JNI技术实现跨平台开发的研究

在实践开发网格计算服务的过程中遇到了跨平台与服务运行效率的问题,在解决问题的过程中对Java的JNI技术进行了较深入的研究.对开发过程中使用JNI技术的重点和难点所作研究后的一个归纳和总结,并结合具体的开发实例由浅入深地介绍了有效使用JNI技术实现跨平台开发同时兼顾效率的有效方法.

Aplicação da JNI - Java Native Interface - na construção da ferramenta ServCLIPS.

Linguagem de programação Java. Java native interface (JNI). Ferramenta ServCLIPS:um exemplo de uso da JNI.

Developing and benchmarking native Linux applications on Android

Smartphones get increasingly popular where more and more smartphone platforms emerge. Special attention was gained by the open source platform Android which was presented by the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) hosting members like Google, Motorola, and HTC. Android uses a Linux kernel and a stripped-down userland with a custom Java VM set on top. The resulting system joins the advantages of both environments, while third-parties are intended to develop only Java applications at the moment. In this work, we present the benefit of using native applications in Android. Android includes a fully functional Linux, and using it for heavy computational tasks when developing applications can bring in substantional performance increase. We present how to develop native applications and software components, as well as how to let Linux applications and components communicate with Java programs. Additionally, we present performance measurements of native and Java applications executing identical tasks. The results show that native C applications can be up to 30 times as fast as an identical algorithm running in Dalvik VM. Java applications can become a speed-up of up to 10 times if utilizing JNI.

基于B/S模式的机器人监控平台的研究

针对目前移动机器人本体研究平台存在局限性的问题,设计出一种基于B/S模式的机器人软件控制系统。系统的实现采用了Java和Vc相结合的方式,在利用Java语言的JNI技术解决接口问题的同时,为了充分利用现有软件模块,提出了一种新型的控制架构,使得整个系统更加完善。通过实验验证了此方法的有效性,有效的提高了系统的可维护性,可扩展性以及可复用性,最终很好实现了控制机器人的目的。

基于网络的家庭服务机器人控制系统的研究

随着社会的进步和发展，人们不断追求舒适和安逸的生活，不愿意从事一些枯燥甚至不安全的工作，因此，能够代替人类完成简单工作并可以与人进行沟通的家庭服务机器人越来越受到人们的青睐，有着非常好的应用前景。 家庭服务机器人服务的对象是普通人群，不仅需要为用户提供一种友好、自然的人机交互手段，更为重要的是需要为不同位置、不同环境的人们提供所需求的服务。因此，本文研究的重点在于通过网络和机器人技术开发能够满足人们目前生活要求的基于网络的机器人控制系统。 本文以新松机器人股份有限公司的“家庭服务机器人项目”为背景，在对传统的机器人网络控制技术分析的基础上，主要从控制和视频两大部分展开研究。在控制部分，如何既能实现机器人的网络控制又能实现本地控制是本部分的主要研究内容。为此，本文采用模块化设计思想，分别对客户端模块、服务器端模块、机器人控制端模块进行了详细分析与设计，并且采用JNI（Java Native Interface）技术解决了不同语言的接口问题。针对如何实现代码的复用性以及扩展性问题上，本文提出了一种Applet-Servlet-Win32DLL-MFCDLL（Dynamic Link Library）模式的新型控制架构，实现了机器人的网络控制和本地控制。在视频部分，如何实现视频图像的实时传输是视频方面研究的重点。本文采用JMF（Java Media Frame）技术及RTP（Real Transport Protocol）/RTCP（Real Transport Control Protocol）协议，分别从视频发送模块、视频接收与播放模块进行了设计，达到了很好的实时效果。并且采用双缓冲、多线程技术解决了视频传输过程存在的闪烁、抖动等问题，通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。 最后，本文对机器人网络控制系统进行了实验验证，运行效果良好，并且在对本课题研究的基础上，对网络时延进行了分析及实验测试，简要分析了解决方案。

Low statin use in adults hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To assess recommended and actual use of statins in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on clinical prediction scores in adults who develop their first acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHOD: Cross-sectional study of 3172 adults without previous CVD hospitalized with ACS at 4 university centers in Switzerland. The number of participants eligible for statins before hospitalization was estimated based on the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines and compared to the observed number of participants on statins at hospital entry. RESULTS: Overall, 1171 (37%) participants were classified as high-risk (10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality ≥5% or diabetes); 1025 (32%) as intermediate risk (10-year risk <5% but ≥1%); and 976 (31%) as low risk (10-year risk <1%). Before hospitalization, 516 (16%) were on statins; among high-risk participants, only 236 of 1171 (20%) were on statins. If ESC primary prevention guidelines had been fully implemented, an additional 845 high-risk adults (27% of the whole sample) would have been eligible for statins before hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Although statins are recommended for primary prevention in high-risk adults, only one-fifth of them are on statins when hospitalized for a first ACS.

Microcrédito - estudo de viabilidade financeira com vistas a criação de uma sociedade de crédito ao microempreendedor - SCM, com base nos casos CEAPE/RS Ana Terra e Portosol

O presente estudo trata do assunto Microcrédito e pretende verificar a viabilidade financeira da criação de uma Sociedade de Crédito ao Microempreendedor – SCM. As entidades de microcrédito existentes são do tipo Organizações Não Governamentais - ONGs, Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público - OSCIPs, e SCM. O estudo com base na SCM foi escolhido em função de ser uma instituição ainda não conhecida no Rio Grande do Sul, e por seu modelo tampouco ter sido testado no Estado. Mediante um estudo de caso, pretende-se ainda identificar a forma de atuação de duas instituições de microcrédito existentes. O estudo de caso foi realizado com as instituições CEAPE/RS Ana Terra e Portosol, onde foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória com base em teoria conhecida, entrevistas e revisão de documentos dessas instituições. Os resultados foram analisados e apresentados no decorrer do trabalho. Com as informações colhidas foi realizada também uma projeção financeira de uma SCM, e comparados os resultados com as duas instituições estudadas. Nas considerações finais foram levantadas e apresentadas algumas inferências, proposições e sugestões sobre os resultados do estudo que podem ajudar o leitor a entender melhor a realidade e a viabilidade financeira de uma SCM.

Manipulação remota de um braço mecânico (Scorbot ER - III) utilizando a rede mundial de computadores

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

DTN discovery and routing: from space applications to terrestrial networks.

L'argomento di questa tesi è l'architettura di rete Delay-/Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN), progettata per operare nelle reti “challenged”, dove la suite di protocolli TCP/IP risulta inefficace a causa di lunghi ritardi di propagazione del segnale, interruzioni e disturbi di canale, ecc. Esempi di reti “challenged” variano dalle reti interplanetarie alle Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). Le principali implementazioni dell'architettura DTN sono DTN2, implementazione di riferimento, e ION, sviluppata da NASA JPL per applicazioni spaziali. Una grande differenza tra reti spaziali e terrestri è che nello spazio i movimenti dei nodi sono deterministici, mentre non lo sono per i nodi mobili terrestri, i quali generalmente non conoscono la topologia della rete. Questo ha portato allo sviluppo di diversi algoritmi di routing: deterministici per le reti spaziali e opportunistici per quelle terrestri. NASA JPL ha recentemente deciso di estendere l'ambito di applicazione di ION per supportare anche scenari non deterministici. Durante la tesi, svolta presso NASA JPL, mi sono occupato di argomenti diversi, tutti finalizzati a questo obiettivo. Inizialmente ho testato la nuova implementazione dell'algoritmo IP Neighbor Discovery (IPND) di ION, corretti i bug e prodotta la documentazione ufficiale. Quindi ho contribuito ad integrare il Contact Graph Routing (CGR) di ION nel simulatore DTN “ONE” utilizzando la Java Native Interface (JNI) come ponte tra il codice Java di ONE e il codice C di ION. In particolare ho adattato tutte le librerie di ION necessarie per far funzionare CGR all'interno dell'ambiente di ONE. Infine, dopo aver analizzato un dataset di tracce reali di nodi mobili, ho contribuito a progettare e a sviluppare OCGR, estensione opportunistica del CGR, quindi ne ho curato l'integrazione in ONE. I risultati preliminari sembrano confermare la validità di OCGR che, una volta messo a punto, può diventare un valido concorrente ai più rinomati algoritmi opportunistici.

An optical coherence tomography study of a biodegradable vs. durable polymer-coated limus-eluting stent: a LEADERS trial sub-study

Incomplete endothelialization has been found to be associated with late stent thrombosis, a rare but devastating phenomenon, more frequent after drug-eluting stent implantation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has 10 times greater resolution than intravascular ultrasound and thus appears to be a valuable modality for the assessment of stent strut coverage. The LEADERS trial was a multi-centre, randomized comparison of a biolimus-eluting stent (BES) with biodegradable polymer with a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) using a durable polymer. This study sought to evaluate tissue coverage and apposition of stents using OCT in a group of patients from the randomized LEADERS trial.

An examination chair to measure internal rotation of the hip in routine settings: a validation study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the performance of a newly developed examination chair as compared with the clinical standard of assessing internal rotation (IR) of the flexed hip with a goniometer. METHODS: The examination chair allowed measurement of IR in a sitting position simultaneously in both hips, with hips and knees flexed 90 degrees, lower legs hanging unsupported and a standardized load of 5 kg applied to both ankles using a bilateral pulley system. Clinical assessment of IR was performed in supine position with hips and knees flexed 90 degrees using a goniometer. Within the framework of a population-based inception cohort study, we calculated inter-observer agreement in two samples of 84 and 64 consecutive, unselected young asymptomatic males using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and determined the correlation between IR assessed with examination chair and clinical assessment. RESULTS: Inter-observer agreement was excellent for the examination chair (ICC right hip, 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-0.95; ICC left hip, 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.94), and considerably higher than that seen with clinical assessment (ICC right hip, 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.77; ICC left hip, 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.80, P for difference in ICC between examination chair and clinical assessment

Prevalence of cam-type deformity on hip magnetic resonance imaging in young males: a cross-sectional study

Objective To determine the prevalence of cam-type deformities on hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young males. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional study in young asymptomatic male individuals who underwent clinical examination and completed a self-report questionnaire. A random sample of participants was invited for MRI of the hip. We graded the maximal offset at the femoral head–neck junction on radial sequences using grades from 0 to 3, where 0 = normal, 1 = possible, 2 = definite, and 3 = severe deformity. The prespecified main analyses were based on definite cam-type deformity grades 2 or 3. We estimated the prevalence of the cam-type deformity adjusted for the sampling process overall and according to the extent of internal rotation. Then we determined the location of the deformity on radial MRI sequences. Results A total of 1,080 subjects were included in the study and 244 asymptomatic males with a mean age of 19.9 years attended MRI. Sixty-seven definite cam-type deformities were detected. The adjusted overall prevalence was 24% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 19–30%). The prevalence increased with decreasing internal rotation (P < 0.001 for trend). Among those with a clinically decreased internal rotation of <30°, the estimated prevalence was 48% (95% CI 37–59%). Sixty-one of 67 cam-type deformities were located in an anterosuperior position. Conclusion Cam-type deformities can be found on MRI in every fourth young asymptomatic male individual and in every second male with decreased internal rotation. The majority of deformities are located in an anterosuperior position.

Small study effects in meta-analyses of osteoarthritis trials: meta-epidemiological study

Objective To examine the presence and extent of small study effects in clinical osteoarthritis research. Design Meta-epidemiological study. Data sources 13 meta-analyses including 153 randomised trials (41 605 patients) that compared therapeutic interventions with placebo or non-intervention control in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee and used patients’ reported pain as an outcome. Methods We compared estimated benefits of treatment between large trials (at least 100 patients per arm) and small trials, explored funnel plots supplemented with lines of predicted effects and contours of significance, and used three approaches to estimate treatment effects: meta-analyses including all trials irrespective of sample size, meta-analyses restricted to large trials, and treatment effects predicted for large trials. Results On average, treatment effects were more beneficial in small than in large trials (difference in effect sizes −0.21, 95% confidence interval −0.34 to −0.08, P=0.001). Depending on criteria used, six to eight funnel plots indicated small study effects. In six of 13 meta-analyses, the overall pooled estimate suggested a clinically relevant, significant benefit of treatment, whereas analyses restricted to large trials and predicted effects in large trials yielded smaller non-significant estimates. Conclusions Small study effects can often distort results of meta-analyses. The influence of small trials on estimated treatment effects should be routinely assessed.