Gramsci entre Maquiavel e Marx: da negatividade do homem a ontonegatividade da política

Em uma de suas categorias centrais, Gramsci estabelece uma identidade direta entre as politicidades maquiaveliana e marxiana, de sorte que cada um escreve para a classe da vanguarda política de sua época. No entanto, uma crítica mais rigorosa aos escritos marxianos nos revela que o proletariado não é somente a classe progressista de sua época, da maneira que a burguesia fora no iluminismo, como quer Gramsci, mas é, em verdade, a esfera universal e a única capaz de levar a cabo uma emancipação humana total. Doravante, a identidade entre Marx e Maquiavel inexiste na medida em que o primeiro, de magnitude filosófica distinta, concebe o trabalho ontologicamente como atributo central da humanização, apreendendo a política como uma figura transitória superável, enquanto o segundo concebe a política como o ato fundador de toda sociabilidade.

Determination of preventive maintenance lead time using hybrid analysis

The time for conducting Preventive Maintenance (PM) on an asset is often determined using a predefined alarm limit based on trends of a hazard function. In this paper, the authors propose using both hazard and reliability functions to improve the accuracy of the prediction particularly when the failure characteristic of the asset whole life is modelled using different failure distributions for the different stages of the life of the asset. The proposed method is validated using simulations and case studies.

Determination of particle concentration in the breathing zone for four different types of office ventilation systems

Many factors affect the airflow patterns, thermal comfort, contaminant removal efficiency and indoor air quality at individual workstations in office buildings. In this study, four ventilation systems were used in a test chamber designed to represent an area of a typical office building floor and reproduce the real characteristics of a modern office space. Measurements of particle concentration and thermal parameters (temperature and velocity) were carried out for each of the following types of ventilation systems: a) conventional air distribution system with ceiling supply and return; b) conventional air distribution system with ceiling supply and return near the floor; c) underfloor air distribution system; and d) split system. The measurements aimed to analyse the particle removal efficiency in the breathing zone and the impact of particle concentration on an individual at the workstation. The efficiency of the ventilation system was analysed by measuring particle size and concentration, ventilation effectiveness and the Indoor/Outdoor ratio. Each ventilation system showed different airflow patterns and the efficiency of each ventilation system in the removal of the particles in the breathing zone showed no correlation with particle size and the various methods of analyses used.