Los principios jurídicos : revisión histórica y concepción actual desde la perspectiva neoconstitucionalista

Resumen: El texto analiza el lugar que los principios jurídicos han tenido a lo largo de la historia del Derecho y especialmente su importancia en la perspectiva del actual neoconstitucionalismo. Además, se detiene en la relación de los principios con las reglas y los valores, a fin de dilucidar si aquellos términos se identifican o se diferencian, y las consecuencias jurídicas que de uno y otro caso podrían derivarse.

Derecho y moral en el estado de derecho constitucional (proyecciones teóricas: iuspositivismo, neoconstitucionalismo y realismo jurídico clásico)

Resumen: El texto trata sobre las diferencias entre el Estado de Derecho Legal y el actual Estado de Derecho Constitucional (neoconstitucionalismo). Luego se realiza una comparación en lo atinente a la relación entre moral y derecho entre esta nueva forma de Estado y la concepción iusnaturalista.

El bloque de constitucionalidad en el Ecuador. Derechos Humanos más allá de la Constitución (Tema Central)

Aunque en el Derecho comparado el bloque de constitucionalidad se ha venido desarrollando desde hace más de tres décadas, en nuestro país su tratamiento es de gran novedad, su importancia teórica y práctica es inmensa, más aún con la expedición de una nueva Constitución, que merece precisamente el adjetivo calificativo de nueva, por consagrar al Ecuador como un Estado constitucional de derechos y justicia. Sobre la base de dicha premisa el presente ensayo realiza un estudio histórico comparado de esta institución del cual se desprende un ejercicio crítico que, conjuntamente con el estudio de las cláusulas de remisión de nuestra actual Constitución y la experiencia jurisprudencial ecuatoriana, permiten construir una definición y establecer un contenido propio para nuestro sistema jurídico, advirtiéndonos sobre sus oportunidades y riesgos.

Perfis do controle jurisdicional de políticas publicas: parâmetros objetivos e tutela coletiva

This paper focuses on a study of public policy jurisdictional control as some effectiveness mechanism for cultural, economical, and social fundamental rights. It investigates the juridical profile of public policies based on premises of the current (Neo)Constitutional State model and the assertion of an essentially constitutionalist Law paradigm from its genesis to its most peculiar elements, and through tormenting issues, such as: its position between Law and Politics, the difference with reflective subjective rights, and the problem of high financial costs. Once its object is identified, it moves forward into the theme itself, which is that of jurisdictional control, investigating its legitimacy based on paradigmatic judicial precedents and the facing of themes such as: current role of the Judicial Power, the splitting of state functions, administrative discretion, financial affordability, illegal omissions, and budget control. Finally, it examines, as its study central object, objective parameters for definition control, execution, and transparency of public policies, as well as identifying the most appropriate collective jurisdictional tutoring to its purposes together with some of its law process means. Therefrom, it shows new perspectives for the recent study on jurisdictional control of public policies, building foundations for the fundamental rights effectiveness

Saída compulsória do estrangeiro do território nacional à luz dos direitos humanos: análise de casos

This paper aims to review traditional concepts inherent to the general theory of the state and human rights, relating to the legal situation of foreign, understood as the subject of rights, especially when the is case of compulsory legal imposition of exit from national territory. After the serious violations during the Second World War and the importance acquired by the International Law of Human Rights, values as dignity, justice and equality are enshrined in the legal system and its respect required beyond the boundaries of any country. The creation of an international community, which is governed by rules that its members are subordinated, without distinction, as well as state - based on volunteerism, become inspired by one principled nature of these new concepts required of Global Society, as well as the adoption, influenced by neoconstitutionalism, to the model of State Constitutional rule of law, are opposed to the idea of state sovereignty connected to a superiority, absolute and unlimited power which recognizes no other above it, not even the basic principles or axioms that must govern the relationships internally. So looks for a concept of state that includes all the requirements of a democratic society, that have the people as the power holder, understanding that state element has undergone a relativization, because had to adapt to the contemporary values applicable to the individual, inserting in its concept, the indispensable obligation to protect the inalienable rights of citizens, regardless of with whom he have legal and political bond of nationality. It happens that, to consecrate these privileges to individuals, which, because they contain reference to values with supranational characteristics, are very abstract and are in constant collision course with internal rules, making it difficult to reconcile, it will use hermeneutics of human rights, due mainly to international courts, correlated with constitutional exegesis, in particular, legal principiologia, using, among others, the principles of reasonableness and proportionality, the systematic interpretation of the Constitution and international legal standards. Thus, it seek to enshrine the common foundation of all law , the link between the systems, namely, the dignity of human beings. Finally, it will see if Brazilian jurisdiction, through case studies, is tuned in line with these new paradigms, and in line with the International Bill of Human Rights, the Federal Constitution, the values and principles she hired

A alteração do tipo penal de adulteração de combustíveis: reflexo da constitucionalização do direito penal no mercado de combustíveis

The neoconstitutionalism led to a process of ethical revaluation of the normative systems and the process of constitutionalization of the many fields of law. This study examines the consequences of this process in criminal law, so important a Law field for the protection of the most valuable assets by the society, including the fundamental guarantees, thus emphasizing the necessity of protection of the collective and individual rights, which are guided by the observance of the defendants individual rights in the course of criminal proceedings and the search for the best efficiency of penal protection, according to the corollaries of defense against the state (prohibition of the excess or Übermassverbot) and the provision of rights by the state (prohibition of insufficient protection or Untermassverbot). The offense of fuel adulteration is taken as an object of study, since it is a vital market to a nation dependent of people and good s movement for their living, driven by fossil and biofuels. Such a crime affects essential legal interests to the development of society, interests such as the environment, consumer relations and economic order, particularly the principle of free competition. This paper seeks to analyze the need of a greater efficiency of this particular criminal protection, once concluded the conduct harm and social fear as a consequence by it as growing, and therefore having its former crime type, engraved in Article 1 of Law No. 8.176/1991, rewritten in compliance with the criminal law s principle of legality. Thus, the reformation proposals and legislative creation involving this crime were observed, with emphasis on the bill No. 2498/2003, which keeps it as blank heterogeneous criminal norm, kind of penal normative whose constitutionality is raised, including the forethought of criminal responsibility in the perpetrating of the offense as culpable and subsequently increasing the applicable minimum penalty, as well as the inclusion of new activities in the typical nucleus

Insuficiências e propostas teórico-práticas para a efetivação judicial de direitos humanos fundamentais

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Neocostituzionalismo e positivizzazione dei valori

This doctoral thesis seeks to make a comprehensive analysis of neoconstitutionalism, studying their manifestations in constitutional law and doctrine. Neoconstitutionalism, as a new manifestation of constitutional phenomenon that emerged after World War II, is characterized by the need to take any legal possession of certain premises, materials of an immovable, coinciding with the fundamental human rights, which will fall outside the potential political majorities, and become its cornerstone. These assumptions are intended as safeguards needed to protect human dignity and the democratic system itself against anyone, even taking advantage of a power obtained democratically which intends to demolish the pillars of democracy and to establish tyranny. The Constitution is enshrined as a basic rule of real system, a repository of these fundamental rights, the observance by public authorities becomes inexcusable. This will involve a role for judicial review in its protection. Thus, supremacy of the constitution, deepening respect for and promotion of fundamental rights and role of constitutional judge as the guarantor of its validity are the bases of neoconstitutionalism, a legal phenomenon not only current, but evolving.

O princípio da impessoalidade nas decisões administrativas

Estuda-se nesta tese o conteúdo jurídico do princípio da impessoalidade, previsto no art. 37, caput, da Constituição Federal de 1988, especificamente para fins de parametrização, controle e responsabilidade das decisões administrativas. Estruturam-se três eixos temáticos: a) noções introdutórias ideias de aproximação necessárias ao contexto e ao conceito do princípio da impessoalidade e do alcance de sua projeção nas decisões administrativas (póspositivismo e neoconstitucionalismo; constitucionalização; julgamento por princípios; relevância dos princípios; interesse público; direito administrativo como sistema; neutralidade política e a questão da justiça); b) impessoalidade no direito administrativo comprovação de que o princípio da impessoalidade ostenta arquétipo aberto para conferir maiores cobertura e proteção aos valores tutelados pelo texto constitucional, com ênfase à organização administrativa impessoal para assegurar um agir naturalmente impessoal (instrumentalização recíproca de princípios constitucionais; antecedentes históricos; direito estrangeiro; doutrina brasileira; impessoalidade na Constituição, nas leis e na jurisprudência; conceito de impessoalidade); c) impessoalidade nas decisões administrativas construção de um conceito de impessoalidade específico para as decisões administrativas, concebido desde a ideia de ponderação e conciliação de todos os interesses legítimos públicos e privados envolvidos em cada caso concreto (conceito e distinção de decisão administrativa impessoal em relação à decisão judicial imparcial; garantias e requisitos para a adoção de decisões impessoais, com destaque para os deveres de fundamentação (motivação), processualização e participação; algumas implicações de decisões impessoais [funcionário de fato; diminuição da discricionariedade; desvio de poder; motivação na dispensa de empregados públicos; responsabilidade civil extracontratual do Estado; necessidade de reconhecimento dos direitos dos administrados; nepotismo e revisitação da reformatio in pejus]; consequências da quebra da impessoalidade nas decisões administrativas [anulação; responsabilização do Estado e responsabilização do servidor] e, finalmente, técnicas para adoção de decisões administrativas impessoais).

Constitucionalismo principialista y constitucionalismo garantista

En este artículo, el autor presenta las diferencias más relevantes entre el neoconstitucionalismo y el constitucionalismo garantista. En primer lugar, afirma que el constitucionalismo puede ser concebido de dos formas opuestas: como una superación del positivismo jurídico en sentido tendencialmente iusnaturalista o como su expansión o perfeccionamiento, realizando para llevar a cabo esta labor una revisión terminológica. En segundo lugar, el autor considera que si las constituciones incorporan principios de justicia de carácter ético-político desaparece el principal rasgo distintivo del positivismo jurídico: la separación entre Derecho y moral o entre validez y justicia. A continuación, considera al constitucionalismo garantista como un iuspositivismo reforzado, completando al Estado de Derecho porque comporta el sometimiento al Derecho y al control de constitucionalidad. En cuarto lugar, el autor afirma que la tesis de que todo ordenamiento jurídico satisface objetivamente algún «mínimo ético» no es más que la vieja tesis iusnaturalista, que termina por convertirse en la actual versión del legalismo ético que es el constitucionalismo ético, en virtud del cual los principios constitucionales se pretenden objetivamente justos. En quinto lugar, el autor realiza una crítica a la contraposición entre principios y reglas, en los que se basa una concepción de la constitución y del constitucionalismo opuesta a la concepción positivista y garantista. En sexto lugar, el autor afirma que la idea de que los principios constitucionales son siempre objeto de ponderación y no de aplicación genera un peligro para la independencia de la jurisdicción y para su legitimación política. Finalmente, el autor considera que el constitucionalismo conlleva un debilitamiento y virtualmente un colapso de la normatividad de los principios constitucionales, así como una degradación de los derechos fundamentales establecidos en ellas a meras recomendaciones genéricas de carácter ético-político.