Nas tramas de Itamatatiua: representações sociais, práticas de saúde e as trocas comunicativas dos filhos de Santa Teresa

No presente estudo utiliza-se a Teoria das Representações Sociais, iniciada por Serge Moscovici, ao publicar a obra La Psychanalyse son image et son public em 1961. Para o autor, as representações sociais são originadas a partir das definições de linguagem e comunicação configurando-se em uma conexão de idéias, metáforas e imagens mentais em constante dinâmica, sendo sustentadas pela comunicação. Essa perspectiva teórica se propõe a entender como os indivíduos e grupos sociais compreendem o mundo, sua realidade e as circunstâncias nas quais se comunicam, compartilham idéias, ações, crenças, ideologias e interagem entre si e com os outros. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como os indivíduos constroem e reconstroem os conceitos e as práticas de saúde, as relações estabelecidas entre saúde e doença e como caracterizam as práticas tradicionais de saúde existentes na comunidade negra de Itamatatiua - Maranhão. No que se refere à metodologia utilizou-se os principíos da etnometodologia aliados à etnografia, com o intuito de perceber os modos de dizer e fazer saúde na comunidade. Mediante pesquisa de campo verificou-se que os itamatatiuenses vivem um momento de transição social, política e econômica que vem se repercutindo nas práticas de saúde. A manutenção e utilização de praticas tradicionais de saúde, que envolvem chás, ervas de giraus, emplasto, garrafadas, benzimentos e curandeirismo continua a ser observada, coexistindo com as práticas institucionais do Programa de Saúde da Família. As construções simbólicas em torno da saúde estabelecem relações complexas em uma rede que envolve o momento de transmissão oral; a promessa de saúde e a fé em Santa Teresa; questões territóriais que se traduzem em título de cidadania quilombola e melhoria de qualidade de vida; cultura da cerâmica como base econômica; transição alimentar com a entrada no mercado de consumo dos alimentos industrializados; modo de vida, na maior parte das vezes, harmonioso; relações conflituosas entre os múltiplos saberes em interação, que envolve o conhecimento reificado institucionalizado e o conhecimento popular. Concluí-se que através da oralidade as experiências práticas de saúde das gerações antepassadas se consolidaram e hoje se colocam em paralelo as práticas institucionalizadas governamentais e privadas, constituindo um conjunto de representações características dessa comunidade.

Entretien avec François Bayle

La réalisation de cet entretien avec François Bayle a eu comme objectif premier d'approfondir la compréhension de sa conception du sonore. Le concept d’image de son (i-son) est évidemment l’élément central de sa pensée à propos du sonore. Nous l’avons approché en tant qu’élément présent dans l’espace et perçu par l’oreille. François Bayle nous présente le son en tant que présence porteuse de dimensions spatiales multiples. Il nous montre également que l’intentionnalité de l’écoute est un des éléments déterminants dans la perception des sons dans l’espace. Le compositeur rappelle enfin que les représentations mentales sont construites et que les images sonores de la musique sont composées.

Inclusão e deficiência: em busca das representações sociais na mídia impressa em Natal/RN

This thesis is the result of an extensive research on print media discourse on the inclusion of disabled people in society. Articles published in the newspapers Diário de Natal/O Poti and Tribuna do Norte from 1992 to 2002 have been analyzed. Beginning with the very same questions that moved Moscovici (1978) in his classic study La Psychalyse son image et son public , according to which the media play a predominant role in the formation and propagation of social representations as well as in the construction of human behaviors, we have chosen this mass media as our investigation field. Understanding the importance of the communication theory, we intend to associate it to the social representation theory, since communication, as an aspiration, relates to the fundamentals of all humanity (WOLTON, 2004, p. 56). Moreover, means of communication represent an important space for symbolic production and representational process, allowing the analysis of the circulating discourses on social inclusion and disability. Based on these questions, we have determined social representations present in print media on the subject to be our study object. This objective was elected due to the fact that the thematic of disability and inclusion is scarcely and sporadically found in journalistic speech. The research questions have been: which is the representation of disabled people s condition in print media? What changes have occurred during the analyzed period and which was the role played by print media in this process? The research corpus was composed of newspaper articles about various aspects concerning disability and of free word association by reporters. We have analysed: 1) graphical language promoted by the picture of the substances propagated in the period from 1992 a 2002; 2) free word association experiments carried out with reporters of both newspapers; and 3) texts published from 1996 to 1997 using the high-tech program ALCESTE (Contextual Lexical Analysis of a Set of Segments of Texts). The results revealed that the print media in Natal/RN refer to the topic in a discontinuous way, and depend on specific events to highlight disabled people s fight for their rights. Social inclusion is still a great challenge for these people in all levels. We believe that this incapacity to overcome all kinds of obstacles is established in a dialectic relation between society and the media: society remains silent (the manifestation of interest for the cause only attracts some people s or groups attention) and the media, which selects which information is to be broadcasted, gives no evidence to the issue. This representation may be noticed in the infrequency in which articles about the subject are published, as well as in the emphasis to sports, a more important issue for the media. An implication of this study is that a new perspective is opened for analysis and reflection: the Paralympics games as both an inclusive and a segregating social phenomenon. It would be beautiful to have all of us together!

Pour une meilleure acceptabilité sociale des projets énergétiques

L’acceptabilité sociale prend de plus en plus de place dans la sphère publique depuis la dernière décennie et ce concept semble même faire la pluie et le beau temps lorsqu’un promoteur tente de mettre en œuvre un projet. Même si les problématiques d’acceptabilité sociale sont rencontrées dans tous les domaines allant de la construction de condominium à l’implantation de projets miniers, les promoteurs du secteur énergétique semblent avoir davantage de difficultés à l’obtenir. L’objectif de cet essai est donc de déterminer les éléments dans la démarche d’acceptabilité sociale des promoteurs de ce secteur qui font en sorte que leurs projets soient si mal acceptés. Une analyse a été réalisée en étudiant des projets bien acceptés socialement et d’autres comportant des lacunes au niveau de l’acceptabilité sociale, dans chacun des secteurs suivants : minier, industriel et énergétique. Ainsi, les bonnes pratiques relevées pourront servir d’exemple pour les promoteurs de projets énergétiques aux prises avec des problèmes dans ce domaine. Les pratiques de chaque secteur ont été évaluées à l’aide de critères tirés et adaptés de l’article 6 de la Loi sur le développement durable. Une note a ensuite été attribuée à chacun des critères. L’analyse a permis de démontrer qu’effectivement, le secteur de l’énergie accuse un retard sur les secteurs miniers et industriels, qui ont tous deux trouvé des moyens efficaces pour acquérir et maintenir l’acceptabilité sociale. Les critères nécessitant une amélioration imminente sont les suivants : la responsabilité environnementale, la santé-sécurité, la participation du public et l’internalisation des coûts. Des recommandations ont alors été formulées dans l’optique de favoriser l’acceptabilité sociale des projets énergétiques. Les promoteurs auraient avantage à se doter d’un cadre de référence en matière de responsabilité sociale et environnementale, à faire preuve de transparence ainsi qu’à produire un rapport de développement durable. Il serait également bénéfique pour le promoteur d’évaluer les impacts en collaborant avec les acteurs du milieu et de démontrer sa capacité à intervenir en cas d’urgence. Les démarches de consultation publiques devraient être bonifiées en initiant le processus dès la phase de préfaisabilité et en choisissant un porte-parole crédible et présent dans la communauté d’accueil. L’internalisation des coûts devrait aussi être effectuée de manière plus réaliste et exhaustive. En somme, il se peut qu’un projet ne soit jamais acceptable par la société d’accueil en dépit de tous les efforts déployés par le promoteur, mais une bonne image vaut son pesant d’or.

Representação e Educação Linguística de Professores de Línguas: Revisitando Algumas Concepções Teóricas

Resumo: Neste texto trato da ideia de representação, discutindo como essa se traslada para a da representação linguística e em que esse movimento contribui para a compreensão do objeto língua como um território de saber atravessado por uma perene reformulação e ressignificação de sentidos. Para tanto, revisito o próprio conceito de representação (Far, 2011; Jodelet, 2000, 2001; Moscovici, 1976, 1978, 2009; Sá, 1996; Zarate, 2010) e passo a problematizar o seu deslocamento para o de representação linguística (Arnoux e Del Valle, 2010; Boyer, 1996, 2003; Calvet,1998; Houdebine-Gravaud,2002; Petitjean, 2009), articulando  conceitos como o de imaginário (Pesavento,1995;) e atitudes linguísticas (Dominique Lafontaine,1997; Fasold, 1984; Saville-Troike,1989). Interessa-me, ao longo deste texto, levantar algumas questões de natureza teórica e conceitual com o fim de promover um debate em torno da dimensão simbólica e, mais notadamente, de como essa pode ser relevante para a redefinição das práticas dos sujeitos, no caso de professores de línguas, situando-as no âmbito da educação linguística de professores.Palavras-chaves: Representação; educação linguística; língua

Karl Gottschalk and Elisbeth nee Steinfeld with their son Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) and son Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) of Lisbeth's first marriage.

Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) on right; Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) on left

Karl Gottschalk and Elisbeth nee Steinfeld with their son Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) and son Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) of Lisbeth's first marriage.

Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) on right; Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) on left

John and Ursula Schlosstein nee Gottschalk with their infant son Ralph. portraits family

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Portrait of Josef with his son Peter Molling.

Badly faded picture of Peter Molling, left, and his father, Josef Molling

Joseph Molling with wife Margarete "Gretchen" nee Benjamin and son Peter on a walk.

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Portrait of Aenny Catzenstein nee Gottschalk holding her infant son Franz Portraits Family

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Albert Einstein with his son-in-law Rudolf Kayser Portraits Groups; Men

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Friedrich Bergammer (Fritz Glueckselig) standing in the doorway of the gallery store M. Glueckselig & Son; 108 East 57th Street, New York Portraits Men

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Arthur Liebert, Albert Einstein, Franz Oppenheimer, Mrs. Kurt Goldstein, Fritz Medicus and Arthur Liebert's son walking outside the Grand Hotel Curhaus during the Davoser Hochschulkurse; Davos, Switzerland Portraits Groups

The Davoser Hochschulkurse took place for the first time in 1928. Mainly university teachers from Germany, France, Switzerland (perhaps elsewhere) offered lectures to students recovering from tuberculosis at the health resort in the Swiss mountains. The lecturers were accommodated at the Grand Hotel Curhaus, where the lectures also took place.

Lucien Levy-Bruehl, Albert Einstein, Franz Oppenheimer, Arthur Liebert and his son, Paul Tillich, unidentified woman and Mrs. Charles Blondel outside the Grand Hotel Curhaus during the Davoser Hochschulkurse; Davos, Switzerland Portraits Groups

The Davoser Hochschulkurse took place for the first time in 1928. Mainly university teachers from Germany, France, Switzerland (perhaps elsewhere) offered lectures to students recovering from tuberculosis at the health resort in the Swiss mountains. The lecturers were accommodated at the Grand Hotel Curhaus, where the lectures also took place.