Discourses on the nature, evidence, and moral value of the doctrine of the Trinity.

Mode of access: Internet.

Moral Behaviour, Altruism and Environmental Policy

Free‐riding is often associated with self‐interested behaviour. However if there is a global mixed pollutant, free‐riding will arise if individuals calculate that their emissions are negligible relative to the total, so total emissions and hence any damage that they and others suffer will be unaffected by whatever consumption choice they make. In this context consumer behaviour and the optimal environmental tax are independent of the degree of altruism. For behaviour to change, individuals need to make their decisions in a different way. We propose a new theory of moral behaviour whereby individuals recognise that they will be worse off by not acting in their own self‐interest, and balance this cost off against the hypothetical moral value of adopting a Kantian form of behaviour, that is by calculating the consequences of their action by asking what would happen if everyone else acted in the same way as they did. We show that: (a) if individuals behave this way, then altruism matters and the greater the degree of altruism the more individuals cut back their consumption of a ’dirty’ good; (b) nevertheless the optimal environmental tax is exactly the same as that emerging from classical analysis where individuals act in self‐interested fashion.

Condiciones para preservar e valor moral del consentimiento informado en medicina

El consentimiento informado (CI) en medicina corre el riesgo de quedar reducido a un formalismo legal sin valor moral; esto puede suceder por dos cosas: 1) como consecuencia de que el paciente no comprenda con suficiencia el concepto de autonomía y 2) debido a la disminución de la autonomía práctica del paciente por efecto de la autoridad del personal médico o de las instituciones de salud. Este artículo tiene como fin mostrar bajo qué condiciones se puede evitar la reducción del CI a un formalismo legal desprovisto de valor moral. Para servir a este propósito, se considera el concepto de autonomía relacional como eje articulador que pone en relación al paciente con su comunidad moral y con el médico, lo que impulsa al personal de la salud a proporcionar las condiciones para tal fin. Así, se afirma que la valía moral del CI puede conservarse, primero, a partir de una concepción relacional de la autonomía y, segundo, mediante la aplicación, por parte del médico y de la institución, de un protocolo que disminuya la posibilidad de choque entre la autonomía y la autoridad.

Formação moral e educação: um estudo a partir da filosofia prática de Kant

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A relação das novas mídias de comunicação e o esporte: rupturas e conflitos para a formação moral a partir da representação social do futebol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O dever moral e o valor das ações humanas segundo Kant

The study aims at approaching the duty concept (Sollen) within Kant´s moral philosophy. Taking into account the notion of moral duty as one of the central concepts in (and to) Kant's practical thought, and in an attempt to offer an elucidation of Kant’s quest (and development) by the supreme principle of moral – the fundaments of the moral value´s detaining action, we will investigate: i) what characterizes one action for duty, in Kant’s moral thought and, ii) why exactly, according to Kant, just the action, precisely for duty, is the only action with the genuine value, namely, the moral value.

Resumo de: Portugal ilustrado pelo sexo feminino de Diogo Aires de Azevedo (Lisboa, 1734), tradição do género

O presente artigo tem por alvo a apresentação do estudo da tradição do género da obra de Diogo Manuel Aires de Azevedo, intitulada Portugal ilustrado pelo sexo feminino, notícia histórica de muitas heroínas portuguesas que floreceram em virtude, letras e armas, publicada em Lisboa, em 1734. O tema abordado por Diogo Azevedo – descrição de inúmeras ―vidas‖ de mulheres portuguesas que se destacaram pelas suas acções notáveis – permite-nos aferir da intenção didáctica e moralizadora da obra e, como tal, inseri-la na longa tradição das biografias femininas, associadas ao relato hagiográfico. A grande divulgação deste género é iniciada por Boccaccio em De mulieribus claris e tem continuidade numa plêiade de autores nacionais e internacionais, tais como Juan Perez de Moya, Frei Luís dos Anjos, Damião de Froes Perym e tantos outros. Propomo-nos apresentar um estudo cujos objectivos se prendem com o desejo de despertar o interesse de um vasto público, especializado ou não, pela leitura de uma obra do séc. XVIII, que pela sua especificidade se reveste de grande interesse literário, histórico e cultural.

Educació en valors i formació docent. La diversitat com a valor

La reflexió sobre la meva pràctica educativa m’ha portat a endinsar-me en el món de la diversitat i de l’educació en valors, i preguntar-me sobre la seva ubicació en la formació docent. L’enfocament d’aquestes qüestions s’ha realitzat des de l’òptica de la persona. Des d’ella s’han buscat uns eixos vertebradors mínims que haurien d’estar presents tant en tot plantejament educatiu concret, com en la legislació en matèria educativa i en els plans de formació del professorat. Aquests eixos vertebradors s’han articulat en una tipologia de valors formada pel valor de la persona, des del qual sorgeixen el valor de l’educació, els valors de la democràcia i el valor de la utopia. El que he realitzat en aquesta recerca ha estat analitzar la legislació educativa i els plans d’estudi de formació de mestres de les universitats de Catalunya a partir de quatre grups d’indicadors que pretenen l’estudi del seu marc contextual, del vocabulari utilitzat –concretament els termes “ètica”, “moral” i “valor”-, del tractament de la diversitat –a partir del territori i la classe social, l’ètnia, el gènere i les necessitats educatives especials-, i de l’enfocament de l’educació en valors –segons la tipologia anteriorment apuntada-.

On the Beautiful and the Ugly

Classical aesthetics sees the experience of the beautiful as an anthropological necessity. But, in fact, the beautiful is rather the central category designating classical art, and one can question the relevance of this category considering contemporary art. The reference term most frequently used for contemporary art is interesting: works of art solicit the interests of my faculties (the cognitive-intellectual, the pragmatic community-oriented moral, the affective aesthetic faculties). It is interesting to notice that the categories of the beautiful and the ugly have an axiological-moral value. It looks as if the qualities of contemporary art works are judged according to the intensity of the impact on the interests of our faculties. It reveals important, in this respect, to distinguish the ugly from the sublime and the monstrous. Kant’s Third Critique is of some importance in defining these categories.

Medicina filosófica: as relações entre medicina e filosofia na Grécia antiga e em Kant

This work deals with the relationship between medicine and philosophy, which has existed since Antiquity, and will also be discussed here from Kant s perspective. It presents the historical context formed by reciprocal influences of common notions regarding health/disease, balance/justice, and just measure, which are present in the medical discourse as much as in the philosophical one. It considers that Hippocratic medicine emerges from concerns about dietetics, thus creating the link between philosophy and medicine, which is important for our analysis on Kant s contributions to Hippocratic legacy. Taking into account these considerations, the work distinguishes between two aspects which are associated within the dietetics presented by Kant in his work The conflict of the faculties, studied here in the light of his Doctrine of virtue, particularly the duties to oneself in regard the care of one s body and the teleological conception. In this sense, the work indicates the role of Kantian thinking not only to enrich medical dietetics, by lending to it moral value, but also to enrich philosophy by highlighting its therapeutic effects

O estado puerperal e suas interseções com a bioética

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O lugar e a especificidade da educação na filosofia prática de Kant

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estratégias de prevenção e contenção do bullying nas escolas: as propostas governamentais e de pesquisa no Brasil e na Espanha

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluating Bucknell's Waste Stream

This thesis examines three questions regarding the content of Bucknell University‟s waste stream and the contributors to campus recycling and solid waste disposal. The first asks, “What does Bucknell‟s waste stream consist of?” To answer this question, I designed a campus-wide waste audit procedure that sampled one dumpster from each of the eleven „activity‟ types on campus in order to better understand Bucknell‟s waste composition. The audit was implemented during the Fall semester of the 2011-2012 school year. The waste from each dumpster was sorted into several recyclable and non-recyclable categories and then weighed individually. Results showed the Bison and Carpenter Shop dumpsters to contain the highest percentage of divertible materials (through recycling and/or composting). When extrapolated, results also showed the Dining Services buildings and Facilities buildings to be the most waste dense in terms of pounds of waste generated per square foot. The Bison also generated the most overall waste by weight. The average composition of all dumpsters revealed that organic waste composed 24% of all waste, 23% was non-recyclable paper, and 20% was non-recyclable plastic. It will be important to move forward using these results to help create effective waste programs that target the appropriate areas of concern. My second question asks, “What influences waste behavior to contribute to this „picture‟ of the waste stream?” To answer this question, I created a survey that was sent out to randomly selected sub-group of the university‟s three constituencies: students, faculty, and staff. The survey sought responses regarding each constituency‟s solid waste disposal and recycling behavior, attitudes toward recycling, and motivating factors for solid waste disposal behaviors across different sectors of the university. Using regression analysis, I found three statistically significant motivating factors that influence solid waste disposal behavior: knowledge and awareness, moral value, and social norms. I further examined how a person‟s characteristics associate to these motivating factors and found that one‟s position on campus proved a significant association. Consistently, faculty and staff were strongly influenced by the aforementioned motivating factors, while students‟ behavior was less influenced by them. This suggests that new waste programs should target students to help increase the influence of these motivators to improve the recycling rate and lower overall solid waste disposal on campus. After making overall conclusions regarding the waste audit and survey, I ask my third question, which inquires, “What actions can Bucknell take to increase recycling rates and decrease solid waste generation?” Bucknell currently features several recycling and waste minimization programs on campus. However, using results from the waste audit and campus survey, we can better understand what are the issues of the waste stream, how do we go about addressing these issues, and who needs to be addressed. I propose several suggestions for projects that future students may take on for summer or thesis research. Suggestions include targeting the appropriate categories of waste that occur most frequently in the waste stream, as well as the building types that have the highest waste density and potential recovery rates. Additionally, certain groups on campus should be targeted more directly than others, namely the student body, which demonstrates the lowest influence by motivators of recycling and waste behavior. Several variables were identified as significant motivators of waste and recycling behavior, and could be used as program tactics to encourage more effective behavior.

La lectura tomasiana del sentido del gusto y sus connotaciones morales

Este trabajo se enfoca en la doctrina que Tomás de Aquino establece con respecto al sentido del gusto, estructurándose en tres partes. En primer lugar, se discute la ubicación que el autor otorga al gusto dentro del esquema de los cinco sentidos externos a partir de algunos aportes contemporáneos. Luego, se expone la relación que establece el Aquinate entre el gusto y sus objeto propio, el sabor, con todas las implicancias de orden biológico y antropológico que conlleva. Finalmente, se trata la valencia moral del sentido del gusto a partir de uno de los vicios capitales que se engendra en él, la gula, y la originalidad que Tomás aporta a esta discusión con respecto a la doctrina cristiana anterior.