjatun keräilyn avulla saatiin luotua ennuste.

Päivittäistavaravaraston keräystyön simulointi

Varastotuotannon keskeinen osa on keräystyö, joka edustaa joissain tapauksissa jopa 50 % logistiikan kustannuksista. Jo pienelläkin tehostamisella päästään huomattaviin säästöihin. Keräystyö on kuitenkin yksinkertaisesta perusajatuksesta huolimatta usein monimutkaisen prosessin osa, joka on vahvasti riippuvainen tietojärjestelmistä ja toimintamalleista. Tässä diplomityössä rakennetaan kaupan alan logistiikkapalvelujen tuottajalle simulaatio-ohjelmisto, jolla on mahdollista tutkia tietojärjestelmän tiettyjen parametrien ja varaston layoutin ja artikkelinsijoittelun vaikutuksia keräystyöhön. Työssä tarkastellaan myös tilaajayrityksen varaston uudelleen organisoinnin yhteydessä tehtyjen simulaatioiden tuloksia ja verrataan niitä käytännön toteutuneeseen tilanteeseen. Varaston uudelleen organisoinnin yhteydessä tehdyt simulaatiot osoittavat, että simulaatio-ohjelmistolla voidaan simuloida tilaajayrityksen varaston keräyseriä ja -lenkkejä kohtalaisen tarkasti, kun varaston artikkeleja siirretään keräysalueelta toiselle. Simulaattorilla oli mahdollista arvioida keräyserien tunnuslukujen muutosta ja keräysmatkojen muutoksia. Työn tilaajayrityksessä tehtiin simulaation tuottamien keräyserän rakenteiden ja suoritteiden muutosten pohjalta päätös kahden eri artikkelisijoittelu vaihtoehdon välillä. Muutoksen jälkeen mitatut tulokset osoittautuivat keräysaluekohtaisesti hyvin samansuuntaisiksi, kuin simulaattorin tuottamat tulokset.