Réflexion autour des dictionnaires de droit civil

Par leur mode de rédaction, les dictionnaires de droit civil révèlent une conception du sens en droit qui se caractérise par son objectivité, son historicité et son unité, c’est-à-dire par un ensemble de qualités qui sont intimement liées dans l’imaginaire des civilistes. Ce faisant, les dictionnaires de droit civil présentent un certain découpage du monde qui ne tient pas toujours compte des sens multiples que les juristes attribuent aux termes fondamentaux de leur vocabulaire. C’est en dégageant l’origine et la raison d’être du décalage entre le sens tel qu’il est défini et celui qui est vécu que l’auteur montre à quel point les dictionnaires de droit civil s’inscrivent dans une relation complexe qu’entretiennent les juristes avec leur langage.

Les définitions dans les codes civils

"Omnis definitio in jure civili periculosa est". Le principe selon lequel toute définition est périlleuse constitue l’une des idées séculaires véhiculées par la tradition de droit civil. Malgré cela, le Code civil français et, plus récemment, le "Code civil du Québec" contiennent tous deux un nombre important de définitions légales. Abordées du point de vue du lexicographe, ces définitions soulèvent la question de savoir à quel point elles doivent être prises en considération dans les dictionnaires juridiques : en présence d’une définition légale, le lexicographe devrait-il simplement la paraphraser ou devrait-il plutôt chercher à rendre compte du sens tel qu’il est véhiculé dans le discours juridique? En étudiant les enjeux soulevés par cette question, le présent texte propose une démarche lexicographique qui relativise l’influence des définitions légales sur le contenu des dictionnaires de droit civil.

Impacto ambiental, degradação ambiental, poluição, contaminação e dano ambiental: comparação entre conceitos legal e técnico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

POLUIÇÃO: INCOMPATIBILIDADES ENTRE CONCEITOS LEGAL E TÉCNICO

Este artigo apresenta o método, critérios e resultados obtidos a partir da comparação de conceitos legal e técnico do termo poluição. Objetivou constatar se tal conceito está sendo redigido de forma clara ou de forma imprecisa e verificar a existência de eventuais incompatibilidades entre eles. Foram consultadas diferentes fontes para selecionar os conceitos, tais como: livros, artigos, legislação, decisões judiciais, dicionários, glossários, mídias eletrônicas, internet. O método científico utilizado foi o método comparativo. Foi estabelecido o elemento constituinte essencial do conceito poluição, a partir daquilo que lhe era essencial, principal, necessário, universal, geral, comum. A comparação resultou em três possibilidades de classificação: 1. reprodução literal do conceito legal; 2. a essência do conceito técnico está em consonância com a essência do conceito legal; 3. a essência do conceito técnico não está em consonância com a essência do conceito legal (com as devidas justificativas). Com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi possível constatar e apontar a existência de incompatibilidades entre os conceitos legal e técnico. Palavras-chave: poluição; poluição ambiental; conceito legal; conceito técnico.

The busy man's hand-book : a condensed cyclopedia of historical, geographical, scriptural, scientific, legal, social, mercantile, medical, and useful information /

Mode of access: Internet.

Grammar in dictionaries revisited: the case of verbs with se

This paper is a study about the way in which se structures are represented in 20 verb entries of nine dictionaries of Spanish language. There is a large number of these structures and they are problematic for native and non native speakers. Verbs of the analysis are middle-high frequency and, in the most part of the cases, very polysemous, and this allows to observe interconnections between the different se structures and the different meanings of each verb. Data of the lexicographic analysis are cross-checked with corpus analysis of the same units. As a result, it is observed that there is a large variety in the data which are offered in each dictionary and in the way they are offered, inter and intradictionary. The reasons range from the theoretical overall of each Project to practical performance. This leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to further progress in the dictionary model it is being handled, in order to offer lexico-grammatical phenomenon such as se verbs in an accurate, clear and exhaustive way.

Perpetuating Racism: Legal Education, Race and Social Justice

By presenting the results of a content analysis of Australian undergraduate legal education, this paper examines the extent to which issues of race, ethnicity, discrimination, and multiculturalism feature within this component of the moral, ethical, and professional development of legal professionals. It will demonstrate that instead of encouraging a deep, critical and contextual understanding of such issues, legal education provides a relatively superficial one, which has important implications for the role that legal professionals play in overcoming injustices such as institutional racism, and the kinds of social reform that they are likely to undertake.

The function of property in creating an effective legal regime for trade in environmental offsets

Market-based environmental regulation is becoming increasingly common within international and national frameworks. Environmental offset and trading regimes are part of the market-based instrument revolution. This paper proposes that environmental market mechanisms could be used to introduce an ethic of land holder responsibility. In order for market based regimes to attract sufficient levels of stakeholder engagement, participants within such scheme require an incentive to participate and furthermore need to feel a sense of security about investing in such processes. A sense of security is often associated with property based interests. This paper explores the property related issues connected with environmental offset and trading scheme initiatives. Relevant property-related considerations include land tenure considerations, public versus private management of land choices, characteristics and powers associated with property interests, theories defining property and the recognition of legal proprietal interests. The Biodiversity Banking Scheme in New South Wales is then examined as a case study followed by a critique on the role of environmental markets.