Integrating Intangible Cultural Heritage elements and learning strategy : a case study

Tanzania has a rich and diverse cultural history based on community cultural life. However, at present, young people have limited opportunity to exploit this richness of creative expressions and engage in creative jobs as their future career. Hence, the significant challenge remains: how to integrate Intangible cultural heritage elements and learning strategy as a means of promoting creative jobs for youth. This paper presents a case study on 'Strategies for youth employment in Tanzania: A creative industries approach'. The case study employed mixed methods incorporating questionnaires, interviews and focus groups and was held in Dar-Es-Salaam, Mwanza, Dodoma, Lindi and Morogoro from July to October, 2012. This paper discusses some of the issues and argues that there is no virtual utilization of the intangible cultural heritage knowledge and skills in 'putting education to work' (UNESCO, 2012) for the better prospects of youth. Although the discussion is specific to Tanzania, the case may also apply to other developing countries.

O Centro Cultural Cartola e o Processo de Patrimonializa����o do Samba Carioca

O Centro Cultural Cartola, sediado no bairro da Mangueira, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, foi criado a partir da observa����o de que os processos de preserva����o de mem��ria, de transmiss��o da hist��ria e dos saberes do samba carioca se encontravam profundamente fragilizados pela engrenagem comercial e tur��stica a que foram subvertidos, principalmente nos redutos tradicionais dessa express��o cultural. Reconhecido como Ponto de Cultura, em 2005, o Centro Cultural Cartola foi proponente da candidatura do samba do Rio de Janeiro a Patrim��nio Cultural Imaterial Brasileiro e, desde ent��o, vem trabalhando o protagonismo social de sambistas, visando a sua afirma����o social e a salvaguarda desse patrim��nio, com a implanta����o de uma pol��tica de resgate, valoriza����o e difus��o dos bens registrados: Partido- Alto, Samba de Terreiro e Samba-enredo. Desde 2009, passou a ser reconhecido como um Pont��o de Cultura. Esta pesquisa de doutorado tem por hip��tese central verificar o impacto da pol��tica de patrim��nio junto aos agentes de cultura popular e como esse fato vem possibilitar- lhes sua eleva����o �� condi����o de protagonistas sociais da pr��pria hist��ria, a fim de garantir- lhes direitos e a valoriza����o da identidade cultural que representam. Paralelamente, procurou- se conhecer a implanta����o de um museu de mem��ria social, bem como levantar as principais conquistas e dificuldades do CCC no cumprimento de sua miss��o institucional, no que se refere �� preserva����o do samba carioca e ��s interfer��ncias sociohist��ricas a que �� submetido, considerando-o como algo flu��do e mutante. Parte essencial ser�� tamb��m verificar se o discurso dos sambistas sobre sua arte e identidade mudou com a incorpora����o do conceito de patrim��nio. Ressalta-se que a implanta����o do processo de salvaguarda das matrizes do samba do Rio de Janeiro que n��o est�� dissociada dos seus criadores e das pr��ticas socioculturais na constru����o de a����es de preserva����o, fomento e difus��o de bens titulados

Community, connection and conservation: Intangible cultural values in natural heritage - the case of Shirakami-sanchi World Heritage area

Intangible cultural heritage, according to a UNESCO definition, is 'the practices, representations, expressions as well as the knowledge and skills that communities, groups and in some cases individuals recognise as part of their cultural heritage'. Using a case study of Shirakami-sanchi World Heritage Area, this paper illustrates how the local community's conservation commitment was formed through their long-term everyday interactions with nature. Such connectivity is vital to maintaining the authentic integrity of a place that does not exclude humans. An examination of the formation of the community's conservation commitment for Shirakami reveals that it is the community's spiritual connection and place-based identity that have supported conservation, leading to the World Heritage nomination, and it is argued that the recognition of such intangible cultural heritage is vital in conservation. The challenge, then, is how to communicate such spiritual heritage today. Forms of community involvement are discussed in an attempt to answer this question.

Indigenous cultural landscapes: Equitably defining the 'authenticity' of the intangible

Over hundreds of generations, indigenous groups around the world have passed down their traditional landscape associations, a number of which are intangible and therefore unquantifiable. Yet, these associative relationships with nature have been, and continue to be, pivotal in cultural evolution. Determining the authenticity of intangible landscape associations has caused much controversy, and in recent decades, indigenous groups have begun seeking protection of their places of significance. In response, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage Committee (WHC) developed a criterion that intended to assist in the identification and protection of cultural landscapes. The WHC has therefore become the global authority responsible for determining the authenticity of cultural landscapes, including those with intangible associations rather than material cultural evidence. However, even with the support of the United Nations, UNESCO and the WHC, it is unlikely that every tangible cultural landscape will be sufficiently recognised and protected. Therefore, this research paper explores the effectiveness of current approaches to gauging authenticity in instances where multiple landscapes are valued according to similar characteristics. Further, this work studies the inherent relationship between the indigenous Maori population of the South Island of New Zealand, in particular Kai Tahi peoples, and their significant landscape features, as a means of considering the breadth and depth of historic intangible associations. In light of these findings, this research challenges the appropriateness of the term 'authenticity' when analysing not only the subjective, but more pressingly, the intangible. It therefore questions the role of empirical data in demonstrating authenticity, while recognising that a prolific list of such intangible cultural landscapes has the potential to diminish integrity. This, this paper addresses an urgent need for increased social research in this area, namely in identifying cultural landscape protection methods that empower all local indigenous communities, not just those which are the most critically acclaimed.

Tracing change in World Cultural Heritage : the recognition of intangible heritage

This thesis investigates the crossover from and intersection between tangible and intangible heritage in the context of World Heritage. Since the start of the twenty-first century, intangible heritage has become increasingly important in international cultural heritage conservation theory and practice. In heritage literature, intangible heritage has been theorized in relation to tangible or built heritage, thereby extending the definition of cultural heritage to consider a holistic perspective. New heritage conservation instruments have been created for the protection of intangible heritage, such as most prominently the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The changing conception of cultural heritage that goes beyond tangible heritage has also influenced existing instruments like the 1972 UNESCO Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The thesis studies how intangible heritage has been recognized and interpreted in implementing the concept of cultural heritage as defined by the World Heritage Convention. It examines the historical development of the concept of World Cultural Heritage with the aim of tracing the construction of intangible heritage in this context. The thesis consists of six chapters. The introduction sets out the research problem and research question. In the literature review, international cultural heritage conservation is portrayed as the research context, the knowledge gap between World Heritage and intangible heritage is identified and an understanding of the research problem deepened, and methods from similar research in the subject area are presented. The methodology in the third chapter describes choices made concerning the research paradigm, research approach and strategy, the use of concepts and illustrative examples, as well as data collection and analysis methods. Knowledge is constructed using primarily a historical approach and related methods. Through the analysis of pertinent documents and heritage discourses, an understanding of the concept of intangible heritage is developed and the concept of World Cultural Heritage is investigated. In the fourth chapter, intangible heritage is studied by looking at specific cultural heritage discourses, that is, a scientific, a UNESCO, and an ICOMOS discourse. Intangible heritage is theorized in relation to the concepts of tangible heritage, heritage value, and cultural heritage. Knowledge gained in this chapter serves as a theoretical lens to trace the recognition of and tease out interpretations of intangible heritage in the context of implementing the concept of World Cultural Heritage. The results are presented in chapter five. A historical development is portrayed in five time periods and for the concepts of cultural heritage, Outstanding Universal Value, the criteria to assess World Heritage value, and authenticity. The conclusion summarizes the main outcomes, assesses the thesis��� contribution to scientific knowledge as well as its limitations, and outlines possible further research. The main results include the identification of the term intangible heritage as an indicator for a paradigm shift and a new approach to conceiving cultural heritage in international cultural heritage conservation. By focusing on processes and the living relationship between people and their environment or place, intangible heritage emphasizes the anthropological. In the context of this conception, intangible heritage takes on two meanings. First, value is attributed by people and hence, is inherently immaterial. Secondly, place is constituted of a tangible-intangible continuum in terms of attributes. A paradigm shift and increasing recognition of an anthropological approach to cultural heritage were identified for all discourses, that is, UNESCO, ICOMOS, the scientific field, and World Heritage. For World Heritage, intangible heritage was recognized indirectly in terms of historical associations during the 1970s and 1980s. The anthropological shift occurred in the early 1990s. The term intangible was introduced and the meaning of intangible heritage was extended to include cultural associations. The subsequent decade is characterized by a process of internalization and implementation of the new approach to cultural heritage. The 2003 Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention created momentum. By the early 2010s, while not explicitly recognizing the immaterial character of values, a holistic approach to cultural heritage was fully endorsed that considers the idea of intangible attributes as carriers of values. An understanding of the recognition of intangible heritage through the implementation of the World Heritage Convention and scientific research in general provide an important knowledge base for implementing the Convention in a more coherent, objective, and well-informed way.

Tracing change in World Cultural Heritage : the recognition of intangible heritage

This thesis investigates the crossover from and intersection between tangible and intangible heritage in the context of World Heritage. Since the start of the twenty-first century, intangible heritage has become increasingly important in international cultural heritage conservation theory and practice. In heritage literature, intangible heritage has been theorized in relation to tangible or built heritage, thereby extending the definition of cultural heritage to consider a holistic perspective. New heritage conservation instruments have been created for the protection of intangible heritage, such as most prominently the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The changing conception of cultural heritage that goes beyond tangible heritage has also influenced existing instruments like the 1972 UNESCO Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The thesis studies how intangible heritage has been recognized and interpreted in implementing the concept of cultural heritage as defined by the World Heritage Convention. It examines the historical development of the concept of World Cultural Heritage with the aim of tracing the construction of intangible heritage in this context. The thesis consists of six chapters. The introduction sets out the research problem and research question. In the literature review, international cultural heritage conservation is portrayed as the research context, the knowledge gap between World Heritage and intangible heritage is identified and an understanding of the research problem deepened, and methods from similar research in the subject area are presented. The methodology in the third chapter describes choices made concerning the research paradigm, research approach and strategy, the use of concepts and illustrative examples, as well as data collection and analysis methods. Knowledge is constructed using primarily a historical approach and related methods. Through the analysis of pertinent documents and heritage discourses, an understanding of the concept of intangible heritage is developed and the concept of World Cultural Heritage is investigated. In the fourth chapter, intangible heritage is studied by looking at specific cultural heritage discourses, that is, a scientific, a UNESCO, and an ICOMOS discourse. Intangible heritage is theorized in relation to the concepts of tangible heritage, heritage value, and cultural heritage. Knowledge gained in this chapter serves as a theoretical lens to trace the recognition of and tease out interpretations of intangible heritage in the context of implementing the concept of World Cultural Heritage. The results are presented in chapter five. A historical development is portrayed in five time periods and for the concepts of cultural heritage, Outstanding Universal Value, the criteria to assess World Heritage value, and authenticity. The conclusion summarizes the main outcomes, assesses the thesis��� contribution to scientific knowledge as well as its limitations, and outlines possible further research. The main results include the identification of the term intangible heritage as an indicator for a paradigm shift and a new approach to conceiving cultural heritage in international cultural heritage conservation. By focusing on processes and the living relationship between people and their environment or place, intangible heritage emphasizes the anthropological. In the context of this conception, intangible heritage takes on two meanings. First, value is attributed by people and hence, is inherently immaterial. Secondly, place is constituted of a tangible-intangible continuum in terms of attributes. A paradigm shift and increasing recognition of an anthropological approach to cultural heritage were identified for all discourses, that is, UNESCO, ICOMOS, the scientific field, and World Heritage. For World Heritage, intangible heritage was recognized indirectly in terms of historical associations during the 1970s and 1980s. The anthropological shift occurred in the early 1990s. The term intangible was introduced and the meaning of intangible heritage was extended to include cultural associations. The subsequent decade is characterized by a process of internalization and implementation of the new approach to cultural heritage. The 2003 Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention created momentum. By the early 2010s, while not explicitly recognizing the immaterial character of values, a holistic approach to cultural heritage was fully endorsed that considers the idea of intangible attributes as carriers of values. An understanding of the recognition of intangible heritage through the implementation of the World Heritage Convention and scientific research in general provide an important knowledge base for implementing the Convention in a more coherent, objective, and well-informed way.

El patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible articulado a la ordenaci��n territorial aplicado al caso del cant��n Paltas provincia de Loja

En el Ecuador la base legal como la Constituci��n del 2008 y el C��digo Org��nico de Organizaci��n Territorial, Autonom��a y descentralizaci��n (COOTAD), establecen la organizaci��n pol��tico administrativa del territorio en diferentes niveles de gobierno, sean estos regiones, provincias, cantones, parroquias rurales y tambi��n de r��gimen especial, para ello estos niveles adquieren funciones de integridad para realizar legislaci��n, ejecuci��n, fiscalizaci��n y de participaci��n ciudadana, en donde se alcanzar�� y se promover�� el desarrollo sustentable en el marco del plan nacional del buen vivir. Para lograr este legado, los diferentes Gobiernos Aut��nomos Descentralizados deben elaborar y ejecutar el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) y el Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial (PDOT), de acuerdo a sus competencias de circunscripci��n territorial. Por competencia exclusiva les corresponde a los gobiernos municipales " formular, aprobar y evaluar los planes, programas y proyectos destinados a la preservaci��n, mantenimiento y difusi��n del patrimonio arquitect��nico, cultural y natural de su circunscripci��n..... Para el efecto, el patrimonio en referencia ser�� considerado en todas sus expresiones tangibles e intangible...��� (COOTAD Art. 144). Lamentablemente la mayor��a de estos gobiernos municipales poco o nada han incorporado el patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible en sus fases de an��lisis de, diagn��stico, propuesta y modelo gesti��n. Como base fundamental tomaremos la gu��a metodol��gica para la elaboraci��n de planes de desarrollo y ordenamiento que presenta la SENPLADES en el a��o 2014y la propuesta que realiza el Dr. Domingo G��mez Orea en su libro Ordenaci��n Territorial 2da edici��n, de ah�� se propone una alternativa metodol��gica de articulaci��n del patrimonio cultural y ordenamiento territorial. Y para lograr este objetivo, utilizaremos la informaci��n disponible que cuenta el Instituto nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (INPC) en su sistema informatizado que se encuentra en la p��gina Web www.inpc.gob.ec, denominado Sistema de Informaci��n Patrimonial Cultural del Ecuador (SIPCE), esta base de informaci��n que contiene fichas de inventario en sus diferentes ��mbitos culturales como inmuebles, muebles, documentos. Arqueol��gicos y manifestaciones inmateriales, previamente analizadas y georreferenciadas nos permitir��n territorializar en el espacio cantonal y con ello poder realizar un an��lisis integrado con los otros componentes como es el medio f��sico, poblacional, econ��mico, n��cleos de poblaci��n etc. Esta nueva metodolog��a permitir�� visualizar, conocer, aprender y empod��ranos del patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial, con aquellas manifestaciones culturales y tradicionales que existen y se encuentran en vigencia. Tambi��n poder recuperar y rescatar aquellas que est��n en peligro de desaparecer, este potencial cultural ser�� una gran posibilidad de generar emprendimientos y desarrollo sustentable. La manera m��s id��nea de concretar y fomentar este desarrollo sustentable en territorio ser�� a trav��s de la formulaci��n de programas, planes y proyectos que deber��n plantearse en los planes de ordenamiento territorial y los planes de desarrollo territorial. Finalmente para comprobar esta nueva propuesta metodol��gica de articulaci��n entre el patrimonio cultural y el ordenamiento territorial, la aplicaremos al cant��n Paltas de la provincia de Loja.

Dimensions of Mediterranean Diet: world cultural heritage

The book "Dimensions of Mediterranean diet" develops the reflection around the Mediterranean Diet concept - Intangible Cultural Heritage, which took place by initiative of the University of Algarve, during the first cycle of Seminars on Mediterranean Diet, in 2013. Starting with the multiplicity of this concept, the authors follow exploring the reality of this way of life (between the sky and the earth), which is the result of an age-old training process, integrates a habit of eating well in a healthy life practice and is a vehicle for future sustainability. The images accompanying the text portray this Mediterranean identity, straight from Algarve current realities.

C��o de Fila de S. Miguel : patrim��nio cultural imaterial

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Patrim��nio, Museologia e Desenvolvimento, 2 de Outubro de 2015, Universidade dos A��ores.

Reafirmar a Identidade cultural local: o patrim��nio cultural imaterial local como recurso

Disserta����o conducente �� obten����o do grau de Mestre em Educa����o Social e Interven����o Comunit��ria, sob orienta����o do Professor Doutor Lu��s Manuel Costa Moreno

Patrim��nio Cultural Imaterial: MEMORIAMEDIA e-Museu - m��todos, t��cnicas e pr��ticas / Intagible Cultural Heritage: MEMORIAMEDIA e-Museum - methods, techniques and practices

O projeto MEMORIAMEDIA tem como objetivos o estudo, a inventaria����o e divulga����o de manifesta����es do patrim��nio cultural imaterial: express��es orais; pr��ticas performativas; celebra����es; o saber-fazer de artes e of��cios e as pr��ticas e conhecimentos relacionados com a natureza e o universo. O MEMORIAMEDIA iniciou em 2006, em pleno debate nacional e internacional das quest��es do patrim��nio cultural imaterial. Este livro cruza essas discuss��es te��ricas, metodol��gicas e t��cnicas com a caracteriza����o do MEMORIAMEDIA. Os resultados do projeto, organizados num invent��rio nacional, est��o publicados no site www.memoriamedia.net, onde se encontram dispon��veis para consulta e partilha. Filomena Sousa �� investigadora de p��s-doutoramento em antropologia (FCSH/UNL) e doutorada em sociologia (ISCTE-IUL). Membro integrado no Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradi����o - patrim��nios, artes e culturas (IELT) da FCSH/UNL e consultora da Mem��ria Imaterial CRL ��� organiza����o n��o-governamental autora e gestora do projeto MEMORIAMEDIA. Desenvolve investiga����o no ��mbito das pol��ticas e instrumentos de identifica����o, documenta����o e salvaguarda do patrim��nio cultural imaterial e realizou v��rios document��rios sobre express��es culturais.

An��lisis de la incorporaci��n del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial en el Ordenamiento Territorial. Una propuesta de mecanismos de di��logo e inclusi��n para el caso de la Semana Santa de Popay��n

Presenta el an��lisis de la incorporaci��n de una pr��ctica cultural declarada Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial (PCI) de la Humanidad en las estructuras formales del ordenamiento territorial. Analiza tambi��n la necesidad de reconocer una serie de valores que la comunidad le ha otorgado a la pr��ctica y que soportan la articulaci��n con el ordenamiento territorial, pasando por los beneficios econ��micos, pol��ticos y sociales que traer��a este proceso.

M��todo de Bater��a Plinio C��rdoba Valencia. Iniciativa para la salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural inmaterial y los tesoros humanos vivos de Colombia

Proyecto de Gesti��n Cultural que busca visibilizar la vida y obra del Maestro Plinio C��rdoba Valencia, baterista y precursor del Jazz en Colombia, a trav��s del dise��o de su M��todo de Bater��a.