Malvinas a 30 años del conflicto : Un análisis sobre las propuestas de enseñanza en formato digital

Este artículo trata de definir los límites y posibilidades de los nuevos textos digitales en la enseñanza de la historia, especialmente de algunas propuestas didácticas producidas por el gobierno nacional, cuyo contenido versa sobre la guerra de Malvinas. ¿Cuáles son los nuevos significados que este tipo de textos digitales aportan a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Guerra de las Malvinas? ¿Qué discursos y narrativas sobre Malvinas se presentan explícitos e implícitos en estos textos digitales? ¿Hay algún cambio entre estas narraciones que emergen en el 30 aniversario de la guerra en comparación con las narrativas anteriores? Son algunas de las preguntas que tratamos de resolver, a pesar de que los textos en formato digital para la enseñanza de la historia, parecen ser muy caóticos y poseen otro régimen de producción, lectura y propiedad, diferente al de los materiales curriculares impresos. Como primera aproximación al análisis podemos observar como las políticas educativas nacionales actuales en Argentina refuerzan el discurso de los derechos y la soberanía sobre las islas, introduciendo además, elementos nuevos que buscan un acercamiento emocional a la causa y desdibujan en parte, la enseñanza de la complejidad de Malvinas

Malvinas a 30 años del conflicto : Un análisis sobre las propuestas de enseñanza en formato digital

Este artículo trata de definir los límites y posibilidades de los nuevos textos digitales en la enseñanza de la historia, especialmente de algunas propuestas didácticas producidas por el gobierno nacional, cuyo contenido versa sobre la guerra de Malvinas. ¿Cuáles son los nuevos significados que este tipo de textos digitales aportan a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Guerra de las Malvinas? ¿Qué discursos y narrativas sobre Malvinas se presentan explícitos e implícitos en estos textos digitales? ¿Hay algún cambio entre estas narraciones que emergen en el 30 aniversario de la guerra en comparación con las narrativas anteriores? Son algunas de las preguntas que tratamos de resolver, a pesar de que los textos en formato digital para la enseñanza de la historia, parecen ser muy caóticos y poseen otro régimen de producción, lectura y propiedad, diferente al de los materiales curriculares impresos. Como primera aproximación al análisis podemos observar como las políticas educativas nacionales actuales en Argentina refuerzan el discurso de los derechos y la soberanía sobre las islas, introduciendo además, elementos nuevos que buscan un acercamiento emocional a la causa y desdibujan en parte, la enseñanza de la complejidad de Malvinas

Malvinas a 30 años del conflicto : Un análisis sobre las propuestas de enseñanza en formato digital

Este artículo trata de definir los límites y posibilidades de los nuevos textos digitales en la enseñanza de la historia, especialmente de algunas propuestas didácticas producidas por el gobierno nacional, cuyo contenido versa sobre la guerra de Malvinas. ¿Cuáles son los nuevos significados que este tipo de textos digitales aportan a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Guerra de las Malvinas? ¿Qué discursos y narrativas sobre Malvinas se presentan explícitos e implícitos en estos textos digitales? ¿Hay algún cambio entre estas narraciones que emergen en el 30 aniversario de la guerra en comparación con las narrativas anteriores? Son algunas de las preguntas que tratamos de resolver, a pesar de que los textos en formato digital para la enseñanza de la historia, parecen ser muy caóticos y poseen otro régimen de producción, lectura y propiedad, diferente al de los materiales curriculares impresos. Como primera aproximación al análisis podemos observar como las políticas educativas nacionales actuales en Argentina refuerzan el discurso de los derechos y la soberanía sobre las islas, introduciendo además, elementos nuevos que buscan un acercamiento emocional a la causa y desdibujan en parte, la enseñanza de la complejidad de Malvinas

Malvinas a 30 años del conflicto : Un análisis sobre las propuestas de enseñanza en formato digital

Este artículo trata de definir los límites y posibilidades de los nuevos textos digitales en la enseñanza de la historia, especialmente de algunas propuestas didácticas producidas por el gobierno nacional, cuyo contenido versa sobre la guerra de Malvinas. ¿Cuáles son los nuevos significados que este tipo de textos digitales aportan a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Guerra de las Malvinas? ¿Qué discursos y narrativas sobre Malvinas se presentan explícitos e implícitos en estos textos digitales? ¿Hay algún cambio entre estas narraciones que emergen en el 30 aniversario de la guerra en comparación con las narrativas anteriores? Son algunas de las preguntas que tratamos de resolver, a pesar de que los textos en formato digital para la enseñanza de la historia, parecen ser muy caóticos y poseen otro régimen de producción, lectura y propiedad, diferente al de los materiales curriculares impresos. Como primera aproximación al análisis podemos observar como las políticas educativas nacionales actuales en Argentina refuerzan el discurso de los derechos y la soberanía sobre las islas, introduciendo además, elementos nuevos que buscan un acercamiento emocional a la causa y desdibujan en parte, la enseñanza de la complejidad de Malvinas

Book Review: Jamie Peck and Kevin Ward (eds) City of Revolution: Restructuring Manchester

Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2002, xvi + 256 pp., £14.99 (pbk), ISBN 0719058880

Multivariate Markov Process Models for the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a hospital ward

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen that continues to be of major concern in hospitals. We develop models and computational schemes based on observed weekly incidence data to estimate MRSA transmission parameters. We extend the deterministic model of McBryde, Pettitt, and McElwain (2007, Journal of Theoretical Biology 245, 470–481) involving an underlying population of MRSA colonized patients and health-care workers that describes, among other processes, transmission between uncolonized patients and colonized health-care workers and vice versa. We develop new bivariate and trivariate Markov models to include incidence so that estimated transmission rates can be based directly on new colonizations rather than indirectly on prevalence. Imperfect sensitivity of pathogen detection is modeled using a hidden Markov process. The advantages of our approach include (i) a discrete valued assumption for the number of colonized health-care workers, (ii) two transmission parameters can be incorporated into the likelihood, (iii) the likelihood depends on the number of new cases to improve precision of inference, (iv) individual patient records are not required, and (v) the possibility of imperfect detection of colonization is incorporated. We compare our approach with that used by McBryde et al. (2007) based on an approximation that eliminates the health-care workers from the model, uses Markov chain Monte Carlo and individual patient data. We apply these models to MRSA colonization data collected in a small intensive care unit at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.

The impact of surgical ward nurses practicing respiratory assessment on positive patient outcomes

Objective: A literature review to examine the incorporation of respiratory assessment into everyday surgical nursing practice; possible barriers to this; and the relationship to patient outcomes. Primary argument: Escalating demands on intensive care beds have led to highly dependent patients being cared for in general surgical ward areas. This change in patient demographics has meant the knowledge and skills required of registered nurses in these areas has expanded exponentially. The literature supported the notion that postoperative monitoring of vital signs should include the fundamental assessment of respiratory rate; depth and rhythm; work of breathing; use of accessory muscles and symmetrical chest movement; as well as auscultation of lung fields using a stethoscope. Early intervention in response to changes in a patient's respiratory health status impacts positively on patient health outcomes. Substantial support exists for the contention that technologically adept nurses who also possess competent respiratory assessment skills make a difference to respiratory care. Conclusions: Sub-clinical respiratory problems have been demonstrated to contribute to adverse events. There is a paucity of research knowledge as to whether respiratory education programs and associated inservice make a difference to nursing clinical practice. Similarly, the implications for associated respiratory educational needs are not well documented, nor has a research base been sufficiently developed to guide nursing practice. Further research has the potential to influence the future role and function of the registered nurse by determining the importance of respiratory education programs on post-operative patient outcomes.

Noise levels in a General Surgical Ward : a descriptive study

Aims and objectives.  This study was undertaken to measure and analyse levels of acoustic noise in a General Surgical Ward. Method.  Measurements were undertaken using the Norsonic 116 sound level meter (SLM) recording noise levels in the internationally agreed ‘A’ weighted scale. Noise level data and observational data as to the number of staff present were obtained and recorded at 5-min intervals over three consecutive days. Results.  Results of noise level analysis indicated that mean noise level within this clinical area was 42.28 dB with acute spikes reaching 70 dB(A). The lowest noise level attained was that of 36 dB(A) during the period midnight to 7 a.m. Non-parametric testing, using Spearman's Rho (two-tailed), found a positive relationship between the number of staff present and the level of noise recorded, indicating that the presence of hospital personnel strongly influences the level of noise within this area. Relevance to clinical practice.  Whilst the results of this may seem self-evident in many respects the problems of excessive noise production and the exposure to it for patients, hospital personnel and relatives alike continues unabated. What must be of concern is the psychophysiological effects excessive noise exposure has on individuals, for example, decreased wound healing, sleep deprivation and cardiovascular stimulation.

Measuring multidisciplinary team effectiveness in a ward-based healthcare setting : development of the Team Functioning Assessment Tool

Nontechnical skills relating to team functioning are vital to the effective delivery of patient care and safety. In this study, we develop a reliable behavioral marker tool for assessing nontechnical skills that are critical to the success of ward-based multidisciplinary healthcare teams. The Team Functioning Assessment Tool (TFAT) was developed and refined using a literature review, focus groups, card-sorting exercise, field observations, and final questionnaire evaluation and refinement process. Results demonstrated that Clinical Planning, Executive Tasks, and Team Relations are important facets of effective multidisciplinary healthcare team functioning. The TFAT was also shown to yield acceptable inter-rater agreement.

Measuring ward-based multidisciplinary healthcare team functioning : a validation study of the Team Functioning Assessment Tool (TFAT)

The team functioning assessment tool (TFAT) has been shown to be a reliable behavioral marker tool for assessing nontechnical skills that are critical to the success of ward-based healthcare teams. This paper aims to refine and shorten the length of the TFAT to improve usability, and establish its reliability and construct validity. Psychometric testing based on 110 multidisciplinary healthcare teams demonstrated that the TFAT is a reliable and valid tool for measuring team members’ nontechnical skills in regards to Clinical Planning, Executive Tasks, and Team Functioning. Providing support for concurrent validity, high TFAT ratings were predicted by low levels of organizational constraints and high levels of group potency. There was also partial support for the negative relationships between time pressure, leadership ambiguity, and TFAT ratings. The paper provides a discussion on the applicability of the tool for assessing multidisciplinary healthcare team functioning in the context of improving team effectiveness and patient safety for ward-based hospital teams.

Discharge practices for the intensive care patient : a qualitative exploration in the general ward setting

OBJECTIVE: To explore how registered nurses (RNs) in the general ward perceive discharge processes and practices for patients recently discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU). BACKGROUND: Patients discharged from the ICU environment often require complicated and multifaceted care. The ward-based RN is at the forefront of the care of this fragile patient population, yet their views and perceptions have seldom been explored. DESIGN: A qualitative grounded theory design was used to guide focus group interviews with the RN participants. METHODS: Five semi-structured focus group interviews, including 27 RN participants, were conducted in an Australian metropolitan tertiary referral hospital in 2011. Data analyses of transcripts, field notes and memos used concurrent data generation, constant comparative analysis and theoretical sampling. RESULTS: Results yielded a core category of 'two worlds' stressing the disconnectedness between ICU and the ward setting. This category was divided into sub categories of 'communication disconnect' and 'remember the family'. Properties of 'what we say', 'what we write', 'transfer' and 'information needs' respectively were developed within those sub-categories. CONCLUSION: The discharge process for patients within the ICU setting is complicated and largely underappreciated. There are fundamental, misunderstood differences in prioritisation and care of patients between the areas, with a deep understanding of practice requirements of ward based RNs not being understood. The findings of this research may be used to facilitate inter departmental communications and progress practice development.

The Homeless Etiquette : Social Interaction and Behavior Among the Homeless in Taito Ward, Tokyo

The thesis focuses on the social interaction and behavior of the homeless living in Tokyo's Taito Ward. The study is based on the author's own ethnographic field research carried out in the autumn 2003. The chosen methodologies were based on the methodology called "participant observation", and they were used depending on the context. The ethnographic field research was carried out from the mid-August to the beginning of the October in 2003. The most important targets of the research were three separate loosely knit groups placed in certain parts of Taito Ward. One of these groups was based in proximity to the Ueno train station, one group gathered every morning around a homeless support organization called San'yûkai, and one was based in Tamahime Park located in the old San'ya area of Tokyo. The analysis is based on the aspects of Takie Sugiyama Lebra's theory of "social relativism". Lebra's theory consists of the following, arguably universal aspects: belongingness, empathy, dependence, place in the society, and reciprocity. In addition, all the interaction and behavior is tied to the context and the situation. According to Lebra, ritual and intimate situations produce similar action, which is socially relative. Of these, the norms of the ritual behavior are more regulated, while the intimate bahavior is less spontaneous. On the contrary, an anomic situation produces anomic behavior, which is not socially relative. Lebra's theory is critically reviewed by the author of the thesis, and the author has attempted to modify the theory to make it more adaptable to the present-day society and to the analysis. Erving Goffman's views of the social interaction and Anthony Giddens' theories about the social structures have been used as complementary thoretical basis. The aim of the thesis is to clarify, how and why the interaction and the behavior of some homeless individuals in some situations follow the aspects of Lebra's "social relativism", and on the other hand, why in some situations they do not. In the latter cases the answers can be sought from regional and individual differences, or from the inaptness of the theory to analyze the presented situation. Here, a significant factor is the major finding of the field study: the so called "homeless etiquette", which is an abstract set of norms and values that influences the social interaction and behavior of the homeless, and with which many homeless individuals presented in the study complied. The fundamental goal of the thesis is to reach profound understanding about the daily life of the homeless, whose lives were studied. The author argues that this kind of profound understanding is necessary in looking for sustainable solutions in the areas of social and housing policy to improve the position of the homeless and the qualitative functioning of the society.